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Meskin M, Starkey PA, Kaspersen AE, Ringgaard S, Sand SG, Nygaard JV, Jensen JA, Traberg MS, Johansen P. Investigating the importance of left atrial compliance on fluid dynamics in a novel mock circulatory loop. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1864. [PMID: 38253772 PMCID: PMC10803730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The left atrium (LA) hemodynamic indices hold prognostic value in various cardiac diseases and disorders. To understand the mechanisms of these conditions and to assess the performance of cardiac devices and interventions, in vitro models can be used to replicate the complex physiological interplay between the pulmonary veins, LA, and left ventricle. In this study, a comprehensive and adaptable in vitro model was created. The model includes a flexible LA made from silicone and allows distinct control over the systolic and diastolic functions of both the LA and left ventricle. The LA was mechanically matched with porcine LAs through expansion tests. Fluid dynamic measures were validated against the literature and pulmonary venous flows recorded on five healthy individuals using magnetic resonance flow imaging. Furthermore, the fluid dynamic measures were also used to construct LA pressure-volume loops. The in vitro pressure and flow recordings expressed a high resemblance to physiological waveforms. By decreasing the compliance of the LA, the model behaved realistically, elevating the a- and v-wave peaks of the LA pressure from 12 to 19 mmHg and 22 to 26 mmHg, respectively, while reducing the S/D ratio of the pulmonary venous flowrate from 1.5 to 0.3. This model provides a realistic platform and framework for developing and evaluating left heart procedures and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Meskin
- Cardiovascular Biomechanics Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Philip Alexander Starkey
- Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Signe Gram Sand
- Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Vinge Nygaard
- Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Arendt Jensen
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marie Sand Traberg
- Cardiovascular Biomechanics Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Johansen
- Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade 22, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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