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Maspero A, Vavassori F, Penoni A, Galli S, Palmisano G, Bagnati R, Passoni A, Davoli E, Palladini J, Terzaghi E, Di Guardo A. Synthesis of a new sulfonated-hexachlorobiphenyl standard for environmental analysis, ecotoxicological, and toxicological studies. Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163445. [PMID: 37076006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated-polychlorinated biphenyls (sulfonated-PCBs) are a newly discovered class of PCB metabolites. They were observed for the first time in polar bear serum and lately, in soil, together with hydroxy-sulfonated-PCBs. Their presence is ubiquitous in soils, and their estimated physical chemical properties show high mobility in water, compared to the parent compounds. However, no single pure standards exist so far and therefore their quantification in the environmental matrices is not accurate. Additionally, pure standards are needed to experimentally determine their physical chemical properties, as well as the ecotoxicological and toxicological characteristics. In the present work, the challenging goal of preparing a polychlorinated biphenyl monosulfonic acid was achieved exploring different synthetic approaches, along which the selection of the starting material resulted in a crucial point. Using PCB-153 (2,2'-4,4'-5,5'-hexachloro-1,1'-biphenyl) the synthesis afforded, as the major species, a side compound. On the contrary, the use of PCB-155 (2,2'-4,4'-6,6'-hexachloro-1,1'-biphenyl), a symmetric hexachlorobiphenyl derivative showing chlorine atoms at all the ortho positions, gave the target sulfonated-PCB compound. In this case, sulfonation was successfully carried out through a two-step procedure, involving chlorosulfonylation and the subsequent hydrolysis of the chlorosulfonyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maspero
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Federico Vavassori
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Penoni
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Simona Galli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palmisano
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Palladini
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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Kulikova T, Maiorova A, Gorbunova T, Gulyaeva R, Safronov A, Pervova M. Chemical functionalization and thermal destruction of persistent organic pollutants: polychlorinated biphenyls. Chem Pap 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gorbunova TI, Egorova DO, Pervova MG, Kyrianova TD, Demakov VA, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Biodegradation of trichlorobiphenyls and their hydroxylated derivatives by Rhodococcus-strains. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:124471. [PMID: 33199145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A possibility of using a complex approach is considered to explain features of biodestruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are known to be persistent organic pollutants. The approach comprises the following main stages: (i) chemical modification of chloroarenes by hydroxylation and (ii) bacterial degradation of the hydroxylated derivatives. This approach is applicable to individual trichlorobiphenyls (PCB 29, PCB 30) and to a widespread mixture Trikhlorbifenil (analog of Aroclor 1242 and Delor 103). As bacterial strain destructors, the Rhodococcus-strains (КТ112-7, СН628, P25) were used. It was established that the main metabolites of microbial biodegradation of both polychlorobiphenyls and their hydroxy derivatives are polychloro- and hydroxy(polychloro)benzoic acids, which allows an assumption to be made about possible further biodegradation of these compounds down to the products of the base exchange reaction in a cell: water, carbon dioxide and chlorine compounds. The study discusses the effect that the structure of PCBs congeners causes on the conversion by hydroxylation, on the biodegradation rate of both PCBs and their hydroxy derivatives, and on the metabolite formation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana I Gorbunova
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia.
| | - Darya O Egorova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Marina G Pervova
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Tatyana D Kyrianova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Vitalyi A Demakov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm 614081, Russia
| | - Victor I Saloutin
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
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Maiorova AV, Kulikova TV, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Shunyaev KY, Leontiev LI. Thermodynamic Aspects for the Reaction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls with Sodium Metoxide in Ethanol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution. Dokl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500820110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Egorova DO, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Kir'yanova TD, Demakov VA, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Biodegradability of hydroxylated derivatives of commercial polychlorobiphenyls mixtures by Rhodococcus-strains. J Hazard Mater 2020; 400:123328. [PMID: 32947723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, investigations are is carried out for the interactions of hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls (HO-PCBs) mixtures, which were obtained from PCBs commercially available under the trade name Sovol, with the Rhodococcus (R.) strains. It is established that the HO-PCBs mixtures containing basic products within the range of 83.2-95.8% cause a toxic effect on the growth of R. wratislaviensis KT112-7, R. wratislaviensis CH628, R. ruber P25 strains. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was varied within the range of 30-490 mg/l. For the first time, it is found that the bacterial strains can use HO-PCBs as a source of carbon with no co-substrate added. The strains are shown to degrade 95.5-100% of the HO-PCBs mixtures at a concentration of 0.1 g/l during 14 days. It is demonstrated that HO-PCBs degrading occurs following the classical bacterial pathway of transforming biphenyl/PCB. However, the HO-PCBs metabolites, which are substituted benzoic acids, are not the final products of the transformation and are subjected to further degrading by the strains. Therefore, the R. wratislaviensis KT112-7, R. wratislaviensis CH628, and R. ruber P25 strains are shown to degrade the HO-PCBs mixtures efficiently and are found to be stable to their toxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya O Egorova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm, 614081, Russia.
| | - Tatyana I Gorbunova
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Marina G Pervova
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | | | - Vitalyi A Demakov
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm, 614081, Russia
| | - Viсtor I Saloutin
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- I.Ya. Postovskii Institute of Organic Synthesis, Yekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
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Maiorova AV, Kulikova TV, Safronov AP, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Shunyaev KY. Thermal Decomposition of Polychlorobiphenyls and Their Derivatives. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kulikova TV, Maiorova AV, Safronov AP, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Shunyaev KY, Leont’ev LI. Pyrolysis of Derivatives of Technical Mixtures of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Dokl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500819080068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Maiorova AV, Kulikova TV, Shunyaev KY, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG. Thermodynamic Modeling of the Stage of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Preparation to Thermal Decomposition. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219090184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boyarskii VP, Sangaranarayanan MV, Boyarskaya IA, Tolstopyatova EG, Chulkova TG. Electrochemical Reduction of Trichlorobiphenyls: Mechanism and Regioselectivity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Plotnikova KA, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Features of Sulfonation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Maiorova AV, Kulikova TV, Shunyaev KY, Gorbunova TI, Pervova MG, Plotnikova KA. Optimization of the reaction of polychlorobiphenyls with a binucleophile by thermodynamic modeling. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042721706012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Plotnikova KA, Pervova MG, Gorbunova TI, Khaibulova TS, Boyarskii VP, Saloutin VI, Chupakhin ON. Optimization of the chemical stage of pretreatment of technical polychlorobiphenyls for destruction. Dokl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500817090038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Appell M, Bosma WB. Assessment of the electronic structure and properties of trichothecene toxins using density functional theory. J Hazard Mater 2015; 288:113-123. [PMID: 25698572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive quantum chemical study was carried out on 35 type A and B trichothecenes and biosynthetic precursors, including selected derivatives of deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin. Quantum chemical properties, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, and molecular parameters were calculated on structures geometry optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level. Type B trichothecenes possessed significantly larger electrophilicity index compared to the type A trichothecenes studied. Certain hydroxyl groups of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and T-2 toxin exhibited considerable rotation during molecular dynamics simulations (5 ps) at the B3LYP/6-31G** level in implicit aqueous solvent. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed to evaluate toxicity and detection using genetic algorithm, principal component, and multilinear analyses. The models suggest electronegativity and several 2-dimensional topological descriptors contain important information related to trichothecene cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, immunochemical detection, and cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Wayne B Bosma
- Mund-Lagowski Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bradley University 1501 W. Bradley Ave., Peoria, IL 61625, USA.
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