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Liu Y, Li M, Fu X, Zhang Y, Tang C. An integrated strategy of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPTLC/PAD-DESI-MSI for the analysis of chemical variations: A case study of Tibetan medicine Tiebangchui. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100907. [PMID: 38634064 PMCID: PMC11022095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, 620010, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, 620010, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, Sichuan, 620010, China
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Zhong D, Kang L, Liu J, Li X, Zhou L, Huang L, Qiu Z. Development of sequential online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for accurate authentication of highly-similar Atractylodis Macrocephalae. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113681. [PMID: 38129026 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and rapid authentication techniques and strategies for highly-similar foods are still lacking. Herein, a novel sequential online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (S-oEESI-MS) was developed to achieve spatio-temporally resolved ionization and comprehensive characterization of complex foods with multi-components (high, medium, and low polarity substances). Meanwhile, a characteristic marker screening method and an integrated research strategy based on MS fingerprinting, characteristic marker and chemometrics modeling were established, which are especially suitable for the accurate and rapid authentication of highly-similar foods that are difficult to be authenticated by traditional techniques (e.g., LC-MS). Thirty-two batches of highly-similar Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome from four different origins were used as model samples. As a result, S-oEESI-MS enabled a more comprehensive MS characterization of substance profiles in complex plant samples in 1.0 min. Further, 22 characteristic markers of Atractylodis macrocephalae were ingeniously screened out and combined with multivariate statistical analysis model, the accurate authentication of highly-similar Atractylodis macrocephalae was realized. This study presents a comprehensive strategy for accurate authentication and origin analysis of highly-similar foods, which has potentially significant applications for ensuring food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Zidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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Gong L, Xie JB, Luo Y, Qiu ZD, Liu JR, Mei NJ, Chen ZY, Wang FL, Huang Y, Guo J, Cui GH, Zhang YQ, Lai CJS. Research progress of quality control for the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Suan-Zao-Ren) and its proprietary Chinese medicines. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 307:116204. [PMID: 36720435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Chinese name Suan-Zao-Ren), is widely distributed in China, Laos, Myanmar, and Iran. It is a classic traditional Chinese medicine with sedative and sleeping effects. In clinical practice, there are more than 155 proprietary Chinese medicines containing SZS. However, many commercial SZS products are difficult to qualify using current methods. Moreover, there is a scarcity of quality standards for SZS in proprietary Chinese medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to clearly reveal the quality indicators during the entire production process of SZS and its products. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study reviewed more than 230 articles and related books on the quality control of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines published over the last 40 years (from January 1979 to October 2022). Moreover, where available, information on the quality of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines was also collected from websites for comparison, including online publications (e.g. PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Web of Science), the information at Yaozhi website and China Medical Information Platform, along with some classic books on Chinese herbal medicine. The literature and information search were conducted using keywords such as "Suan-Zao-Ren", " Ziziphus jujuba" and "quality control", and the latest results from various databases were combined to obtain valid information. The active components, which in vivo exposure, and Q-markers were also summarized. RESULTS The jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and spinosin were revealed as the key Q-markers for SZS. Moreover, the advancements and prospects of the quality control for SZS and its extract, proprietary Chinese medicines, health foods, and adulterants were comprehensively summarized. The high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/evaporative light scattering detection and fingerprint analysis were found to be the mainstream methods for the SZS quality control. In particular, the novel quality evaluation method based on the unit content was applied for SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines. Significant fluctuations were found in the contents of Q-markers. Moreover, the mass transfer rule of Q-markers was comprehensively clarified based on the entire production process, including production origins, ripening time, primary process, processing, compatibility decoction/extract, and storage. Ultimately, the crushing and compatibility of SZS were found to be the key steps affecting the active components. CONCLUSIONS In short, this study provides solid evidences to reveal quality indicators for the entire production process of developing rational quality standards for SZS and its products. Moreover, this study also provides a template quality control overview, which could be extended to other traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Jun-Bo Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese and Ethnic Medicines, Guangxi Institute For Food and Drug Control, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Jin-Rui Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Nan-Ju Mei
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Ze-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Feng-Ling Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300314, China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao - di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Bao Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Liu F, He Y, Hu H, Hou X, Hao L, Pei X. Detoxification mechanisms of ginseng to aconite: A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 304:116009. [PMID: 36516908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconite (Fuzi, FZ), the processed root tuber of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is utilized as a classic medicine to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system and immune system. Resulting from the narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose, FZ often causes cardiotoxicity including hypotension, palpitation, and bradycardia. Contributing to the detoxification effects of the other famous herbal medicine ginseng (Renshen, RS), which is the dried root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, people broadly combine FZ and RS as compatibility more than 1800 years to attenuate the toxicity of FZ. However, the systematic detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ have not been fully revealed. AIM OF THE REVIEW Aiming to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the attenuation processes of FZ via RS, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about regulatory mechanisms of RS to FZ to shed the light on the essence of detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CNKI and WanFang Data. Relevant studies on detoxification mechanisms were included while irrelevant and duplicate studies were excluded. According to the study design, subject, intervention regime, outcome, first author and year of publication of included data, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ were summarized and visualized. RESULTS A total of 144 studies were identified through databases from their inception up to Oct. 2022. Included information indicated that diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) were the main toxic substances of FZ. The main mechanisms that RS attenuates the toxicity of FZ were transforming toxic compounds of FZ, affecting the absorption and metabolism of FZ as well as the FZ-induced cell toxicity alleviation. CONCLUSION FZ, as a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has good prospects for utilization. The narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose of FZ limits its clinical effect and safety while RS is always combined with FZ to alleviate its toxicity. However, mechanisms responsible for the detoxification process have not been well identified. Therefore, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ are reviewed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of FZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bao
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinlian Hou
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Li Hao
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Xu Pei
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
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Hu W, Hou J, Liu W, Gu X, Yang Y, Shang H, Zhang M. Online Pharmaceutical Process Analysis of Chinese Medicine Using a Miniature Mass Spectrometer: Extraction of Active Ingredients as An Example. J Pharm Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Yu Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Bi Q, Wei W, Li Z, Li J, Yao S, Huang Y, Qu H, Chen Q, Mei Q, Wu W, Guo DA. Comprehensive quality evaluation of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata based on pseudotargeted metabolomics and simultaneous determination of fifteen components, and development of new processed products of black slices with less toxicity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115295. [PMID: 36842334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines possessing a variety of pharmacological activities on top of the toxicities. Due to the heterogeneity and non-standardization of the processing procedures, the subtypes and contents of the differential compounds between different processed products still remained indistinct, causing great risk in their proper use. In order to achieve the comparison and quality evaluation of different processed products of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and develop new processed products with less toxicity, a quantification and pseudotargeted metabolomics method was developed based on the dynamic MRM mode of triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analysis methods were applied to compare different processed products. Method validation results indicated good specificity, linearity, repeatability, precision, stability and recovery of the established quantification method and good linearity, precision and stability of the pseudotargeted metabolomics method. Differential compounds of different processed products were screened out and further confirmed by the quantification results. At last, the processing procedures were optimized to obtain new processed products of "Heishunpian" (black slices) with less toxicity, in which the contents of the toxic diester-type diterpenoid alkaloids were reduced from 106.98 μg/g to 0.85-12.96 μg/g. This study provided a valuable reference for the establishment of comprehensive quality evaluation methods of herbal medicines and a scientific basis for the optimization of processing procedures of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.
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Liu X, Tao H, Tian R, Huang W, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Meng X. Hezi inhibits Tiebangchui-induced cardiotoxicity and preserves its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects by regulating the pharmacokinetics of aconitine and deoxyaconitine. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 302:115915. [PMID: 36375646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tiebangchui (TBC, dried roots of Aconitum pendulum Busch. and Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.) is a well-known Tibetan medicine for dispelling cold and relieving pain. In China, it is widely used in prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), traumatic injury, and fracture. However, its cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity seriously restrict its clinical application. Traditionally, Hezi (HZ, dry ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia chebula Retz. var. tomentella Kurt.) is generally used in combination with TBC for the purpose of toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing, but so far we still can't clearly elucidate the compatibility effect and mechanism of the classical herbal pair. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the compatibility effect and mechanism of TBC co-administered with HZ. METHODS In the present study, we clarified the cardioprotective role of HZ on the cardiotoxicity induced by TBC. The electrocardiogram, the levels of serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT), the activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), and histopathology of heart tissue have been determined in each group. Meanwhile, the anti-RA effect of each group was investigated by paw swelling measurement and histopathological examination of synovial. To explore the underlying mechanism, we performed the pharmacokinetic studies of aconitine (AC) and deoxyaconitine (DE) in TBC group and TBC + HZ group by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) system. RESULTS TBC co-administered with HZ could significantly inhibit the increased heart rate and the prolonged QTc interval induced by TBC (p < 0.01). And TBC + HZ group had lower levels of serum cTnT, cardiac MDA, and higher levels of cardiac SOD compared with TBC group (p < 0.01). In addition, the combination of TBC and HZ could preserve the anti-RA effect of TBC. Both TBC administration alone and TBC + HZ combination administration could effectively alleviate the paw swelling (p < 0.01). Furthermore, TBC co-administered with HZ could significantly decrease the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of AC and DE comapred with TBC administration alone (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Meanwhile, it was observed that the time to reach the peak concentration (Tmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), mean retention time (MRT) of AC and DE in TBC group were significantly higher than those in TBC + HZ group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TBC co-administered with HZ could reduce TBC-induced cardiotoxicty and preserve its anti-RA efficacy. The underlying mechanism is associated with the change of pharmacokinetic process of AC and DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Honglin Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenge Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, PR China.
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Ya-nan H, Lu-meng C, Yu L, Hong-yan M, Qi H, Zhi-xing C, Li H, Run-chun X, Ming Y, Yin T, Ding-kun Z. New understanding of aconitine hydrolysis pathway: isolation, identification and toxicity evaluation based on intermediate products. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li CY, Zhou Z, Xu T, Wang NY, Tang C, Tan XY, Feng ZG, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Aconitum pendulum and Aconitum flavum: A narrative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, bioactivities and processing methods. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115216. [PMID: 35331875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Composed of dried Aconitum pendulum and Aconitum flavum roots, Tiebangchui, is an important Tibetan medicine and has been traditionally and widely used as a remedy for cold and pain for thousands of years because of its extraordinary pharmacological activities. The toxicity and efficacy of Tiebangchui as a typical toxic traditional Tibetan medicine, are interdependent, and thus to make sure its safe use in clinics is also noteworthy. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to document and summarize critical and comprehensive information about traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and processing methods of Tiebangchui. Perspectives for possible future investigations have been discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information about Tiebangchui (A. pendulum and A. flavum) was collected from internationally recognized electronic scientific databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, ACS, and CNKI. Then, classic Tibetan medical books, such as Four Medical Tantra, and Jing Zhu Materia Medica, and official drug standards were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 95 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Tiebangchui, and most of them were diterpenoid alkaloids. These phytochemicals showed a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-rheumatoid arthritis, analgesic, local anesthetic, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities. Hence, Tiebangchui is broadly used in hundreds of preparations to treat fever, arthritis, rheumatic arthralgia, traumatic injury, furuncle and swelling. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity are the main toxic effects caused by the Aconitum alkaloids of Tiebangchui. Various processing methods, including steaming, decocting and sand-frying, and traditional Tibetan medicine processing methods, such as processing with Hezi decoction, Qingke wine and Zanba, are effective in attenuating toxicity while retaining efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The present review provides primary information of Tiebangchui, particularly for its traditional uses, botanical characteristics, phytochemicals, outstanding bioactivities and processing methods. However, studies that explored the in vivo pharmacokinetics and mechanism of Tiebangchui, as well as its quality markers, qualitative and quantitative analysis are still insufficient. Processing methods that attenuate toxicities, evaluations of efficacy, in vivo processes and biological effects, the mechanisms of processed products should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Nai-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zi-Ge Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Chen ZY, Wei XY, Qiu ZD, Huang Y, Tan T, Feng YL, Guo J, Cui GH, Huang LQ, Lai CJS. Compatibility of Fuzi and Ginseng Significantly Increase the Exposure of Aconitines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883898. [PMID: 35662724 PMCID: PMC9156935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb-pair ginseng-Fuzi (the root of Aconitum carmichaelii) is the material basis of Shenfu prescriptions and is popular in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of heart failure, and even shock with severe-stage of COVID-19. A narrow therapeutic window of Fuzi may cause significant regional loss of property and life in clinics. Therefore, systemic elucidation of active components is crucial to improve the safety dose window of Shenfu oral prescriptions. A high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of 10 aconitines in SD rat plasma within 9 min. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were below 0.032 ng/ml and 0.095 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, a systemic comparison with their pharmacokinetic characteristics after oral administration of a safe dosage of 2 g/kg of Fuzi and ginseng-Fuzi decoction for 24 h was conducted. Eight representative diester, monoester, and non-ester aconitines and two new active components (i.e., songorine and indaconitine) were all adopted to elucidating the differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo. The compatibility of Fuzi and ginseng could significantly increase the in vivo exposure of active components. The terminal elimination half-life and the area under the concentration-time curve of mesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylhypaconitine, and songorine were all increased significantly. The hypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, and songorine were regarded as the main active components in vivo, which gave an effective clue for the development of new Shenfu oral prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ting Tan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Lin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Qiu ZD, Wei XY, Chen ZY, Guo J, Huang LQ, Lai CJS. Discovery of the directionally detoxification effect and chemical mechanism of Ginseng-Fuzi co-decoction based on real-time online filtration electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Phytomedicine 2022; 100:154059. [PMID: 35338992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergic action of compound prescriptions is an important feature and core advantage of traditional medicine. Ginseng-Fuzi decoction is a classic compatible phytomedicine in China, of which Ginseng can effectively reduce the toxicity of Fuzi in clinical, but the detoxification chemical mechanism is still unclear. PURPOSE Develop a novel method for real-time tracking and monitoring of complex substances in the decoction system of traditional Chinese medicine to uncover the detoxification effect Ginseng on Fuzi and explore the possible chemical reaction mechanism of Ginseng-Fuzi co-decoction. METHODS A novel real-time monitoring system, online filtration electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, was developed for extremely complex substances analysis in the decoction of traditional medicine compounds to uncover the directionally detoxification effect and the mechanism of compatibility interaction. RESULTS Nine key alkaloids and 7 ginsenosides in Ginseng-Fuzi decoction were simultaneously in-situ monitoring in positive ion mode or negative ion mode respectively. Both types of targeted analytes had satisfactory MS signal response for real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis with high precision (RSD < 14.04%) and low LLODs (0.002 ng/ml-10 ng/ml). Through long-term tracking analysis, the exact detoxification and synergistic effect of Ginseng-Fuzi decoction were confirmed as the concentration of main toxic alkaloids decreased (e.g. the content of mesaconitine has been reduced by about 38%) and the main active monoester alkaloids increased obviously. More importantly, the possible molecular mechanism of the detoxification effect of Ginseng compatibility was revealed for the first time, which was the nucleophilic substitution reaction of diester alkaloids catalyzed by fatty acids. CONCLUSION This study revealed the exact effect of co-decoction of Ginseng and Fuzi at the molecular level and the chemical reaction mechanism of fatty acid-catalyzed degradation of toxic diester-type alkaloids. The comprehensive multi-component real-time monitoring strategy for complex traditional medicine compounds developed and implemented here has important demonstration significance for revealing the scientific connotation of the compatibility of compound traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ze-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Zhou C, Wang Z, Kuang T, Sun J, Xu B, Meng X, Zhang Y, Tang C. Unveiling Dynamic Changes of Chemical Constituents in Raw and Processed Fuzi With Different Steaming Time Points Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Combined With Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842890. [PMID: 35359875 PMCID: PMC8960191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuzi is a famous toxic traditional herbal medicine, which has long been used for the treatment of various diseases in China and many other Asian countries because of its extraordinary pharmacological activities and high toxicity. Different processing methods to attenuate the toxicity of Fuzi are important for its safe clinical use. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) with a metabolomics-combined multivariate statistical analysis approach was applied to investigate a series of Aconitum alkaloids and explore potential metabolic markers to understand the differences between raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming time points. Moreover, the selected metabolic markers were visualized by DESI-MSI, and six index alkaloids’ contents were determined through HPLC. The results indicated visible differences among raw and processed Fuzi with different steaming times, and 4.0 h is the proper time for toxicity attenuation and efficacy reservation. A total of 42 metabolic markers were identified to discriminate raw Fuzi and those steamed for 4.0 and 8.0 h, which were clearly visualized in DESI-MSI. The transformation from diester-diterpenoid alkaloids to monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and then to non-esterified diterpene alkaloids through hydrolysis is the major toxicity attenuation process during steaming. DESI-MSI combined with metabolomics provides an efficient method to visualize the changeable rules and screen the metabolic markers of Aconitum alkaloids during steaming. The wide application of this technique could help identify markers and reveal the possible chemical transition mechanism in the “Paozhi” processes of Fuzi. It also provides an efficient and easy way to quality control and ensures the safety of Fuzi and other toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ce Tang,
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Chen ZY, Wei XY, Tan T, Feng YL, Guo J, Cui GH, Huang LQ, Lai CJS. Development of a Novel Unified Quality Control Strategy for Proprietary Chinese Medicines. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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