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Hseu JH, Lin YA, Pandey S, Vadivalagan C, Ali A, Chen SJ, Way TD, Yang HL, Hseu YC. Antrodia salmonea suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition/metastasis and Warburg effects by inhibiting Twist and HIF-1α expression in Twist-overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117030. [PMID: 37572931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia salmonea (AS), linked to the genus Taiwanofungus, is a medicinal fungus, and exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and tumor inhibiting properties. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the metabolic reprogramming and anti-metastasis/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) effects of AS exposure in Twist-overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC, OECM-1 and FaDu-Twist) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay, Western blot, migration/invasion assay, immunofluorescence, glucose uptake assay, lactate assay, oxygen consumption rate (OCR)/Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) assay, Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and qRT-PCR experimental techniques were used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of AS treatment in HNSCC cells. RESULTS This study showed that AS exhibits anti-EMT and anti-metastatic effects as well as metabolic reprogramming in Twist-overexpressing HNSCC cells. AS exposure inhibited Twist and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and/or mRNA expression in Twist-overexpressing OECM-1 and FaDu-Twist cells. AS markedly suppressed EMT by enhancing the expression of E-cadherin; while the N-cadherin was suppressed. Furthermore, glucose uptake and lactate accumulation, together with HIF-1α-regulated glycolysis genes were diminished by AS in OECM-1 cells. AS decreased the ECAR, and enhanced the OCR together with basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity under normoxia and hypoxia (CoCl2) in OECM-1 cells. There was a marked reduction in the level of glycolytic intermediate's; while TCA cycle metabolites were increased by AS treatment in OECM-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that AS treatment suppresses EMT/metastasis and Warburg effects through Twist and HIF-1α inhibition in Twist-overexpressing HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hsuan Hseu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Asif Ali
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190005, India
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
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Lin YP, Hseu YC, Thiyagarajan V, Vadivalagan C, Pandey S, Lin KY, Hsu YT, Liao JW, Lee CC, Yang HL. The in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of Antrodia salmonea through inhibition of metastasis and induction of ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114178. [PMID: 36916401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antrodia salmonea (AS) exhibits anticancer activities against various cancers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anticancer activities of AS on human glioblastoma (GBM8401 and U87MG) cells both in vitro and in vivo and explained the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MTT, colony formation, migration/invasion assay, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, TUNEL, Annexin V/PI staining, AO staining, GFP-LC3 transfection, TEM, qPCR, siLC3, DCFH2-DA assay, and xenografted-nude mice were used to assess the potential of AS therapy. RESULTS AS treatment retarded growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma cells. AS attenuates EMT by suppressing invasion and migration, increasing E-cadherin expression, decreasing Twist, Snail, and N-cadherin expression, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, AS induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3, cleaving PARP, and dysregulating Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. TUNEL assay and Annexin V/PI staining indicated AS-mediated late apoptosis. Interestingly, AS induced autophagic cell death by LC3-II accumulation, AVO formation, autophagosome GFP-LC3 puncta, p62/SQSTM1 expression, and ATG4B inhibition in GBM8401 and U87MG cells. TEM data revealed that AS favored autophagosome and autolysosome formation. The autophagy inhibitors 3-MA/CQ and LC3 knockdown suppressed AS-induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells, indicating that the inhibition of autophagy decreased AS-induced apoptosis. Notably, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited AS-mediated ROS production and AS-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, AS induced ROS-mediated inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. AS reduced the tumor burden in GBM8401-xenografted nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenografts by inducing anti-EMT, apoptosis, and autophagy. AS could be a potential antitumor agent in human glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pin Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chithravel Vadivalagan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Tai Hsu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yang HL, Lin YA, Pandey S, Liao JW, Way TD, Yeh YL, Chen SJ, Hseu YC. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of Antrodia salmonea against twist-overexpressing HNSCC cells: Induction of ROS-mediated autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113564. [PMID: 36563924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a relatively common malignancy, characterized by lethal morbidity. Herein, we attempted to investigate the autophagy/apoptosis activities of the submerged fermented broths of Antrodia salmonea (AS) in HNSCC Twist-overexpressing (OECM-1 and FaDu-Twist) cells. AS (0-150 μg/mL) effectively reduced cell viability, colony formation, and downregulated Twist expression in OECM-1 and FaDu-Twist cells compared to FaDu cells. AS- induced apoptosis was mainly associated with activation of caspase-3, PARP cleavage, increased expression of VDAC-1 and disproportionation of Bax/Bcl-2. Annexin V/PI staining suggested late apoptosis induction by AS treatment. AS exhibits enhanced autophagy process mediated via LC3-I/II accumulation, increased acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) formation and p62/SQSTM1 expression feeding into the apoptotic program. However, pre-treatment with autophagy blockers 3-MA and CQ significantly diminished AS-induced cell death. Additionally, suppression of AS-induced ROS release by treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in reduction of apoptotic and autophagic cell death. In vivo studies strengthened the above observations and showed that AS effectively reduced the tumor volume and tumor weight in OECM-1-xenografted nude mice. This study discovered that Antrodia salmonea exhibits a novel anti-cancer mechanism which could be harnessed as a new potent drug for HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lyu Yeh
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Chen C, Li Y, Liao W, Oner M, Cheng Y, Liu F, Cheng P, Celik A, Wu J, Lai C, Hsieh J, Lin H, Chang T, Chang C, Chen M. Antrodia salmonea Extracts Regulate p53-AR Signaling and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-12. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7033127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea (AS) is a genus of Antrodia, an epiphyte of Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan. AS has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects on different diseases, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hypertension. AS has been reported to have anticancer effects on numerous cancer types, such as ovarian carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Our previous studies demonstrated that antrocins and triterpenoids are possibly bioactive compositions. However, the effects of AS on prostate cancer remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of AS in prostate cancer growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. The results showed that AS extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the levels of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3/8/9). In addition, the cell cycle-related proteins CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and their respective specific regulators Cyclin B1, Cyclin A, and Cyclin D were also affected. Besides, AS treatment increased p53 protein levels and slowed its degradation in LNCaP cells. Interestingly, we found that AS treatment reduced both total protein and Ser-81 phosphorylation levels of the androgen receptor (AR). Notably, the increase of nuclear p53 was accompanied by the down-regulation of AR, suggesting a reverse regulation between p53 and AR in LNCaP cells was triggered by AS treatment. These findings suggest that AS extracts trigger the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through the reverse regulation of p53 and AR and elucidate that AS extracts might be a potential treatment for androgen-dependent prostate cancer in the near future.
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Chen CY, Lin H, Cheng PT, Cheng YC, Oner M, Li YH, Chen MC, Wu JH, Chang TC, Celik A, Liu FL, Wang HY, Lai CH, Hsieh JT. Antrodia salmonea extract inhibits cell proliferation through regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:209-214. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_78_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhou L, Luo S, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Chen T, Feng S, Yuan M, Ding C. Blumea laciniata protected Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans against acrylamide-induced toxicity via insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112667. [PMID: 34762976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AC), a proved toxin is mainly used in industrial fields and proved to possess various toxicities. In recent years, AC has been found in starch-containing foods due to Maillard reaction in a high-temperature process. Therefore, how to mitigate the toxic effect of AC is a research spot. Blumea laciniata is a widely used folk medicine in Asia and the extract from B. laciniata (EBL) exhibited a strong protection on cells against oxidative stress. In this work, we used EBL to protect Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans against AC toxicity. As the results turned out, EBL increased cell viability under AC stress and notably reduced the cell apoptosis through decreasing the high level of ROS. Moreover, EBL extended the survival time of C. elegans, while EBL failed to prolong the survival time of mutants that were in Insulin signaling pathway. Besides, the expressions of antioxidant enzymes were activated after the worms were treated with EBL and daf-16 gene was activated. Our results indicated that EBL exhibited a protective effect against AC induced toxicity in Hep G2 cells and C. elegans via Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway. These outcomes may provide a promising natural drug to alleviate the toxic effect of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Siyuan Luo
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Yiling Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Shuai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Nowakowski P, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Bielecka J, Mielcarek K, Grabia M, Socha K. Treasures from the forest: Evaluation of mushroom extracts as anti-cancer agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112106. [PMID: 34482165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms provide a reliable source of bioactive compounds and have numerous nutritional values, which is one of the reasons why they are widely used for culinary purposes. They may also be a remedy for several medical conditions, including cancer diseases. Given the constantly increasing number of cancer incidents, the great anticancer potential of mushrooms has unsurprisingly become an object of interest to researchers. Therefore, this review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on the anti-cancer activity of mushroom extracts. Our research showed that mushroom extracts from 92 species, prepared using 12 different solvents, could reduce the viability of 38 various cancers. Additionally, we evaluated different experimental models: in vitro (cell model), in vivo (mice and rat model, case studies and randomized controlled trials), and in silico. Breast cancer proved to be sensitive to the highest number of mushroom extracts. The curative mechanisms of the studied mushrooms consisted in: inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, unregulated proportion of cells in cell cycle phases, induction of autophagy and phagocytosis, improved response of the immune system, and induction of apoptotic death of cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The processes mainly involved the expression of caspases -3, -8, -9, AKT, p27, p53, BAX, and BCL2. The quoted results could lead to the classification of mushrooms as nutraceuticals used to prevent a variety of disorders or to support treatment of cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Bielecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Konrad Mielcarek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Grabia
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Yang HL, Liu HW, Shrestha S, Thiyagarajan V, Huang HC, Hseu YC. Antrodia salmonea induces apoptosis and enhances cytoprotective autophagy in colon cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:15964-15989. [PMID: 34031264 PMCID: PMC8266357 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, Antrodia salmonea (AS), with antioxidant properties is familiar in Taiwan but anti-cancer activity of AS in human colon cancer is ambiguous. Hence, we explored the anti-cancer activity of AS in colon cancer cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay revealed that AS showed a remarkable effect on cell viability in colon cancer cells; SW620, HCT116, and HT29. Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) stained cells indicated that AS induced both early/late apoptosis in SW620 cells. Additionally, cells treated with AS induced caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) dysregulation. Microtubule- associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3B (LC3-II) accumulation, sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1) activation, autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase (ATG4B) inactivation, acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) formation, and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dysregulation revealed that AS-induced autophagy. Interestingly, cells pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) strengthened AS-induced caspase-3/apoptosis. Suppression of apoptosis by z-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) did not however block AS-induced autophagy, suggesting that autophagy was not attenuated by the AS-induced apoptosis. Application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented AS-induced cell death, caspase-3 activation, LC3-II accumulation, and AVOs formation, indicating that AS-induced apoptosis and autophagy was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, AS-induced cytoprotective autophagy and apoptosis through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascades. Moreover, in vivo data disclosed that AS inhibited colitis-associated tumorigenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice. For the first time, we report the anti-cancer properties of this potentially advantageous mushroom for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Liu
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Zhou L, Luo S, Li J, Zhou Y, Chen T, Feng S, Ding C. Simultaneous optimization of extraction and antioxidant activity from Blumea laciniata and the protective effect on Hela cells against oxidative damage. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Hu T, Zhang K, Pan D, Pan X, Yang H, Xiao J, Shen X, Luo P. Inhibition Effect of Dictyophora Polysaccharides on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HCC-LM3. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918870. [PMID: 32374722 PMCID: PMC7222657 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that polysaccharides have potential novel anti-cancer properties. Previously, we confirmed that Dictyophora polysaccharides could significantly inhibit liver transplantation tumors in mice. However, the mechanism of Dictyophora polysaccharide action on human liver cancer is unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of Dictyophora polysaccharide action on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, namely the effect on cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis, and on the apoptosis-related genes and proteins in vitro. Material/Methods The HCC-LM3 cell line was incubated with 2.5 mg/mL Dictyophora polysaccharides for 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell growth inhibition rate was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured with flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins was measured using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results The Dictyophora polysaccharides inhibited HCC-LM3 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner and blocked the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. In addition, Bax and caspase-3 expression were significantly increased after Dictyophora polysaccharides treatment. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published study on the mechanism of Dictyophora polysaccharide inhibition of HCC-LM3 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Kaiju Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guiyang, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Di Pan
- The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xueli Pan
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jiayan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Key Laboratory Environmental Pollution and Disease Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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Varela-Rodríguez L, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Hernández-Ramírez VI, Varela-Rodríguez H, Castellanos-Mijangos RD, González-Horta C, Chávez-Munguía B, Talamás-Rohana P. Effect of Gallic acid and Myricetin on ovarian cancer models: a possible alternative antitumoral treatment. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:110. [PMID: 32276584 PMCID: PMC7149887 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality among malignant gynecological tumors. Surgical resection and chemotherapy with intravenous platinum/taxanes drugs are the treatments of choice, with little effectiveness in later stages and severe toxicological effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of gallic acid (GA) and myricetin (Myr) administrated peritumorally in Nu/Nu mice xenotransplanted with SKOV-3 cells. Methods Biological activity of GA and MYR was evaluated in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells (ovarian adenocarcinomas) by confocal/transmission electron microscopy, PI-flow cytometry, H2-DCF-DA stain, MTT, and Annexin V/PI assays. Molecular targets of compounds were determined with ACD/I-Labs and SEA. Antineoplastic activity was performed in SKOV-3 cells subcutaneously xenotransplanted into female Nu/Nu mice treated peritumorally with 50 mg/kg of each compound (2 alternate days/week) for 28 days. Controls used were paclitaxel (5 mg/kg) and 20 μL of vehicle (0.5% DMSO in 1X PBS). Tumor lesions, organs and sera were evaluated with NMR, USG, histopathological, and paraclinical studies. Results In vitro studies showed a decrease of cell viability with GA and Myr in SKOV-3 (50 and 166 μg/mL) and OVCAR-3 (43 and 94 μg/mL) cells respectively, as well as morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction due to ROS generation (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). In silico studies suggest that GA and MYR could interact with carbonic anhydrase IX and PI3K, respectively. In vivo studies revealed inhibitory effects on tumor lesions development with GA and MYR up to 50% (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA), with decreased vascularity, necrotic/fibrotic areas, neoplastic stroma retraction and apoptosis. However, toxicological effects were observed with GA treatment, such as leukocyte infiltrate and hepatic parenchyma loss, hypertransaminasemia (ALT: 150.7 ± 25.60 U/L), and hypoazotemia (urea: 33.4 ± 7.4 mg/dL), due to the development of chronic hepatitis (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Conclusion GA and Myr (50 mg/kg) administered by peritumoral route, inhibit ovarian tumor lesions development in rodents with some toxicological effects. Additional studies will be necessary to find the appropriate therapeutic dose for GA. Therefore, GA and Myr could be considered as a starting point for the development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Varela-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico
| | - Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Varela-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Complejidad Molecular y Desarrollo, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León Km. 9.6, C.P, 36824, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Daniel Castellanos-Mijangos
- Centro Médico ISSEMyM "Arturo Montiel Rojas", Av. Baja Velocidad No. 284, Carretera México-Toluca Km 57.5, Col. San Jerónimo Chicahualco, C.P. 52170, Metepec, Edo. Mex, Mexico
| | - Carmen González-Horta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Varela-Rodríguez L, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Rodríguez-Reyna IS, Ordaz-Ortiz JJ, Chávez-Flores D, Salas-Muñoz E, Osorio-Trujillo JC, Ramos-Martínez E, Talamás-Rohana P. Biological and toxicological evaluation of Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae) used traditionally in mexico against cancer. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:153. [PMID: 31262287 PMCID: PMC6604276 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae) (RHTR) is a plant of Mexico that is traditionally used as an alternative treatment for several types of cancer. However, the phytochemical composition and potential toxicity of this plant have not been evaluated to support its therapeutic use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of RHTR against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, determine its possible acute toxicity, and analyze its phytochemical composition. Methods The traditional preparation was performed by decoction of stems in distilled water (aqueous extract, AE), and flavonoids were concentrated with C18-cartridges and ethyl acetate (flavonoid fraction, FF). The biological activity was evaluated by MTT viability curves and the TUNEL assay in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2), ovarian epithelium (CHO-K1) and lung/bronchus epithelium (BEAS-2B) cells. The toxicological effect was determined in female BALB/c mice after 24 h and 14 days of intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg AE and FF, respectively. Later, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological observation of organs and sera obtained by retro-orbital bleeding for biochemical marker analysis. Finally, the phytochemical characterization of AE and FF was conducted by UPLC-MSE. Results In the MTT assays, AE and FF at 5 and 18 μg/mL decreased the viability of CACO-2 cells compared with cells treated with vehicle or normal cells (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA), with changes in cell morphology and the induction of apoptosis. Anatomical and histological analysis of organs did not reveal important pathological lesions at the time of assessment. Additionally, biochemical markers remained normal and showed no differences from those of the control group after 24 h and 14 days of treatment (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Finally, UPLC-MSE analysis revealed 173 compounds in AE-RHTR, primarily flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolic acids. The most abundant compounds in AE and FF were quercetin and myricetin derivates (glycosides), methyl gallate, epigallocatechin-3-cinnamate, β-PGG, fisetin and margaric acid, which might be related to the anticancer properties of RHTR. Conclusion RHTR exhibits biological activity against cancer cells and does not present adverse toxicological effects during its in vivo administration, supporting its traditional use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2566-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hseu YC, Huang YC, Thiyagarajan V, Mathew DC, Lin KY, Chen SC, Liu JY, Hsu LS, Li ML, Yang HL. Anticancer activities of chalcone flavokawain B from Alpinia pricei Hayata in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells via induction of reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17514-17526. [PMID: 30847898 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones found in fruits and vegetables have promising cancer chemopreventive properties. This study attempts to identify the anticancer efficacies of chalcone flavokawain B (FKB) in the rhizomes of Alpinia pricei Hayata by examining key molecular events in non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) cells. Our results indicated that in human A549 cells, FKB (0-15 μg/ml) decreases cell viability and colony formation, dysregulates the Bax:B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio and increases apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Mitochondrial (caspase-9/-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase [PARP]) signaling was found to be involved in FKB-induced apoptosis. In addition, FKB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and N-acetylcysteine attenuated FKB-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, FKB triggered autophagy, as evidenced by the improved acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipidated light chain 3 (microtubule-related light chain 3) accumulation, and ATG7 expression and the decreased mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation. Furthermore, FKB suppressed ROS-mediated ATG4B expression. Inhibiting autophagy using 3-methyladenine/chloroquine diminished FKB-induced cell death, indicating that autophagy is triggered as a death mechanism by FKB. In summary, FKB has a crucial role in the execution and propagation of ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Liu YC, El-Shazly M, Wu TY, Chang JG, Wu YC. Antrodia cinnamomea, a Treasured Medicinal Mushroom, Induces Growth Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells, T47D Cells: New Mechanisms Emerge. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E833. [PMID: 30769922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported cases of breast cancer have skyrocketed in the last decades with recent advances in examination techniques. Brest cancer has become the second leading cause of mortality among women worldwide, urging the scientific community to develop or find new drugs from natural sources with potent activity and a reasonable safety profile to tackle this ailment. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a treasured medicinal fungus which has attracted attention due to its potent hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities. We evaluated the antiproliferative activity of the ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC (EEAC) on breast cancer cells (T47D cells) in vivo and in vitro. Ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC inhibited T47D cells' proliferation mediated by cell cycle arrest at G1 phase as well induced autophagy. Immunoblotting assay confirmed that EEAC not only decreased the expression of the cell-cycle-related proteins but also increased the expression of transcription factor FOXO1, autophagic marker LC3 II, and p62. Ethanol extract of artificially cultured AC mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the expression of IRE1 (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α), GRP78/Bip (glucose regulating protein 78), and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein). Apart from previous studies, HDACs (histone deacetylases) activity was inhibited as demonstrated by a cell-free system, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assays following EEAC treatment. The in vivo studies demonstrated that EEAC decreased tumor volume and inhibited tumor growth without any significant side effects. High performance liquid chromatography profile demonstrated similar triterpenoids compared to the profile of wild AC ethanol extract. The multiple targets of EEAC on breast cancer cells suggested that this extract may be developed as a potential dietary supplement targeting this debilitating disease.
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Hseu YC, Shen YC, Kao MC, Mathew DC, Karuppaiya P, Li ML, Yang HL. Ganoderma tsugae induced ROS-independent apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:30-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yang HL, Lin RW, Karuppaiya P, Mathew DC, Way TD, Lin HC, Lee CC, Hseu YC. Induction of autophagic cell death in human ovarian carcinoma cells by Antrodia salmonea through increased reactive oxygen species generation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10747-10760. [PMID: 30584666 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We reported in our previously executed studies that the fermented culture broth of Antrodia salmonea (AS), a mushroom used in Taiwanese folk medicine induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in human ovarian carcinoma cells. In this study, we studied the anticancer efficacies of AS (0-240 μg/ml) by examining the key molecular events implicated in cell death associated with autophagy in SKOV-3 and A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and clarified the fundamental molecular mechanisms. Treatment of ovarian carcinoma cells with AS-induced autophagic cell death mediated by increased microtubule-associated protein LC3-II, GFP-LC3 puncta, and acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) formation. These events are linked with the activation of p62/SQSTM1, the inhibition of ATG4B, the expression of ATG7, and the dysregulation of Beclin-1/Bcl-2 (i.e., B-cell lymphoma 2). N-acetylcysteine inhibited AS-induced ROS generation, which in turn constricted AS-induced LC3 conversion, AVO formation, and ATG4B inhibition, indicating ROS-mediated autophagy cell death. In addition, the 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ)-induced autophagy inhibition decreased AS-induced apoptosis. Additionally, apoptosis inhibition by Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, substantially suppressed AS-induced autophagy. Furthermore, AS-inhibited HER-2/ neu and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways which were reversed by autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and CQ. Thus, A. salmonea is a potential chemopreventive agent that is capable of activating ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in ovarian carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Wan Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Palaniyandi Karuppaiya
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hseu YC, Lin YC, Rajendran P, Thigarajan V, Mathew DC, Lin KY, Way TD, Liao JW, Yang HL. Antrodia salmonea suppresses invasion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by reversing EMT through the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:219-230. [PMID: 30529123 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia salonea (AS), a fungus that is indigenous to Taiwan has been well known for its anti-cancer properties. We investigated the anti-metastatic and anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties of AS in TNBC cells. To determine their EMT and metastasis levels, in vitro wound healing, wound invasion, Western blotting, RT-PCR, luciferase activity and immunofluorescence assays were performed, while the in vivo anti-metastatic efficacy of AS was evaluated in BALB/c-nu mice through bioluminescence imaging, HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining. MDA-MB-231 cells, when treated with AS concentrations (25-100 μg/mL) resulted in significant reduction of invasion and migration as well as the downregulation of VEGF, uPAR, uPA and MMP-9 (inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NFκB pathways). AS treatment prevented morphological changes and reversed EMT through the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin, Slug, Twist, and Vimentin. Inhibition of Smad3 signaling pathway, downregulation of β-catenin pathway and upregulation of GSK3β expression were also observed while, suppression of metastasis and EMT in TGF-β1-stimulated non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells was observed when treated with AS. Histological analysis confirmed that AS reduced tumor metastasis and upregulated E-cadherin expression in biopsied lung tissues. Our results indicated that AS exhibits anti-EMT and anti-metastatic activity, that could contribute to develop anticancer drugs against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thigarajan
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Yang HL, Lin RW, Rajendran P, Mathew DC, Thigarajan V, Lee CC, Hsu CJ, Hseu YC. Antrodia salmonea-induced oxidative stress abrogates HER-2 signaling cascade and enhanced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3029-3042. [PMID: 30146791 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus and has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, the anticancer activity of A. salmonea against human ovarian cancer is still elusive. Therefore, we investigated the antiovarian tumor activity of a fermented culture broth of A. salmonea and exhibits its underlying molecular mechanism. A. salmonea shows a significant effect on cell viability in human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3 or A2780) cell lines with an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells and annexin V-propidium iodide stained cells indicate that A. salmonea induces late apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. Notably, treatment with A. salmonea induced the following events: Apoptosis; caspase-3, -8, -9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation; first apoptosis signal (Fas) and Fas ligand activation; Bid cleavage; and Bax2-B-cell lymphoma 2 dysregulation. The results show that A. salmonea-induced apoptosis was mediated by both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. An increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed in A. salmonea-treated cells, whereas the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented A. salmonea-induced cell death and DNA fragmentation, indicating that A. salmonea-induced apoptosis was mediated by ROS generation. Interestingly, A. salmonea-induced apoptosis is associated with the suppression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) expression in HER-2/neu overexpressing SKOV-3 cells. NAC significantly prevented A. salmonea-induced HER-2/neu depletion and PI3K/AKT inactivation, indicating that A. salmonea-triggered apoptosis is mediated by ROS-inhibited HER-2/neu signaling cascades. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the anticancer activity of this potentially beneficial mushroom against human ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Wan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thigarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li XM, Luo XG, He JF, Wang N, Zhou H, Yang PL, Zhang TC. Induction of apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells by active compounds from Hypericum ascyron L. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3944-3950. [PMID: 29556280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum ascyron L. (Great St. Johnswort), which belongs to the Hypericaceae family, has been used for the treatment of hematemesis, metrorrhagia, rheumatism, swelling, stomach ache, abscesses, dysentery and irregular menstruation for >2,000 years in China. The aim of the present study was to clarify the anticancer activity compounds from H. ascyron L. and the underlying molecular mechanism. Anticancer activity of H. ascyron L. extract was evaluated using an MTT assay. To confirm the anticancer mechanism of activity compounds, Hoechst 33258, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, rhodamine 123 staining and caspase-3 activity analysis were performed. The results demonstrated that the anti-proliferative action of the mixture of kaempferol 3-O-β-(2″-acetyl) galactopyranoside (K) and quercetin (Q) (molar ratio, 1:1) was significantly increased compared with either of these two compounds separately, and the active fraction of the H. ascyron L. extract |(HALE). HALE, indicating that the anti-proliferative function of H. ascyron L. may be a synergic effect of K and Q. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of KQ on the growth of HeLa cells was mediated by the induction of apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify that KQ exhibits significant anti-proliferation activity on HeLa cells via the apoptotic pathway, and is also the first to evaluate the anticancer potential of H. ascyron L. The results of the present study may provide a rational base for the use of H. ascyron L. in the clinic, and shed light on the development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of The Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of The Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Hebei 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of The Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Hebei 300457, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of The Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Hebei 300457, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of The Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Hebei 300457, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of The Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of The Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Hebei 300457, P.R. China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Li XM, Liu J, Pan FF, Shi DD, Wen ZG, Yang PL. Quercetin and aconitine synergistically induces the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191062. [PMID: 29324796 PMCID: PMC5764366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Up till now, studies have not been conducted on how the combination of Quercetin (Q), Aconitine (A) and apoptosis induction affects human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. The result of our findings shows that the combination of Q and A (QA) is capable of synergistically inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cells in a number of concentrations. QA synergistically inhibits the proliferation of MDR1 gene in the HeLa cells. It is concluded based on our result that QA induces apoptosis and ER stress just as QA-induced ER stress pathway may mediate apoptosis by upregulating mRNA expression levels of eIF2α, ATF4, IRE1, XBP1, ATF6, PERK and CHOP in the HeLa cells. The up-regulating of mRNA expression level of GRP78 and activation of UPR are a molecular basis of QA-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Pan
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Dong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Hseu YC, Tsai TJ, Korivi M, Liu JY, Chen HJ, Lin CM, Shen YC, Yang HL. Antitumor properties of Coenzyme Q 0 against human ovarian carcinoma cells via induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8062. [PMID: 28808311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) has been reported to exert anticancer properties against human breast/lung cancer cells. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of CoQ0 on human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cells and xenografted nude mice, and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism. CoQ0 induced G2/M arrest through downregulation of cyclin B1/A and CDK1/K2 expressions. CoQ0-induced autophagy as a survival mechanism was evidenced by increased accumulation of LC3-II, GFP-LC3 puncta, AVOs formation and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Increased TUNEL-positive cells and Annexin-V/PI stained cells indicated CoQ0-induced late apoptosis. Both mitochondrial (caspase-3, PARP and Bax/Bcl-2 dysregulation) and ER stress (caspase-12 and Hsp70) signals are involved in execution of apoptosis. Interestingly, CoQ0-induced apoptosis/autophagy is associated with suppression of HER-2/neu and PI3K/AKT signalling cascades. CoQ0 triggered intracellular ROS production, whereas antioxidant N-acetylcysteine prevented CoQ0-induced apoptosis, but not autophagy. Inhibition of apoptosis by Z-VAD-FMK suppressed CoQ0-induced autophagy (diminished LC3-II/AVOs), indicates CoQ0-induced apoptosis led to evoke autophagy. Contrary, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA/CQ potentiated CoQ0-induced apoptosis (increased DNA fragmentation/PARP cleavage). Furthermore, CoQ0 treatment to SKOV-3 xenografted nude mice reduced tumor incidence and burden. Histopathological analyses confirmed that CoQ0 modulated xenografted tumor progression by apoptosis induction. Our findings emphasize that CoQ0 triggered ROS-mediated apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy.
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Chang CT, Korivi M, Huang HC, Thiyagarajan V, Lin KY, Huang PJ, Liu JY, Hseu YC, Yang HL. Inhibition of ROS production, autophagy or apoptosis signaling reversed the anticancer properties of Antrodia salmonea in triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chang CT, Hseu YC, Thiyagarajan V, Huang HC, Hsu LS, Huang PJ, Liu JY, Liao JW, Yang HL. Antrodia salmonea induces G 2 cell-cycle arrest in human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 196:9-19. [PMID: 27986611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia salmonea (AS), is a well-known folk medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the effects of AS on cell-cycle arrest in vitro in MDA-MB-231 cells and on tumor regression in vivo using an athymic nude mice model. RESULTS AS (0-200μg/mL) treatment significantly induced G2 cell-cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing the levels of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cyclin E, and CDC2 proteins. In addition, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment prevented AS induced G2 cell-cycle arrest, indicating that ROS accumulation and subsequent cell cycle arrest might be a major mechanism of AS-induced cytotoxicity. Further, AS treatment decreased COX-2 expression and induced PARP cleavage was significantly reversed by NAC pretreatment in MDA-MB-231 cells. The in vivo study results revealed that AS treatment was effective in terms of delaying the tumor incidence and reducing the tumor growth in MDA-MB-231-xenografted nude mice. TUNEL assay, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting confirmed that AS significantly modulated the xenografted tumor progression as demonstrated by induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell-cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that Antrodia salmonea could be an anti-cancer agent for human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ting Chang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics,Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Cosmeceutics,Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Eroğlu C, Seçme M, Atmaca P, Kaygusuz O, Gezer K, Bağcı G, Dodurga Y. Extract of Calvatia gigantea inhibits proliferation of A549 human lung cancer cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2075-81. [PMID: 26820971 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, in order to investigate the anticancer mechanism of Calvatia gigantea extract, edible mushroom species, which belong to Lycoperdaceae family, changes of CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, p21, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were evaluated in A549 lung cancer cells. Cytotoxic effect of C. gigantea extract was evaluated by using XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5 carboxanilide). The C. gigantea extract was treated in a time and dose dependent manner within the range 25 μg/ml-2 mg/ml to determine the IC50 dose. IC50 dose for C. gigantea extract was detected as 500 μg/ml for 72 h. According to expression results, while CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression clearly decreased, Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression clearly increased in the dose group cells (A549 cells treated with 500 μg/ml dose of C. gigantea extract for 72 h). However, there was no change in p21 expression. C. gigantea extract induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the CCND1, CCND2, CDK4, Akt and Bcl-2 expression and by increasing Bax, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in A549 cells. Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms heavily used because of their supposedly anticancer effect. Many mushroom species have been used for medical purposes, as a result of also having many effects such as antibiotic, antiviral and anticancer effects. It is thought that the C. gigantea extract may be a significant agent for treatment of lung cancer as a single agent or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Eroğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kınıklı/Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Mücahit Seçme
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kınıklı/Denizli, Turkey
| | - Pelin Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Kaygusuz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kutret Gezer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Bağcı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kınıklı/Denizli, Turkey
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26
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Chen P, Wang B, Pan B, Guo W. Resveratrol-4‑O-D‑(2'-galloyl)-glucopyranoside exerts an anticancer effect on leukemia cells via inducing apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2281-6. [PMID: 26781500 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effects of resveratrol‑4‑O‑D-(2'‑galloyl)-glucopyranoside (REG) on leukemia and the mechanism underlying its effects. Three leukemia cell lines (HL‑60, Jurkat and U937) were used in this study. A Cell Counting kit‑8 assay was performed to evaluate the anti‑proliferative activity of REG on leukemia cell lines, and flow cytometric analysis was used to detect REG‑induced apoptosis. In addition, western blot analysis was conducted to detect the levels of apoptosis‑related proteins including, cytochrome c, cleaved (c)‑caspases‑3 and ‑9, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated protein x (Bax). Finally, a HL‑60 cell xenograft model in nude mice was used to evaluate the antitumor effect of REG on leukemia in vivo. The present results indicated that REG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HL‑60, Jurkat and U937 cell lines in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 38.4, 49.1 and 48.2 µg/ml for HL‑60, Jurkat and U937 cells, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that REG can induce the apoptosis of HL‑60 cells, as well as increase the levels of cytochrome c, c‑caspases‑3 and ‑9, and Bax, as well as downregulate the expression of Bcl‑2. In vivo, REG was found to possess a marked anticancer effect on leukemia. In combination, the present results indicated that REG exerts significant anticancer effects on leukemia in vivo and in vitro through the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Navanesan S, Abdul Wahab N, Manickam S, Sim KS. Leptospermum flavescens Constituent-LF1 Causes Cell Death through the Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135995. [PMID: 26287817 PMCID: PMC4546061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospermum flavescens Sm. (Myrtaceae), locally known as 'Senna makki' is a smallish tree that is widespread and recorded to naturally occur in the montane regions above 900 m a.s.l from Burma to Australia. Although the species is recorded to be used traditionally to treat various ailments, there is limited data on biological and chemical investigations of L. flavescens. The aim of the present study was to investigate and understand the ability of L. flavescens in inducing cell death in lung cancer cells. The cytotoxic potentials of the extraction yields (methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate and water extracts as wells as a semi pure fraction, LF1) were evaluated against two human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines (A549 and NCI-H1299) using the MTT assay. LF1 showed the greatest cytotoxic effect against both cell lines with IC50 values of 7.12 ± 0.07 and 9.62 ± 0.50 μg/ml respectively. LF1 treated cells showed a sub-G1 region in the cell cycle analysis and also caused the presence of apoptotic morphologies in cells stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Treatment with LF1 manifested an apoptotic population in cells that were evaluated using the Annexin V/ propidium iodide assay. Increasing dosage of LF1 caused a rise in the presence of activated caspase-3 enzymes in treated cells. Blockage of cell cycle progression was also observed in LF1-treated cells. These findings suggest that LF1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in treated lung cancer cells. Further studies are being conducted to isolate and identify the active compound as well to better understand the mechanism involved in inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suerialoasan Navanesan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhanom Abdul Wahab
- Biology Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sugumaran Manickam
- Rimba Ilmu Botanic Garden, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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