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Zhao J, Fan Y, Cheng Z, Kennelly EJ, Long C. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and bioactivities of Cymbopogon plants: A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118181. [PMID: 38608798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon (Poaceae) plants have been used for various purposes by many indigenous peoples in all continents. In particular, almost all species in the genus have traditionally been used as folk medicine to treat ailments. Traditional application records indicated that Cymbopogon might be used extensively to treat cold, dizziness, headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, rheumatism, diarrhea, whole grass for cold, sore throat, tracheitis and others. AIMS OF THE REVIEW Despite several research confirmed that Cymbopogon includes a range of active components, no review has been undertaken to consolidate information on its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and/or quality control. Thus this article aims to update a comprehensive review about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, cultivation techniques, economic benefits, trade, threats, and future conservation implications of Cymbopogon species. It may provide informative data for future development and further investigation of this important plant group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Traditional medicinal books and ethnomedicinal publications related to Cymbopogon from 1992 to 2023 were collated to investigate its ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological information. The online databases including Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer Link, PubMed, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, and WanFang Database were screened. RESULTS Cymbopogon (Gramineae or Poaceae) plants have been grown worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine and other medicinal systems believes that Cymbopogon has the effect of relieve a cough, analgesia, treating dizziness, traumatic injury and can relieve abdominal pain. A total of 153 compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acid and other compounds were isolated or identified from Cymbopogon species by phytochemical studies. The extracts or compounds from Cymbopogon have exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antineoplastic, antiarrhythmic, antidiabetic and other activities. The rich contents of citronellal, citronellol and geraniol found in Cymbopogon also provide significant nutritional benefits. CONCLUSION Based on their traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities, Cymbopogon plants are potential medicinal and edible resources with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to various advantages of this group, they possess huge application potential in food and pharmaceutical industries, and animal husbandry. Among them, citronella is very important in terms of economic development. Further comprehensive research to evaluate the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon species will be necessary for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanxiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Akhigbe RE, Afolabi OA, Ajayi AF. L-Arginine reverses maternal and pre-pubertal codeine exposure-induced sexual dysfunction via upregulation of androgen receptor gene and NO/cGMP signaling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274411. [PMID: 36099318 PMCID: PMC9469994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Although codeine has been reported to enhance sexual activity by improving penile reflexes, it has been shown to impair fertility indices. Also, codeine impairs ovarian steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis. Nonetheless, whether or not codeine exerts an epigenetic effect remains unclear. On the other hand, arginine has been speculated to enhance penile reflexes by upregulating NO/cGMP Signaling.
Aim
The study evaluated the effect of maternal codeine exposure and prepubertal codeine and arginine treatments on F1 male sexual function and fertility indices, as well as the outcome of F2 progenies. In addition, the epigenetic programming mechanism was also explored.
Methods
Forty three-week-old female rats were randomized into two groups (n = 20 rats/group); the control that received 0.5 ml of distilled water and the codeine-treated that received 5 mg/kg of codeine via gavage for eight weeks. Afterward, the female rats were paired for mating with sexually mature male rats. Rats were maintained on their pre-pregnancy treatments throughout pregnancy and lactation. FI progenies from each cohort (control and codeine-treated cohorts) were weaned at three weeks and randomized into four groups; the control, codeine-treated, L-arginine-treated (300mg/kg), and codeine + L-arginine-treated (n = 10 rats/group). Administration commenced a week post-weaning and lasted for eight weeks via gavage.
Key findings
Maternal codeine exposure did not alter body weight, but significantly reduced anogenital distance and anogenital index of F1 male offspring. Also, maternal codeine delayed preputial membrane separation, impaired male sexual competence, and penile reflexes of F1 male offsprings. These were associated with reduced dopamine, gonadotropins, and testosterone levels as well as suppressed expression of androgen receptor mRNA. In addition, maternal codeine downregulated NO/cGMP signaling, impaired fertility indices, and reduced the litter size, weight, and survival of F2 progenies. These alterations were observed to be aggravated by prepubertal codeine exposure but improved by prepubertal arginine treatment.
Significance
In conclusion, codeine programmed sexual dysfunction by suppressing the levels of dopamine and testosterone, as well as repressing the expression of androgen receptor mRNA. In addition, codeine-induced epigenetic reprogramming was expressed in the F2 offsprings as reduced litter size and weight, and survival rate. Notably, these observations were worsened by prepubertal codeine exposure, but dampened by prepubertal arginine treatment.
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Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Peng Y, Gu T, Zhong T, Xiao Y, Sun Q. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disorders: Opposite Roles of Phytochemicals and Food Contaminants. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ansari P, Choudhury ST, Seidel V, Rahman AB, Aziz MA, Richi AE, Rahman A, Jafrin UH, Hannan JMA, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin in the Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081146. [PMID: 36013325 PMCID: PMC9409999 DOI: 10.3390/life12081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is spreading alarmingly around the globe. Type-2 DM (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance and is closely linked to obesity. T2DM is mainly controlled by lifestyle/dietary changes and oral antidiabetic drugs but requires insulin in severe cases. Many of the drugs that are currently used to treat DM are costly and present adverse side effects. Several cellular, animal, and clinical studies have provided compelling evidence that flavonoids have therapeutic potential in the management of diabetes and its complications. Quercetin is a flavonoid, present in various natural sources, which has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties. It improves oral glucose tolerance, as well as pancreatic β-cell function to secrete insulin. It inhibits the α-glucosidase and DPP-IV enzymes, which prolong the half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Quercetin also suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mode(s) of action of quercetin at the molecular level. This review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of quercetin in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-132-387-9720
| | - Samara T. Choudhury
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Akib Bin Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Anika E. Richi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Ayesha Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - Umme H. Jafrin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (A.B.R.); (M.A.A.); (A.E.R.); (A.R.); (U.H.J.); (J.M.A.H.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
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Oyetayo FL, Akomolafe SF, Jegede FO, Elekofehinti OO, Akinjiyan MO, Odeniyi IA. Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp powder on antioxidant and proinflammatory genes in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1663-74. [PMID: 34900818 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or dysfunction. The imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants known as oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications associated with DM. Chrysophyllum albidum is a seasonal fruit found to be rich in natural antioxidants. Methods DM was induced by high-fat diet dietary supplementation for 14 days followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Thirty-five experimental rats were then divided into seven groups viz.: non-diabetic control; diabetic control; metformin; diabetic and non-diabetic fed with 5 and 10% C. albidum fruit pulp powder (CAFPP). Fasting blood glucose was done with an automatic auto-analyzer and weights were monitored at three-day intervals. The expressions of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GST, TNF-α, DPP4, and insulin were investigated using RT-PCR. Schrödinger suites was used for docking of C. albidum phytocompounds with insulin. Results Diabetic rats fed with CAFPP for thirteen days have their blood glucose lowered significantly (p < 0.05) and gained weight compared to diabetic control. CAFPP significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated Nrf2, CAT, GST, SOD, and insulin genes expression in the diabetic group relative to diabetic control with concomitant down-regulation of TNF-α and DPP4 genes expression. Molecular docking of compounds previously characterized from C. albidum revealed that they are potent ligands of insulin receptors. Conclusion The study revealed that CAFPP could be effective in the management of DM-related oxidative stress by up-regulating antioxidant and down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes expression. It also positively modulates genes associated with glucose metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00921-0.
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Elekofehinti OO, Ayodele OC, Iwaloye O. Momordica charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic-induced rats: gene expression study. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mitochondria dysfunction is one of the clinical features of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a hallmark of insulin resistance (IR). This study investigates the therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia nanoparticles on mitochondria biogenesis in diabetic-induced rats. Forty-two adult wistar rats (average weight of 189 ± 10.32) were grouped as follows: STZ (65 mg/kg), control group, STZ + silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), STZ + M. charantia silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), STZ + metformin (100 mg/kg), and STZ + M. charantia aqueous extract (100 mg/kg). DM was induced intraperitoneal using freshly prepared solution of STZ (65 mg/kg), and rats with fasting blood sugar (FBS) above 250 mg/dl after 72 h of induction were considered diabetic. Treatment started after the third day of induction and lasted for 11 days. Effect of M. charantia nanoparticles on glucose level and pancreatic expression of genes involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1α, AMPK, GSK-3β, PPARϒ), inflammation (IL-1B, TNFα) and glucose sensitivity (PI3K, AKT, PTEN Insulin and Glut2) were quantified using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results
The results showed that M. charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis, glucose sensitivity and reverse inflammation in the pancreas of diabetes rat model through upregulation of PGC-1α, AMPK, PPARϒ, AKT, Insulin and Glut2 mRNA expression and downregulation of GSK-3β, PI3K, IL-1B and TNFα mRNA expression in the pancreas of diabetic rats.
Conclusion
This study thus concludes that M. charantia nanoparticles may provide effective therapeutics against mitochondria dysfunction in the pancreas of diabetic model.
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Elekofehinti OO, Adewumi NA, Iwaloye O. Antidiabetic potential of Chromolaena Odorata leave extract and its effect on Nrf2/keap1 antioxidant pathway in the liver of diabetic-induced Wistar Rats. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM). [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Malar DS, Sharika R, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C, Tencomnao T, Prasansuklab A. Role of Herbal Teas in Regulating Cellular Homeostasis and Autophagy and Their Implications in Regulating Overall Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:2162. [PMID: 34201882 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide, and possesses numerous potential health benefits. Herbal teas are well-known to contain an abundance of polyphenol antioxidants and other ingredients, thereby implicating protection and treatment against various ailments, and maintaining overall health in humans, although their mechanisms of action have not yet been fully identified. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism present in organisms that maintains basal cellular homeostasis and is essential in mediating the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which could be attributed to the imbalance in the level of autophagy, presents a considerable challenge in the healthcare industry. Natural medicine stands as an effective, safe, and economical alternative in balancing autophagy and maintaining homeostasis. Tea is a part of the diet for many people, and it could mediate autophagy as well. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of popular herbal teas’ health-promoting and disease healing properties and in-depth information on their relation to autophagy and its related signaling molecules. The present review sheds more light on the significance of herbal teas in regulating autophagy, thereby improving overall health.
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Liu Y, Chen DQ, Han JX, Zhao TT, Li SJ. A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6667791. [PMID: 34055995 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6667791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the main pathological manifestation of end-stage renal disease. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis and development of RIF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as an effective treatment for kidney diseases, can improve kidney damage by affecting the apoptotic signaling pathway mediated by ER stress. This article reviews the apoptotic pathways mediated by ER stress, including the three major signaling pathways of unfolded protein response, the main functions of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein. We also present current research on TCM treatment of RIF, focusing on medicines that regulate ER stress. A new understanding of using TCM to treat kidney disease by regulating ER stress will promote clinical application of Chinese medicine and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of RIF.
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Zhu W, Zhang R, Liu S, Tian J, Lv X, Yu F, Xin H. The effect of nanoparticles of cobalt-chromium on human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1966-1979. [PMID: 33959985 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in stent technology for vascular interventions, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a main complication. The corrosion of cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy coronary stents has been identified to be associated with ISR, whereas its role in ISR has not been elucidated. In the current work, CoCr nanoparticles, simulated corrosion products of CoCr alloy, were used to investigate their effect on the endothelial cells. It has been demonstrated that the cell viability declines and the cell membrane is damaged, indicating the cytotoxicity of CoCr nanoparticles. The expression of GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved-caspase12 proteins has increased when exposed to CoCr nanoparticles, suggesting that CoCr nanoparticles induced cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptotic pathway. An increased release of adhesion and inflammatory mediators was also induced by CoCr nanoparticles, including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Our results demonstrated that CoCr nanoparticles could trigger apoptosis, adhesion, and inflammation. These findings indicated potential damaging effects of CoCr nanoparticles on the vascular endothelium, which suggested corrosion of CoCr alloy may promote the progression and development of ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobing Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhu S, Aspera-Werz RH, Chen T, Weng W, Braun B, Histing T, Nüssler AK. Maqui berry extract prevents cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in human osteoblasts in vitro. EXCLI J 2021; 20:281-296. [PMID: 33628164 PMCID: PMC7898044 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress which can be induced by cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with an altered osteoblast differentiation, and an inhibition of the mineralization process. Therefore, treatments focusing on reducing oxidative stress in osteoblasts could be a potential therapy supporting bone formation. Maqui berry extract (MBE) is the richest natural source of delphinidins with high antioxidant activity. In the present study, we pre-/ co-/ post-incubated MBE in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-affected human osteoblasts (hOBs), to investigate the effects of MBE as an antioxidant on hOBs. Our results clearly showed that high concentrations of MBE are toxic for hOBs, while physiological concentrations of MBE have no negative effects in vitro. Physiological concentrations of MBE can reduce oxidative stress caused by CSE in hOBs by activating the antioxidative regulator Nrf2 and its regulated antioxidative enzymes. Moreover, the physiological concentration of MBE prevents the detrimental effects of CSE-induced oxidative damage on hOBs by increasing cell viability, differentiation capability and matrix mineralization. Pre-incubation with MBE showed a positive effect on the activation of the cellular antioxidant system in hOBs. Thus, we conclude that MBE at physiological concentrations can effectively protect osteoblasts from oxidative stress-induced damage by activating the cells' antioxidative defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhu
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina H Aspera-Werz
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Weidong Weng
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Braun
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, BG Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Elekofehinti OO, Oyedokun VO, Iwaloye O, Lawal AO, Ejelonu OC. Momordica charantia silver nanoparticles modulate S OCS/JAK/STAT and P13K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:245-260. [PMID: 34178835 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) marked by gradual progressive loss of renal function. SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways are among the chain of interactions implicated in the onset, progression and pathology of DN. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is often used in folk medicine as therapy for DM due to its hypoglycemic properties. This study was designed to evaluate M. charantia silver nanoparticles' therapeutic effect on DN-induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in Wistar rats. Methods The M. charantia nanoparticles used was synthesized using the filtrate from the plant methanolic extract added to 1 mM concentration of aqueous silver nitrate. DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). The animals' treatment groups were divided into; Diabetic control (65 mg/kg STZ), Control, and groups treated with silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), and plant extract (100 mg/kg). Treatment was terminated after 11 days. RT-PCR determined renal mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, PTEN, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS3, SOCS4 and glucokinase (GCK). Consequently, characterized compounds from M. charantia identified from literatures were docked with PI3K, JAK2 and TGF-β and STAT3 to retrieve potential hits. Results Oral administration of M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) to STZ-induced diabetic untreated rats significantly ((p < 0.05) down-regulated the mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3 and upregulated the mRNA expression of PTEN, SOCS3 and SOCS4, thus establishing the role of M. charantia nanoparticles in alleviating DN in diabetic rats. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of glucose metabolizing gene (glucokinase) upon administering M. charantia nanoparticles. Molecular docking results showed 12 compounds from bitter melon with docking score ranging from -6.114 kcal/mol to -8.221 kcal/mol that are likely to exert anti-diabetic properties. Conclusion Observation drawn from this study suggests that M. charantia nanoparticles ameliorate DN through regulation of SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Victor Oluwatoyin Oyedokun
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Oluwamodupe Cecilia Ejelonu
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria
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