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Aref M, FaragAllah EM, Goda NIA, Abu-Alghayth MH, Abomughaid MM, Mahboub HH, Alwutayd KM, Elsherbini HA. Chia seeds ameliorate cardiac disease risk factors via alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2940. [PMID: 38316807 PMCID: PMC10844609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity upsurges the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, primarily heart failure and coronary heart disease. Chia seeds have a high concentration of dietary fiber and increased concentrations of anti-inflammatoryand antioxidant compounds. They are used for weight loss plus enhancing blood glucose and lipid profile. The current perspective was commenced to examine the protective influence of chia seeds ingestion on cardiovascular disease risk factors in high-fat diet-fed rats. Forty male albino rats (with an initial body weight of 180-200 g) were used in this study. Rats were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: Group I was the control group and group II was a control group with chia seeds supplementation. Group III was a high-fat diet group (HFD) that received HFD for 10 weeks and group IV was fed on HFD plus chia seeds for 10 weeks. In all groups Echocardiographic measurements were performed, initial and final BMI, serum glucose, AC/TC ratio, lipid profile, insulin (with a computed HOMA-IR), creatinine phosphokinase-muscle/brain (CPK-MB), CRP, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and MAP were estimated. Whole heart weight (WHW) was calculated, and then WHW/body weight (BW) ratio was estimated. Eventually, a histopathological picture of cardiac tissues was performed to assess the changes in the structure of the heart under Haematoxylin and Eosin and Crossmon's trichrome stain. Ingestion of a high diet for 10 weeks induced a clear elevation in BMI, AC/ TC, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, CRP, CPK-MB, and cTnI in all HFD groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in MAP, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD). Furthermore, histological cardiac examination showed structural alteration of the normal structure of the heart tissue with an increase in collagen deposition. Also, the Bcl-2 expression in the heart muscle was significantly lower, but Bax expression was significantly higher. Chia seeds ingestion combined with HFD noticeably ameliorated the previously-recorded biochemical biomarkers, hemodynamic and echocardiography measures, and histopathological changes. Outcomes of this report reveal that obesity is a hazard factor for cardiovascular disease and chia seeds could be a good candidate for cardiovascular system protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aref
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Nehal I A Goda
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh M Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel A Elsherbini
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Alwosais EZM, Al-Ozairi E, Zafar TA, Alkandari S. Chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr Health 2021; 27:181-189. [PMID: 33530854 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020981819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting. AIM The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker - high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Adults with T2DM (n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week intervention period to assess the study outcomes, such as glycemic control, BP, cardiovascular risk parameters including lipid profile, inflammatory marker, and body weight. RESULTS Adjusted for gender and baseline values, the chia seed group had systolic BP (SBP) significantly reduced compared to control [t (1) = 2.867, p = 0.007, η 2 p = 0.174]. No differences were observed in any other parameter tested in the chia seed or control group. CONCLUSIONS People with T2DM and hypertension, maintaining usual dietary consumption, physical activity pattern, and medications, had significantly reduced SBP compared to the control group when having consumed 40 g/d of chia seeds for 12 weeks.
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Zurbau A, Smircic Duvnjak L, Magas S, Jovanovski E, Miocic J, Jenkins AL, Jenkins DJA, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Sievenpiper JL, Vuksan V. Co-administration of viscous fiber, Salba-chia and ginseng on glycemic management in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3071-3083. [PMID: 33486572 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Viscous dietary fiber, functional seeds and ginseng roots have individually been proposed for the management of diabetes. We explored whether their co-administration would improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes beyond conventional therapy. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial conducted at two academic centers (Toronto, Canada and Zagreb, Croatia), individuals with type 2 diabetes were assigned to either an active intervention (10 g viscous fiber, 60 g white chia seeds, 1.5 g American and 0.75 g Korean red ginseng extracts), or energy and fiber-matched control (53 g oat bran, 25 g inulin, 25 g maltodextrose and 2.25 g wheat bran) intervention for 24 weeks, while on conventional standard of care. The prespecified primary endpoint was end difference at week 24 in HbA1c, following an intent-to-treat analysis adjusted for center and baseline. RESULTS Between January 2016 and April 2018, 104 participants (60M:44F; mean ± SEM age 59 ± 0.8 years; BMI 29.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2; HbA1c 7.0 ± 0.6%) managed with antihyperglycemic agent(s) (n = 98) or lifestyle (n = 6), were randomized (n = 52 test; n = 52 control). At week 24, HbA1c levels were 0.27 ± 0.1% lower on test compared to control (p = 0.03). There was a tendency towards an interaction by baseline HbA1c (p = 0.07), in which a greater reduction was seen in participants with baseline HbA1c > 7% vs ≤ 7% (- 0.56 ± 0.2% vs 0.03 ± 0.2%). Diet and body weight remained unchanged. The interventions were well tolerated with no related adverse events and with high retention rate of 84%. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of selected dietary and herbal therapies was well-tolerated and may provide greater glycemic control as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes. Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02553382 (registered on September 17, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Smircic Duvnjak
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sasa Magas
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elena Jovanovski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jelena Miocic
- Vuk Vrhovac Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alexandra L Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Josse
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Xing X, Hsieh YSY, Yap K, Ang ME, Lahnstein J, Tucker MR, Burton RA, Bulone V. Isolation and structural elucidation by 2D NMR of planteose, a major oligosaccharide in the mucilage of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:231-240. [PMID: 28917861 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An oligosaccharide was isolated in high purity and excellent yield from the water-extractable mucilage of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds using an optimized solid-phase extraction method. LC-MS analysis showed that the compound presents a molecular mass of 504Da and trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis revealed that it consists of galactose, glucose and fructose. Glycosidic linkage analysis showed that the oligosaccharide contains two non-reducing ends corresponding to terminal glucopyranose and terminal galactopyranose, respectively. The oligosaccharide was identified as planteose by the complete assignment of a series of 2D NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). The significance of the presence of planteose in chia seeds is discussed in the context of nutrition and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xing
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE 10691, Sweden
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE 10691, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SE 10044, Sweden
| | - Kuok Yap
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Main E Ang
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia; Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE 10691, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, SE 10044, Sweden.
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