Research on garlic capsule and selenium-vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C applied in therapy of acute hepatocellular damage in a rat model

Fansidar drug induces cytotoxicity in some vital tissues in a rat model: combination defensive effect of selenium and zinc capsules

AIM

Fansidar (FAN) is widely used as an antimalarial drug, but it may cause hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Hence, the study examines the cytoprotection of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) tablets against FAN induced toxicity.

METHOD

Group I was given distilled water. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg FAN by gavage. Group III was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet. Group IV was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. Group V was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet + 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. The exposure lasted for 7 days (sub-acute exposure).

RESULT

FAN causes cytotoxicity through significant (p < 0.05) alteration of antioxidant molecules and hepatic enzymes. It also significantly (p < 0.05) induces renal, hepatocyte, and purkinje cell damage, but no visible lesion on testicular cells. The FAN induced cytotoxicity was significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on treatment with both single and combined antioxidant tablets.

CONCLUSION

Our study supports the view that antioxidant micronutrient (Se and Zn) tablets may be a useful modulator in alleviating FAN induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male rats.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

Combined selenium and zinc capsules: better therapy against cytotoxicity Fansidar was approved by United States' Food and Drug Administration as an anti-malarial drug to treat acute and complicated malaria fever among patients in West Africa; however, its usage elicits toxicity to several organs of the body. It was elucidated that the combination of selenium and zinc capsules promotes organ wellness on co-treatment with Fansidar.

Toxicokinetics and Biliary Excretion of N-Nitrosodiethylamine in Rat Supplemented with Low and High Dietary Proteins

Although biliary excretion is one of the biological elimination processes for foreign compounds, intake of high-protein diets was hypothesized to enhance their detoxification rates. Hence, this study investigates the effect of differential dietary protein intake on toxicokinetics and biliary excretion in rats following exposure to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The animals were divided into five groups. Groups I and II were exposed to low and high dietary proteins following a single intraperitoneal dose of 43 µg NDEA/kg body weight, respectively. Groups III and IV were equally treated after a combined single intraperitoneal dose of 43 µg NDEA plus 0.022µg AFB_I/kg body weight, respectively. Group V was fed with low-protein diets following a single intraperitoneal dose of 0.022µg AFB1/kg body weight. The experiment lasted 35 days. The bile excreted higher amounts of unchanged NDEA than nitrite. The groups placed on high-protein diets (HPD = 64%) eliminated higher amounts of the unchanged NDEA and nitrite than the lower-protein diet (LPD = 8%) groups. Furthermore, the animals fed with high dietary protein (HPD = 64%) depicted short half-life with corresponding increase in elimination rate constant. The presence of AFB₁ heightened the excretion of bound NDEA with AFB₁ than NDEA only. Generally, this study advocates that N-nitrosodiethylamine and the corresponding metabolites follow hepatobiliary system potentiated by high intake of dietary proteins.

Functional Oil from Black Seed Differentially Inhibits Aldose-reductase and Ectonucleotidase Activities by Up-regulating Cellular Energy in Haloperidol-induced Hepatic Toxicity in Rat Liver

In this study, the effect of rate-limiting enzymes involved in degradation of hepatic adenosine and intracellular sorbitol was investigated in rats exposed to haloperidol (HAL) and treated with functional oil (FO), containing principal active phytochemicals from black seed. Animals were divided into six groups (n=10): Distilled water, HAL 15 mg/kg, pre-administration/HAL 15 mg/kg, co-administration/HAL 15 mg/kg, post-administration/HAL 15 mg/kg, FO 150 mg/kg. The results of this study revealed that the activities of ectonucleotidase and aldose-reductase were significantly increased in HAL-treated rats when compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, differential treatments (pre, co and post) with FO depleted the activities of these enzymes compared with HAL-treated rats. Furthermore, therapeutic HAL administration increased the levels of key hepatic biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP) and malondialdehyde level with a concomitant decrease in functional hepatic cellular ATP. However, differential treatment with FO increases hepatic ATP and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde and liver biomarkers. Therefore, results of this finding underlined the importance of aldose-reductase and econucleotidase activities in HAL induced toxicity and suggest some possible mechanisms of action by which FO prevent HAL-induced hepatic toxicity in rats.