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Zhao Q, Han B, Peng C, Zhang N, Huang W, He G, Li JL. A promising future of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in medicinal chemistry: The emerging bioorganometallic antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38591229 DOI: 10.1002/med.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have emerged as promising broad-spectrum antitumor agents in bioorganometallic medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, studies on cytotoxic metal-NHC complexes have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. Although the molecular mechanisms of these anticancer complexes are not fully understood, some potential targets and modes of action have been identified. However, a comprehensive review of their biological mechanisms is currently absent. In general, apoptosis caused by metal-NHCs is common in tumor cells. They can cause a series of changes after entering cells, such as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) variation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosome damage, and caspase activation, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the influence of metal-NHCs on cancer cell apoptosis is crucial. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in metal-NHC complexes that trigger apoptotic cell death via different apoptosis-related targets or signaling pathways, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2 family), p53, cyt c, ER stress, lysosome damage, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, and so forth. We also discuss the challenges, limitations, and future directions of metal-NHC complexes to elucidate their emerging application in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Gonzalo-Navarro C, Zafon E, Organero JA, Jalón FA, Lima JC, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, Santos L, Moro AJ, Barrabés S, Castro J, Camacho-Aguayo J, Massaguer A, Manzano BR, Durá G. Ir(III) Half-Sandwich Photosensitizers with a π-Expansive Ligand for Efficient Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1783-1811. [PMID: 38291666 PMCID: PMC10859961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
One approach to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in cancer treatment is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which allows spatiotemporal control of the cytotoxicity. We have used the strategy of coordinating π-expansive ligands to increase the excited state lifetimes of Ir(III) half-sandwich complexes in order to facilitate the generation of 1O2. We have obtained derivatives of formulas [Cp*Ir(C∧N)Cl] and [Cp*Ir(C∧N)L]BF4 with different degrees of π-expansion in the C∧N ligands. Complexes with the more π-expansive ligand are very effective photosensitizers with phototoxic indexes PI > 2000. Furthermore, PI values of 63 were achieved with red light. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations nicely explain the effect of the π-expansion. The complexes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cellular level, causing mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cleavage of DNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation, as well as lysosomal damage. Consequently, cell death by apoptosis and secondary necrosis is activated. Thus, we describe the first class of half-sandwich iridium cyclometalated complexes active in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gonzalo-Navarro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-
IRICA, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisenda Zafon
- Departament
de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan Angel Organero
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales
y Bioquímicas and INAMOL, Universidad
de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-
IRICA, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joao Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-
IRICA, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucía Santos
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La
Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela,
s/n, 13071 Ciudad
Real, Spain
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Departament
de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Departament
de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Camacho-Aguayo
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Analytic Biosensors Group, Instituto de Nanociencia
y Nanomateriales de Aragon, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Departament
de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-
IRICA, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gema Durá
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-
IRICA, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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3
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Bai Y, Aodeng G, Ga L, Hai W, Ai J. Research Progress of Metal Anticancer Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2750. [PMID: 38140091 PMCID: PMC10747151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments, including traditional chemotherapy, have failed to cure human malignancies. The main reasons for the failure of these treatments are the inevitable drug resistance and serious side effects. In clinical treatment, only 5 percent of the 50 percent of cancer patients who are able to receive conventional chemotherapy survive. Because of these factors, being able to develop a drug and treatment that can target only cancer cells without affecting normal cells remains a big challenge. Since the special properties of cisplatin in the treatment of malignant tumors were accidentally discovered in the last century, metal anticancer drugs have become a research hotspot. Metal anticancer drugs have unique pharmaceutical properties, such as ruthenium metal drugs with their high selectivity, low toxicity, easy absorption by tumor tissue, excretion, and so on. In recent years, efficient and low-toxicity metal antitumor complexes have been synthesized. In this paper, the scientific literature on platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), gold (Au), and other anticancer complexes was reviewed by referring to a large amount of relevant literature at home and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, China; (Y.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Gerile Aodeng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, China; (Y.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Lu Ga
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinchuankaifaqu, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Wenfeng Hai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jun Ai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowudalu, Hohhot 010022, China; (Y.B.); (G.A.)
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Wang L, Liu X, Wu Y, He X, Guo X, Gao W, Tan L, Yuan XA, Liu J, Liu Z. In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Assay of Mitochondrially Targeted Fluorescent Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3395-3408. [PMID: 36763897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes show potential value in the anticancer field. However, complexes with favorable luminescence performance are rare, which limits further investigation of the anticancer mechanism. In this paper, 10 triphenylamine-modified fluorescent half-sandwich iridium(III) pyridine complexes {[(η5-Cpx)Ir(L)Cl2]} (Ir1-Ir10) were prepared and showed potential antiproliferative activity, effectively inhibiting the migration of A549 cells. Ir6, showing the best activity among these complexes, exhibited excellent fluorescence performance (absolute fluorescence quantum yield of 15.17%) in solution. Laser confocal detection showed that Ir6 followed an energy-dependent cellular uptake mechanism, specifically accumulating in mitochondria (Pearson co-localization coefficient of 0.95). A Western blot assay further confirmed the existence of a mitochondrial apoptotic channel. Additionally, Ir6 could arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, catalyze NADH oxidation, reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, induce an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and exhibit a mechanism of oxidation. An in vivo antitumor assay confirmed that Ir6 can effectively inhibit tumor growth and is safer than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xian He
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenshan Gao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Hu X, Guo L, Liu M, Sun M, Zhang Q, Peng H, Zhang F, Liu Z. Formation of Iridium(III) and Rhodium(III) Amine, Imine, and Amido Complexes Based on Pyridine-Amine Ligands: Structural Diversity Arising from Reaction Conditions, Substituent Variation, and Metal Centers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10051-10065. [PMID: 35735792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the different coordination modes of half-sandwich iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes based on pyridine-amine ligands. The pyridyl-amine iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes, the corresponding oxidation pyridyl-imine products, and 16-electron pyridyl-amido complexes can be obtained through the change in reaction conditions (nitrogen/adventitious oxygen atmosphere, reaction time, and solvents) and structural variations in the metal and ligand. Overall, the reaction of pyridine-amine ligands with [(η5-C5(CH3)5)MCl2]2 (M = Ir or Rh) in the presence of adventitious oxygen afforded the oxidized pyridyl-imine complexes. The possible mechanism for the oxidation of iridium(III) and rhodium(III) amine complexes was confirmed by the detection of the byproduct hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the formation of pyridyl-amine complexes was favored when nonpolar solvent CH2Cl2 was used instead of CH3OH. The rarely reported complex with [(η5-Cp*)IrCl3] anions can also be obtained without the addition of NH4PF6. The introduction of the sterically bulky i-Bu group on the bridge carbon of the ligand led to the formation of stable 16-electron pyridyl-amido complexes. The pyridyl-amine iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes were also synthesized under a N2 atmosphere, and no H2O2 was detected in the whole process. In particular, the aqueous solution stability and in vitro cytotoxicity toward A549 and HeLa human cancer cells of these complexes were also evaluated. No obvious selectivity was observed for cancer cells versus normal cells with these complexes. Notably, the represented complex 5a can promote an increase in the reactive oxygen species level and induce cell death via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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6
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Gao J, Guo L, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Hu X, Liu J, Liu Z. 16-Electron Half-Sandwich Rhodium(III), Iridium(III), and Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Lysosome-Targeted Anticancer Agents. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yihan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Guo L, Hu X, Yang Y, An W, Gao J, Liu Q, Liu Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of zwitterionic half-sandwich Rhodium(III) and Ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105311. [PMID: 34474302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a panel of structurally related zwitterionic piano-stool rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes. The identities of these novel complexes have been determined by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The stability and fluorescence property of these zwitterionic complexes were also confirmed. Zwitterionic rhodium(III) complexes Rh1-Rh4 displayed potent cytotoxic activity against A549 and HeLa human cancer cells. On the contrary, zwitterionic ruthenium(II) complexes Ru1-Ru4 presented no obvious cytotoxic activity to the test cell lines. Moreover, the trend that the introduction of fluorinated substituent and phenyl ring in the η5-CpR ring and N,N-chelating ligand, respectively, could enhance the cytotoxicity of these zwitterionic rhodium(III) complexes, were observed. The exploration of mechanism using flow cytometry displayed that the cytotoxicity of these rhodium(III) complexes was associated with the perturbation of the cell cycle and the induction of cell apoptosis. Furthermore, microscopic analysis using confocal microscopy indicated that the representative rhodium(III) complex Rh4 entered A549 cells via energy-dependent pathway and predominantly accumulated in lysosomes, thus leading to the disruption of lysosomal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenyu An
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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De Palo A, Draca D, Murrali MG, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Marchetti F. A Comparative Analysis of the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Iridium(III) {η 5-C 5Me 4R} Complexes with Variable R Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7422. [PMID: 34299041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Piano-stool iridium complexes based on the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand (Cp*) have been intensively investigated as anticancer drug candidates and hold much promise in this setting. A systematic study aimed at outlining the effect of Cp* mono-derivatization on the antiproliferative activity is presented here. Thus, the dinuclear complexes [Ir(η5-C5Me4R)Cl(μ-Cl)]2 (R = Me, 1a; R = H, 1b; R = Pr, 1c; R = 4-C6H4F, 1d; R = 4-C6H4OH, 1e), their 2-phenylpyridyl mononuclear derivatives [Ir(η5-C5Me4R)(kN,kCPhPy)Cl] (2a-d), and the dimethylsulfoxide complex [Ir{η5-C5Me4(4-C6H4OH)}Cl2(κS-Me2S=O)] (3) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and assessed for their cytotoxicity towards a panel of six human and rodent cancer cell lines (mouse melanoma, B16; rat glioma, C6; breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7; colorectal carcinoma, SW620 and HCT116; ovarian carcinoma, A2780) and one primary, human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC5). Complexes 2b (R = H) and 2d (4-C6H4F) emerged as the most active ones and were selected for further investigation. They did not affect the viability of primary mouse peritoneal cells, and their tumoricidal action arises from the combined influence on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and senescence. The latter is triggered by mitochondrial failure and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Bernier CM, DuChane CM, Martinez JS, Falkinham JO, Merola JS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Rh III and Ir III N-Heterocyclic Carbene Piano-Stool Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Bernier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Christine M. DuChane
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Justin S. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph O. Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Joseph S. Merola
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Thomas SR, Casini A. N-Heterocyclic carbenes as “smart” gold nanoparticle stabilizers: State-of-the art and perspectives for biomedical applications. J Organomet Chem 2021; 938:121743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Saltarini S, Villegas-Escobar N, Martínez J, Daniliuc CG, Matute RA, Gade LH, Rojas RS. Toward a Neutral Single-Component Amidinate Iodide Aluminum Catalyst for the CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:1172-1182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Saltarini
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Javier Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Matute
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René S. Rojas
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
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12
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Gu Y, Wen H, Bai L, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Tian L, Zhang Y, Hao J, Liu Y. Exploring anticancer efficiency of mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 212:111215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Santolaya J, Busto N, Martínez-Alonso M, Espino G, Grunenberg J, Barone G, García B. Experimental and theoretical characterization of the strong effects on DNA stability caused by half-sandwich Ru(II) and Ir(III) bearing thiabendazole complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1067-1083. [PMID: 32951085 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two half-sandwich complexes of Ru(II) and Ir(III) with thiabendazole as ancillary ligand and their DNA binding ability were investigated using experimental and computational methods. 1H NMR and acid-base studies have shown that aquo-complexes are the reactive species. Kinetic studies show that both complexes bind covalently to DNA through the metal site and non covalently through the ancillary ligand. Thermal stability studies, viscosity, circular dichroism measurements and quantum chemical calculations have shown that the covalent binding causes breaking of the H-bonding between base pairs, bringing about DNA denaturation and compaction. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations shed light into the binding features of the Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes and their respective enantiomers toward double-helical DNA, highlighting the important role played by the NˆN ancillary ligand once the complexes are covalently linked to DNA. Moreover, metal quantification in the nucleus of SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells were carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), both complexes are more internalized than cisplatin after 4 h of exposition. However, in spite of the dramatic changes in the helicity of the DNA secondary structure induced by these complexes and their nuclear localization, antiproliferative studies have revealed that both, Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes, cannot be considered cytotoxic. This unexpected behavior can be justified by the fast formation of aquo-complexes, which may react with components of the cell culture medium or the cytoplasm compartment in such a way that they may become deactivated before reaching DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santolaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.,Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Begoña García
- Chemistry Department, University of Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
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Carrasco AC, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Habtemariam A, Pizarro AM. Structurally Strained Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Complexes As Highly Potent Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4005-4021. [PMID: 32207946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Six complexes of formula [Ir(η5:κ1-C5Me4CH2py)(C,N)]PF6, where C5Me4CH2py is 2-((2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)methyl)pyridine, and C,N is 2-phenylpyridine (1), 7,8-benzoquinoline (2), 1-phenylisoquinoline (3), 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine (4), 4-chloro-2-phenylquinoline (5), or 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (6), have been synthesized. The cyclopentadienyl ligand bears a tethered pyridine that binds to the metal center, resulting in an Ir(η5:κ1-C5Me4CH2pyN) tether-ring structure, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6. Nontether versions of 1 and 2 were synthesized to aid unambiguous correlation between structure and activity. While nontether complexes are highly potent toward MCF7 cancer cells (similar to cisplatin), complexes bearing the tether-ring structure, 1-6, are exceptionally more potent (1-2 orders of magnitude). Additionally, 1-6 disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and induce oxidative stress. Internalization studies strongly correlate intracellular accumulation and anticancer activity in tether and nontether complexes. We present a new class of organo-iridium drug candidates bearing a structural feature that results in a leap in anticancer potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraha Habtemariam
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Ana M Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Conesa JJ, Carrasco AC, Rodríguez‐Fanjul V, Yang Y, Carrascosa JL, Cloetens P, Pereiro E, Pizarro AM. Unambiguous Intracellular Localization and Quantification of a Potent Iridium Anticancer Compound by Correlative 3D Cryo X‐Ray Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Conesa
- MISTRAL beamline ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290 Barcelona Spain
- Current address: Department of Structure of Macromolecules Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- ID16A beamline ESRF-The European Synchrotron 38043 Grenoble France
| | - José L. Carrascosa
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ID16A beamline ESRF-The European Synchrotron 38043 Grenoble France
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL beamline ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana M. Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA 28049 Madrid Spain
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16
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Conesa JJ, Carrasco AC, Rodríguez‐Fanjul V, Yang Y, Carrascosa JL, Cloetens P, Pereiro E, Pizarro AM. Unambiguous Intracellular Localization and Quantification of a Potent Iridium Anticancer Compound by Correlative 3D Cryo X‐Ray Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1270-1278. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Conesa
- MISTRAL beamline ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290 Barcelona Spain
- Current address: Department of Structure of Macromolecules Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Yang Yang
- ID16A beamline ESRF-The European Synchrotron 38043 Grenoble France
| | - José L. Carrascosa
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ID16A beamline ESRF-The European Synchrotron 38043 Grenoble France
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL beamline ALBA Synchrotron Light Source Cerdanyola del Vallès 08290 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ana M. Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA 28049 Madrid Spain
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17
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Yang Y, Guo L, Ge X, Zhu T, Chen W, Zhou H, Zhao L, Liu Z. The Fluorine Effect in Zwitterionic Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:748-758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Yang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanxing Zhou
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhang WY, Wang YJ, Du F, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Yang LL, Liu YJ. Evaluation of anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo of iridium(III) complexes on gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:401-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Du Q, Guo L, Ge X, Zhao L, Tian Z, Liu X, Zhang F, Liu Z. Serendipitous Synthesis of Five-Coordinated Half-Sandwich Aminoimine Iridium(III) and Ruthenium(II) Complexes and Their Application as Potent Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5956-5965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Du
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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20
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Yang Y, Guo L, Tian Z, Ge X, Gong Y, Zheng H, Shi S, Liu Z. Lysosome-Targeted Phosphine-Imine Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Anticancer Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Yang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xingxing Ge
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuteng Gong
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shaopeng Shi
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Bin Y, Yang Y, Luo X, Zhang H. Novel 2-(2,5-methoxy-phenyl) imidazo [4,5-f]-[1, 10] phenanthrolin platinum(II) complex display high anticancer activity via dysfunction of mitochondrial signaling pathway. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019; 101:99-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Yang Y, Ge X, Guo L, Zhu T, Tian Z, Zhang H, Du Q, Peng H, Ma W, Liu Z. Zwitterionic and cationic half-sandwich iridium(iii) ruthenium(ii) complexes bearing sulfonate groups: synthesis, characterization and their different biological activities. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3193-3197. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work is the first demonstration of the different biological activity between zwitterionic and cationic complexes.
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