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Hu B, Yao ZP. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with wooden tips: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339136. [PMID: 35569859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a powerful ionization technique in mass spectrometry (MS). There has been an increasing interest for the new development of ESI technique to extend its applications. ESI-MS with wooden tips (wooden-tip ESI-MS), an ESI technique invented in 2011, enabled not only new applications but also new insights into the ESI mechanism. In this review, the technical aspects of wooden-tip ESI-MS are described, the new features of wooden-tip ESI-MS for sampling and ionization of analytes are highlighted, and the important applications of wooden-tip ESI-MS in various fields in the past 10 years, including food safety, forensic investigation, environmental analysis, biomedical analysis and protein study, are summarized. The perspectives on the further development and applications of wooden-tip ESI-MS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Lv Y, Wang S, Liang P, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jia Q, Fu J, Han S, He L. Screening and evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 components from Ephedra sinica by ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2995-3004. [PMID: 33608752 PMCID: PMC7895511 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines played an important role in the treatment of COVID-19 in 2020. Ephedra sinica, one of the major constituent herbs of multi-component herbal formula, has been widely used to treat COVID-19 in China. However, its active components are still unclear. The objectives of this study are to screen and evaluate active components from the traditional Chinese medicine Ephedra sinica for the treatment of COVID-19. In our study, we established an ACE2/CMC bioaffinity chromatography model, and then developed an ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS system for the active compounds screening and identification from Ephedra sinica extract. We performed molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays to assess the binding characteristics (binding mode and KD value). We used CCK-8 staining to assess the toxicity of screened compounds, and also used SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus to observe the viropexis effect of screened compounds in ACE2h cells. In this current work, one fraction was fished out, separated and identified as ephedrine (EP), pseudoephedrine (PEP), and methylephedrine (MEP). Binding assays showed that the three compounds could bind with ACE2 in a special way to some amino acid residues, similar to the way SARS-CoV-2 bound with ACE2. Additionally, the three compounds, especially EP, can inhibit the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus into ACE2h cells because they can reduce the entrance ratio of pseudovirus in the pseudovirus model. Overall, the ACE2/CMC-HPLC-IT-TOF-MS system was established and verified to be suitable for ACE2-targeted bioactive compound screening. EP, PEP, and MEP with ACE2-binding features were screened out from Ephedra sinica, and acted as blockers inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus entering ACE2h cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peida Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Yang J, Song G, Wen D, Liu W, Jin M, Wang Q, Du Y, Sun Q, Cao L, Xu H. A high-throughput metabolomics approach for the comprehensive differentiation of four Pulsatilla Adans herbs combined with a nontargeted bidirectional screen for rapid identification of triterpenoid saponins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2071-88. [PMID: 30734858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatilla Adans (PSA) herbs (Ranunculaceae) have been widely used in traditional medicine in China and other countries. However, the authentication and quality control of PSA herbs have always been a challenging task due to their similar morphological characteristics and the diversity of the multiple components that exist in the complicated matrix. Herein, a novel integrated strategy combining UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS techniques with chemometrics analysis is proposed for the discrimination of PSA materials. We developed a comprehensive method integrating a nontargeted bidirectionally screened (NTBDS) MS data set and a targeted extraction peak area analysis for the characterization of triterpenoid saponins of PSA from different species. After that, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on the obtained MS data set and the parameter variable importance for the projection (VIP) value and P value were employed to screen the valuable MS features to discriminate PSA from different species. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is used to verify the reliability of MS features. Finally, heatmap visualization was employed to clarify the distribution of the identified triterpenoid saponins, and four medicinal species of PSA were successfully differentiated. Additionally, 34 constituents were reported in PSAs for the first time, 81 triterpenoid saponins were identified as differential components, and 12 chemical ingredients were characterized as potential chemical markers to differentiate the four officinal PSA herbs. This is the first time that the differences in different PSA herbs have been observed systematically at the chemical level. The results suggested that using the identified characteristic components as chemical markers to identify different PSA herbs was effective and viable. This method provides promising perspectives in the analysis and identification of the ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, and the identification of similar herbs from the same species.
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Abstract
Pharmaceutical industries should apply rigorous QC (quality control) to ensure the consistency, safety, and efficacy of their herbal derived drug-preparations. QC must be performed at every stage of the production line i.e. incoming raw materials, extractions, in-process control, finished products and keeping samples. Due to the complex nature of the chemical content of herbal drugs, two approaches to QC should be taken, that is quantitative determination of the selected marker(s) compound(s), and metabolite profiling. Contamination of herbal medicines by heavy metals, pesticides, toxic metabolites, microbial toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and other foreign matter should also be evaluated. A combination of chemical profiling and multivariate analysis (MVA) is recommended as the QC tool for the botanical identification method (BIM) of herbs, extracts, herb materials, and herbal drug preparations. Microscopic methods, DNA profiling or chemical marker(s) are not recommended for use as the sole BIM due to the lack of specificity. Only markers that meet certain criteria i.e. quality active (QA) markers can be utilized as a QC tool. The limit specification range of markers used as QC tools should be described in the analytical target profile (ATP). To gain reliable results of any analysis that has been performed at any QC laboratory, the analysis method must be validated according to the newest guidance. Sample detection limit of any toxic compound(s) should be lower than its cut-off value and MPL. The reliability of any results of analysis of a QC laboratory must be evaluated by using QC-samples for each series of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunawan Indrayanto
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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Crighton E, Mullaney I, Trengove R, Bunce M, Maker G. The application of metabolomics for herbal medicine pharmacovigilance: a case study on ginseng. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:429-35. [PMID: 27980093 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are growing in popularity, use and commercial value; however, there remain problems with the quality and consequently safety of these products. Adulterated, contaminated and fraudulent products are often found on the market, a risk compounded by the fact that these products are available to consumers with little or no medical advice. Current regulations and quality control methods are lacking in their ability to combat these serious problems. Metabolomics is a biochemical profiling tool that may help address these issues if applied to quality control of both raw ingredients and final products. Using the example of the popular herbal medicine, ginseng, this essay offers an overview of the potential use of metabolomics for quality control in herbal medicines and also highlights where more research is needed.
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