Occurrence and water-sediment exchange of systemic insecticides and their transformation products in an agriculture-dominated basin

Combined pollution characteristics and ecological risks of multi-pollutants in Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, faced severe ecological degradation in the past decade. Combined pollution of multi-pollutants may be one of the contributing factors. However, the characteristics of combined pollution and the ecological risks are still not clear. In this study, we used Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS), In Situ Bioassay Passive Sampling Device (ISBPSD) and conventional sampling methods, to study the toxic pollutants levels and the combined biological toxicity effects. The results showed that high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, averaged 162 ng/g) and polycyclic musk (PCM, averaged 53.6 ng/g) residues, as well as some metals such as nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) concentrations exceeded the relevant standard level in the sediment. The risk of combined pollution in the water was relatively low, but high risk was found in the sediments. According to the ISBPSD studies, the survival rates of species in the water and sediments were only 10.0-45.0% and 1.67-11.7% respectively, which was much lower than that reported in other typical basins of China. OCPs, PCMs, and certain metals such as Pb and Ni may be the key toxic pollutants causing biological toxicity effects in Poyang Lake.