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Kruglov V, Jang IH, Camell CD. Inflammaging and fatty acid oxidation in monocytes and macrophages. Immunometabolism (Cobham) 2024; 6:e00038. [PMID: 38249577 PMCID: PMC10798594 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), primarily known as β-oxidation, plays a crucial role in breaking down fatty acids within mitochondria and peroxisomes to produce cellular energy and preventing metabolic dysfunction. Myeloid cells, including macrophages, microglia, and monocytes, rely on FAO to perform essential cellular functions and uphold tissue homeostasis. As individuals age, these cells show signs of inflammaging, a condition that includes a chronic onset of low-grade inflammation and a decline in metabolic function. These lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism and a decline in FAO pathways. Recent studies have shed light on metabolic shifts occurring in macrophages and monocytes during aging, correlating with an altered tissue environment and the onset of inflammaging. This review aims to provide insights into the connection of inflammatory pathways and altered FAO in macrophages and monocytes from older organisms. We describe a model in which there is an extended activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome within macrophages and monocytes. This leads to an increased level of glycolysis, and also promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production and signaling. As a result, FAO-related enzymes such as 5' AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α are reduced, adding to the escalation of inflammation, accumulation of lipids, and heightened cellular stress. We examine the existing body of literature focused on changes in FAO signaling within macrophages and monocytes and their contribution to the process of inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kruglov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - In Hwa Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina D. Camell
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Zhang R, Meng J, Yang S, Liu W, Shi L, Zeng J, Chang J, Liang B, Liu N, Xing D. Recent Advances on the Role of ATGL in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944025. [PMID: 35912266 PMCID: PMC9326118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the tumor microenvironment leads to reprogramming lipid metabolism in tumor cells. Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase= domain-containing protein 2 and Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), as an essential lipid metabolism-regulating enzyme in cells, is regulated accordingly under hypoxia induction. However, studies revealed that ATGL exhibits both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects, which depend on the cancer cell type and the site of tumorigenesis. For example, elevated ATGL expression in breast cancer is accompanied by enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), enhancing cancer cells’ metastatic ability. In prostate cancer, on the other hand, tumor activity tends to be negatively correlated with ATGL expression. This review outlined the regulation of ATGL-mediated lipid metabolism pathways in tumor cells, emphasizing the Hypoxia-inducible factors 1 (HIF-1)/Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HIG-2)/ATGL axis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2)/ATGL axis, and fat-specific protein 27 (FSP-27)/Early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1)/ATGL axis. In the light of recent research on different cancer types, the role of ATGL on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor metastasis was systemically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu, ; Dongming Xing,
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