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Ateia M, Maroli A, Tharayil N, Karanfil T. The overlooked short- and ultrashort-chain poly- and perfluorinated substances: A review. Chemosphere 2019; 220:866-882. [PMID: 33395808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluorinated substances (PFAS) comprise more than 3000 individual compounds; nevertheless, most studies to date have focused mainly on the fate, transport and remediation of long-chain PFAS (C > 7). The main objective of this article is to provide the first critical review of the peer-reviewed studies on the analytical methods, occurrence, mobility, and treatment for ultra-short-chain PFAS (C = 2-3) and short-chain PFAS (C = 4-7). Previous studies frequently detected ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS in various types of aqueous environments including seas, oceans, rivers, surface/urban runoffs, drinking waters, groundwaters, rain/snow, and deep polar seas. Besides, the recent regulations and restrictions on the use of long-chain PFAS has resulted in a significant shift in the industry towards short-chain alternatives. However, our understanding of the environmental fate and remediation of these ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS is still fragmentary. We have also covered the handful studies involving the removal of ultra-short and short-chain PFAS and identified the future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Amith Maroli
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA.
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Dbira S, Bensalah N, Zagho MM, Ennahaoui M, Bedoui A. Oxidative Degradation of Tannic Acid in Aqueous Solution by UV/S2O82− and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ Processes: A Comparative Study. Applied Sciences 2019; 9:156. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a major pollutant present in the wastewater generated from vegetable tanneries process and food processing. This work studied TA degradation by two advanced oxidation processes (APOs): UV irradiation at the wavelength of 254 nm in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous iron (photo-Fenton) and in the presence of potassium persulfate. The influence of certain experimental parameters such as K2S2O8, H2O2, Fe2+, and TA concentrations, initial pH and temperature was evaluated in order to obtain the highest efficiency in terms of aromatics (decay in UV absorbance at 276 nm) and TOC removals. Chemical oxidation of TA (0.1 mM) by UV/persulfate achieved 96.32% of aromatics removal and 54.41% of TOC removal under optimized conditions of pH = 9 and 53.10 mM of K2S2O8 after 60 min. The treatment of TA by photo-Fenton process successfully led to almost complete aromatics removal (99.32%) and high TOC removal (94.27%) from aqueous solutions containing 0.1 mM of TA at natural pH = 3 using 29.4 mM of H2O2 and 0.18 mM of Fe2+ at 25 °C after 120 min. More efficient degradation of TA by photo-Fenton process than UV/persulfate was obtained, which confirms that hydroxyl radicals are more powerful oxidants than sulfate radicals. The complete removal of organic pollution from natural waters can be accomplished by direct chemical oxidation via hydroxyl radicals generated from photocatalytic decomposition of H2O2.
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Paradis CJ, Moon JW, Elias DA, McKay LD, Hazen TC. In situ decay of polyfluorinated benzoic acids under anaerobic conditions. J Contam Hydrol 2018; 217:8-16. [PMID: 30201555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluorinated benzoic acids (PBAs) can be used as non-reactive tracers to characterize reactive mass transport mechanisms in groundwater. The use of PBAs as non-reactive tracers assumes that their reactivities are negligible. If this assumption is not valid, PBAs may not be appropriate to use as non-reactive tracers. In this study, the reactivity of two PBAs, 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (2,6-DFBA) and pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA), was tested in situ. A series of two single-well push-pull tests were conducted in two hydrogeologically similar, yet spatially distinct, groundwater monitoring wells. Bromide, 2,6-DFBA, and PFBA were added to the injection fluid and periodically measured in the extraction fluid along with chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and fluoride. Linear regression of the dilution-adjusted breakthrough curves of both PBAs indicated zero-order decay accompanied by nitrate and subsequent sulfate removal. The dilution-adjusted breakthrough curves of chloride, a non-reactive halide similar to bromide, showed no evidence of reactivity. These results strongly suggested that biodegradation of both PBAs occurred under anaerobic conditions. The results of this study implied that PBAs may not be appropriate to use as non-reactive tracers in certain hydrogeologic settings, presumably those where they can serve as carbon and/or electron donors to stimulate microbial activity. Future studies would benefit from using ring-14C-labeled PBAs to determine the fate of carbon combined with microbial analyses to characterize the PBA-degrading members of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Paradis
- University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ji-Won Moon
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dwayne A Elias
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Larry D McKay
- University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Terry C Hazen
- University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Knoxville, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Department of Microbiology, Knoxville, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Knoxville, TN, USA; University of Tennessee, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Colomban C, Sorokin AB. Comparison of μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine – H 2O 2 and Fenton systems in transformation of poly- and perfluorinated aromatics does not support the involvement of hydroxyl radicals. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1467009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), UMR 5256, CNRS-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), UMR 5256, CNRS-Université Lyon, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Colomban C, Kudrik EV, Afanasiev P, Sorokin AB. Catalytic Defluorination of Perfluorinated Aromatics under Oxidative Conditions Using N-Bridged Diiron Phthalocyanine. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11321-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l′Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS − Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evgenij V. Kudrik
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l′Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS − Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pavel Afanasiev
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l′Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS − Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur
la Catalyse et l′Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS − Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Dai CM, Zhou XF, Zhang YL, Duan YP, Qiang ZM, Zhang TC. Comparative study of the degradation of carbamazepine in water by advanced oxidation processes. Environ Technol 2012; 33:1101-1109. [PMID: 22856279 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.610359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) using ultraviolet (UV), UV/H2O2, Fenton, UV/Fenton and photocatalytic oxidation with TiO2 (UV/TiO2) was studied in deionized water. The five different oxidation processes were compared for the removal kinetics of CBZ. The results showed that all the processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The direct photolysis (UV alone) was found to be less effective than UV/H2O2 oxidation for the degradation of CBZ. An approximate 20% increase in the CBZ removal efficiency occurred with the UV/Fenton reaction as compared with the Fenton oxidation. In the UV/TiO2 system, the kinetics of CBZ degradation in the presence of different concentrations of TiO2 followed the pseudo-first order degradation, which was consistent with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model. On a time basis, the degradation efficiencies ofCBZ were in the following order: UV/Fenton (86.9% +/- 1.7%) > UV/TiO2 (70.4% +/- 4.2%) > Fenton (67.8% +/- 2.6%) > UV/H2O2 (40.65 +/- 5.1%) > UV (12.2% +/- 1.4%). However, the lowest cost was obtained with the Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Meng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongli University, Shanghai 200092, China
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El-Said GF, Draz SEO. Physicochemical and geochemical characteristics of raw marine sediment used in fluoride removal. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2010; 45:1601-1615. [PMID: 20721801 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2010.506117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The study was directed to use raw marine sediment in the removal of fluoride. The sediment was mainly composed of calcite, magnesium-calcite and aragonite. The effect of the initial fluoride concentration, pH and the contact time was studied at room temperature to determine the adsorption capacity of the sediment. The optimum adsorption capacity was observed at pH values of 5 and 6.2. The adsorption process was fast and the equilibrium was reached within 60 min. For fluoride solutions of 10 and 15 mg/L, 100% removal was obtained onto 0.1 g of raw marine sediment. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion equations were used to deduce the kinetic data. The adsorption mechanism was rather complex process, and the intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. The equilibrium data were tested using thirteen isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Erunauer-Emmett-Teller, Flory-Huggins, Non-ideal competitive adsorption, Generalized, Redlich Peterson, Khan, Sips, Koble Corrigan and Toth isotherm equations). Five different error functions were applied. For the sorption of fluoride process, the calculated activation energy and the free energy were of 0.707 and -14.491 kJ /mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada F El-Said
- Marine Pollution Department, Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, El-Anfushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ravichandran L, Selvam K, Swaminathan M. Highly efficient activated carbon loaded TiO2 for photo defluoridation of pentafluorobenzoic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ravichandran L, Selvam K, Swaminathan M. Photoassisted Catalytic Cleavage of the C - F Bond in Pentafluorophenol With ZnO and the Effect of Operational Parameters. Aust J Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ch07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic cleavage of the C–F bond in pentafluorophenol (PFP) with ZnO using 254 and 365 nm UV light has been investigated under different conditions. The defluoridation was monitored using an ionometer with a fluoride ion selective electrode. The photocleavage was more effective under 254 nm than under 365 nm UV light. With 254 nm UV light, TiO2-P25, TiO2 (anatase), ZnO, and ZrO2 photocatalyzed the deflouridation of PFP, whereas CdS, CdO, and SnO2 did not. The defluoridation is enhanced by the addition of oxidants such as KIO4, KClO3, (NH4)2S2O8, and KBrO3. The periodate ion is found to be the most efficient oxidant. The defluoridation intermediates were found to be tetrafluorodihydroxybenzene, trifluorotrihydroxybenzene, and tetrafluoroquinone
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