Successful treatment of 28 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 at a medical center in Taiwan

Hospital-acquired infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: First report from Taiwan

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inpatients may acquire infections from other pathogens during hospital admission. This is the first research on this subject to be reported from Taiwan.

METHODS

Confirmed COVID-19 inpatients were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021. Various types of pathogens in COVID-19 inpatients, with hospital-acquired infections, were identified and analyzed. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without hospital-acquired infections were reviewed and compared.

RESULTS

Of the 204 patients included in the study, 32 (15.7%) patients experienced at least one infectious episode. Of 113 recorded episodes of infection, the predominant type was bacterial (88 of 113 infections, 77.9%); the most frequently isolated bacteria were Acinetobacter spp., followed by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . With regard to viral infections (19 of 113, 16.8%), the Epstein-Barr virus ranked first place among the identified viruses. Four (3.5%) and 2 (1.8%) of 113 infectious episodes were caused by fungi and atypical pathogens. A multivariate analysis revealed that steroid use was an independent factor in hospital-acquired infections (odds ratio [OR], 6.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-42.43; p = 0.035). Patients with hospital-acquired infections were associated with increased 28-day and in-hospital mortality (18.8% vs 5.8% and 31.3% and 5.8%; p = 0.023 and <0.01, respectively), and a longer hospital stay (34 vs 19 days; p < 0.001), compared to those without hospital-acquired infections.

CONCLUSION

Our study revealed the unique local epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections among COVID-19 inpatients in Taiwan. These patients were associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital admissions.

Association of obesity with COVID-19 diseases severity and mortality: A meta-analysis of studies

Background

The literature on COVID-19 infection is growing every single day, and evidence of presence or absence of association between obesity and COVID-19 adverse outcomes should be revisited. Therefore, this study summarizes the pooled association of obesity with COVID-19 adverse outcomes and mortality.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Science direct databases using specific terms and defined criteria. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA)) random-effect models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of infection severity and mortality associated with obesity.

Results

Results revealed that obesity is not associated with COVID-19 mortality (OR = 1.1; 95%CI: 0.8 to 1.3) but with other adverse outcomes (OR = 2.4; 95%CI: 1.7 to 3.3).

Conclusion

Our findings support previous findings that obesity is associated with COVID-19 severity.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Loading and Quality of an Emergency Department in Taiwan: Enlightenment from a Low-Risk Country in a Public Health Crisis

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on health-care quality in the emergency department (ED) in countries with a low risk is unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on ED loading, quality of care, and patient prognosis. Data were retrospectively collected from 1 January 2018 to 30 September 2020 at the ED of Tri-service general hospital. Analyses included day-based ED loading, quality of care, and patient prognosis. Data on triage assessment, physiological states, disease history, and results of laboratory tests were collected and analyzed. The number of daily visits significantly decreased after the pandemic, leading to a reduction in the time to examination. Admitted patients benefitted from the pandemic with a reduction of 0.80 h in the length of stay in the ED, faster discharge without death, and reduced re-admission. However, non-admitted visits with chest pain increased the risk of mortality after the pandemic. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant reduction in low-acuity ED visits and improved prognoses for hospitalized patients. However, clinicians should be alert about patients with chest pain due to their increased risk of mortality in subsequent admission.