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Jiang B, Mu M, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Li W. Nanoparticle-Empowered Core-Shell Microcapsules: From Architecture Design to Fabrication and Functions. Small 2024:e2311897. [PMID: 38456762 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is a powerful concept to integrate multiscale components with diverse functionalities into miniature architectures. Inspired by evolution-optimized cell compartments, synthetic core-shell capsules enable storage of actives and on-demand delivery of programmed functions, driving scientific progress across various fields including adaptive materials, sustainable electronics, soft robotics, and precision medicine. To simultaneously maximize structural stability and environmental sensitivity, which are the two most critical characteristics dictating performance, diverse nanoparticles are incorporated into microcapsules with a dense shell and a liquid core. Recent studies have revealed that these nano-additives not only enhance the intrinsic properties of capsules including mechanical robustness, optical behaviors, and thermal conductivity, but also empower dynamic features such as triggered release, deformable structures, and fueled mobility. In this review, the physicochemical principles that govern nanoparticle assembly during microencapsulation are examined in detail and the architecture-controlled functionalities are outlined. Through the analysis of how each primary method implants nanoparticles into microcapsules, their distinct spatial organizations within the core-shell structures are highlighted. Following a detailed discussion of the specialized functions enabled by specific nanoparticles, the vision of the required fundamental insights and experimental studies for this class of microcarriers to fulfill its potential are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Manrui Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Wenle Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Yu H. Progress in Fabrication and Applications of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Microcapsules. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303198. [PMID: 37971158 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are well known for inherent responsiveness to external stimuli, such as light, thermal, magnetic, and electric fields. Cholesteric LCs are among the most fascinating, since they possess distinctive optical properties due to the helical molecular orientation. However, the good flow, easy contamination, and poor stability of small-molecule LCs limit their further applications, and microencapsulation as one of the most effective tools can evade these disadvantages. Microencapsulation can offer shell-core structure with LCs in the core can strengthen their stability, avoiding interference with the environment while maintaining the stimuli-responsiveness and optical properties. Here, we report recent progress in the fabrication and applications of cholesteric LC microcapsules (CLCMCs). We summarize general properties and basic principles, fabrication methods including interfacial polymerization, in-situ polymerization, complex coacervation, solvent evaporation, microfluidic and polymerization of reactive mesogens, and then give a comprehensive overview of their applications in various popular domains, including smart fabrics, smart sensor, smart displays, anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, biomedicine and actuators. Finally, we discuss the currently facing challenges and the potential development directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Haixiao Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and, Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
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Essifi K, Brahmi M, Ed-Daoui A, Boussetta A, Benelmostafa M, Dahmani M, Salhi S, Moubarik A, El Bachiri A, Tahani A. Investigating the effect of clay content and type on the mechanical performance of calcium alginate-based hybrid bio-capsules. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125011. [PMID: 37217042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of alginate-based simple and alginate@clay-based hybrid capsules under uniaxial compression using a Brookfield force machine. The effect of clay type and content on Young's modulus and nominal rupture stress of the capsules was investigated and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that clay content improves the mechanical properties depending on its type. Montmorillonite and laponite clays showed optimal results at 3 wt% content, with a gain of 63.2 % and 70.34 % on Young's modulus, and a gain of 92.43 % and 108.66 % on nominal rupture stress, respectively, while kaolinite clay showed optimal results at 1.5 wt% content with an increase of 77.21 % on Young's modulus and 88.34 % on nominal rupture stress. However, exceeding the optimal content led to decrease the elasticity and rigidity due to the incomplete dispersion of clay particles in the hydrogel network. The theoretical modeling using Boltzmann superposition principle revealed that the elastic modulus was in good agreement with experimental values. Overall, this research provides insights into the mechanical behavior of alginate@clay-based capsules, which could have potential applications in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Essifi
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Brahmi
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Ed-Daoui
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Particles Modeling, and Energetic, URAC 07, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Boussetta
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - M''hammed Benelmostafa
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Particles Modeling, and Energetic, URAC 07, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Dahmani
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Particles Modeling, and Energetic, URAC 07, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University Oujda, Morocco
| | - Samira Salhi
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Amine Moubarik
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Ali El Bachiri
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdesselam Tahani
- Physical Chemistry of Natural Resources and Process Team, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Li S, Lin Z, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Ling Z, Zhang Z, Fang X. Incorporating paraffin@SiO 2 nanocapsules with abundant surface hydroxyl groups into polydimethylsiloxane to develop composites with enhanced interfacial heat conductance for chip heat dissipation. Nanoscale 2023; 15:3419-3429. [PMID: 36722936 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating phase change capsules into polymeric matrices is an effective approach for developing flexible composites with both heat storage capacity and good thermal reliability, while the interfacial heat conductance between the capsules and the matrix has seldom been considered. Herein, paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules synthesized by an interfacial polycondensation process using a basic catalyst were incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix for the first time to prepare phase change composites at different loadings. Furthermore, the composites containing the nanocapsules were systematically compared with the composites containing the paraffin@SiO2 microcapsules synthesized using an acidic catalyst. It is shown that, at every identical mass fraction, the composites containing the nanocapsules not only possessed larger latent heat than those containing the microcapsules, but also exhibited higher thermal conductivity and lower hardness. The enhancement in thermal conductivity as well as the decline in hardness for the composite containing the nanocapsules are revealed to originate from a larger amount of hydroxyl groups at the surfaces of the nanocapsules than the microcapsules, which could form more hydrogen bonds with the polymer matrix. This bonding favored the interfacial heat conductance between the nanocapsules and the matrix together with decreasing the crosslinking density of the matrix. Subsequently, composites with enhanced thermal conductivity were developed by combining the nanocapsules with a BN filler. By evaluating the performance for chip heat dissipation, it was found that, when the chip was heated at a power of 10 W, the incorporation of the paraffin@SiO2 nanocapsules at a loading of 36 wt% into the polymer matrix made a remarkable decrease in the chip equilibrium temperature by 31.7 °C, and a further decline by 8.9 °C occurred when combined with 16 wt% BN. This work sheds light on facilitating the interfacial heat conductance between phase change capsules and the polymer matrix by hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Li
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zekai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zezhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ziye Ling
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Heat Storage and Application, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Heat Storage and Application, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, The Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Heat Storage and Application, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang S, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Xu F, Sun L, Xia Y, Lin X, Peng H, Ma L, Li B, Yan E, Huang P. Cadmium Sulfide-Reinforced Double-Shell Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Advanced Thermal Energy Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 36616456 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used to improve energy utilization efficiency due to their high energy storage capacity. In this study, double-shell microencapsulated PCMs were constructed to resolve the liquid leakage issue and low thermal conductivity of organic PCMs, which also possess high thermal stability and multifunctionality. We used assembly to construct an inorganic-organic double shell for microencapsulate PCMs, which possessed the unprecedented synergetic properties of a cadmium sulfide (CdS) shell and melamine-formaldehyde polymeric shell. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the well-designed double-shell structure of the microcapsules, and the CdS was successfully assembled as the second shell on the surface of the polymer shell. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that the double-shell microcapsules had a high enthalpy of 114.58 J/g, which indicated almost no changes after experiencing 100 thermal cycles, indicating good thermal reliability. The microcapsules also showed good shape stability and antileakage performance, which displayed no shape change and leakage after heating at 60 °C for 30 min. In addition, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the double-shell microcapsules reached 91.3%. Thus, this study may promote the development of microencapsulated PCMs with multifunctionality, offering considerable application prospects in intelligent temperature management for smart textiles and wearable electronic devices in combination with their solar thermal energy conversion and storage performance.
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