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Olaya-Abril A, González-Reyes JA, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Approaching In Vivo Models of Pneumococcus-Host Interaction: Insights into Surface Proteins, Capsule Production, and Extracellular Vesicles. Pathogens 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34578131 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae have become a major health problem worldwide because of their high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. This microorganism colonizes the human upper respiratory tract and becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances, which are not well known. In the interaction with the host, bacterial surface structures and proteins play major roles. To gain knowledge into gradual changes and adaptive mechanisms that this pathogen undergoes from when it enters the host, we mimicked several in vivo situations representing interaction with epithelial and macrophage cells, as well as a condition of presence in blood. Then, we analyzed, in four pneumococcal strains, two major surface structures, the capsule and extracellular vesicles produced by the pneumococci, as well as surface proteins by proteomics, using the “shaving” approach, followed by LC-MS/MS. We found important differences in both surface ultrastructures and proteins among the culture conditions and strains used. Thus, this work provides insights into physiological adaptations of the pneumococcus when it interacts with the host, which may be useful for the design of strategies to combat infections caused by this pathogen.
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Li Q, Lv Y, Li YA, Du Y, Guo W, Chu D, Wang X, Wang S, Shi H. Live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering a conserved surface protein enolase induces high and broad protection against Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 7, and 9 in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:6904-6913. [PMID: 32907758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major zoonotic pathogen in swine, can be classified into 35 serotypes. However, no universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis is available, though some studies have shown homologous protection. Hence, developing an effective universal vaccine to protect pigs against multiple S. suis serotypes is necessary, or at the very least, to protect pigs against diseases caused by the dominant pathogenic serotypes. Enolase, a highly conserved surface protein, is present in all of the described S. suis serotypes. rSC0016 is an improved recombinant attenuated S. Choleraesuis vaccine vector, combining a sopB mutation with regulated delayed systems, achieving an adequate balance between host safety and immunogenicity. In order to develop a universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis, a novel recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016 that carries a heterologous antigen enolase was developed in this study. According, it was found that the recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) exhibited better colonization compared to the vaccine control strain rSC0018(pYA3493). In addition, a mouse model immunized with the strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) elicited significant IgG antibody responses against both enolase and Salmonella antigens, while inducing good mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses against enolase. Finally, immunization with rSC0016(pS-Enolase) was shown to confer 100%, 80%, and 100% protection against the serotypes of SS2, SS7, and SS9, respectively, and significantly reduced histopathological lesions in mice. Overall, this study provides a promising universal vaccine candidate for use against the multiple serotypes of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yifan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA.
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China.
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Prados de la Torre E, Rodríguez-Franco A, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis of Streptococcus suis Human Isolates: Combined Prediction of Potential Vaccine Candidates. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E188. [PMID: 32325736 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for major infections in pigs and economic losses in the livestock industry, but also an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing serious diseases in humans. No vaccine is available so far against this microorganism. Conserved surface proteins are among the most promising candidates for new and effective vaccines. Until now, research on this pathogen has focused on swine isolates, but there is a lack of studies to identify and characterize surface proteins from human clinical isolates. In this work, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of six clinical isolates from human patients, all belonging to the major serotype 2, by “shaving” the live bacterial cells with trypsin, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. We identified 131 predicted surface proteins and carried out a label-free semi-quantitative analysis of protein abundances within the six strains. Then, we combined our proteomics results with bioinformatic tools to help improving the selection of novel antigens that can enter the pipeline of vaccine candidate testing. Our work is then a complement to the reverse vaccinology concept.
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Wang Y, Yi L, Sun LY, Liu YC, Wen WY, Li XK, Mei JJ, Ding K, Wu TC, Grenier D. Identification and characterization of a Streptococcus suis immunogenic ornithine carbamoytransferase involved in bacterial adherence. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020; 53:234-9. [PMID: 29934035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (SS) is a major swine pathogen and a serious zoonotic pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in piglets and humans. Using an immunoproteomic approach, we previously brought evidence that ornithine carbamoytransferase (OCT) may represent a vaccine candidate to protect against S. suis biofilm-related and acute infections. METHOD In this study, the gene encoding OCT was cloned into the expression vector pET-28a and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the SS OCT was further investigated in a mouse model. RESULTS The protein was found to be expressed in vivo and elicited high antibody titers following SS infections in mice. An animal challenge experiment with SS showed that 62.5% of mice immunized with the OCT protein were protected. Using an in vitro competitive adherence inhibition assay of adherence, evidence was obtained that OCT could significantly reduce the number of SS cells adhered to porcine kidney PK-15 cells. The bacterial levels recovered in mice of the OCT immunized group were significantly decreased in some organs, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION In summary, our results suggest that the recombinant SS OCT protein, which is involved in bacterial adherence, may efficiently stimulate an immune response conferring protection against SS infections. It may therefore be considered as a potential vaccine candidate, although further studies are necessary to evaluate their use in swine.
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Yang S, Yang B, Khaliq H, Li K, Ahmed S, Sajid A, Zhang B, Chen P, Qiu Y, Cao J, He Q. PK-PD Integration Modeling and Cutoff Value of Florfenicol against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29387013 PMCID: PMC5776115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to establish optimal doses and provide an alternate COPD for florfenicol against Streptococcus suis based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration modeling. The recommended dose (30 mg/kg b.w.) were administered in healthy pigs through intramuscular and intravenous routes for pharmacokinetic studies. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Cmax, AUC0-24h, AUC, Ke, t1/2ke, MRT, Tmax, and Clb, were estimated as 4.44 μg/ml, 88.85 μg⋅h/ml, 158.56 μg⋅h/ml, 0.048 h-1, 14.46 h, 26.11 h, 4 h and 0.185 L/h⋅kg, respectively. The bioavailability of florfenicol was calculated to be 99.14% after I.M administration. A total of 124 Streptococcus suis from most cities of China were isolated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of florfenicol. The MIC50 and MIC90 were calculated as 1 and 2 μg/ml. A serotype 2 Streptococcus suis (WH-2), with MIC value similar to MIC90, was selected as a representative for an in vitro and ex vivo pharmacodynamics study. The MIC values of WH-2 in TSB and plasma were 2 μg/ml, and the MBC/MIC ratios were 2 in TSB and plasma. The MPC was detected to be 3.2 μg/ml. According to inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, plasma AUC0-24h/MIC values of florfenicol versus Streptococcus suis were 37.89, 44.02, and 46.42 h for the bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and elimination activity, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations the optimal doses for bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and elimination effects were calculated as 16.5, 19.17, and 20.14 mg/kg b.w. for 50% target attainment rates (TAR), and 21.55, 25.02, and 26.85 mg/kg b.w. for 90% TAR, respectively. The PK-PD cutoff value (COPD) analyzed from MCS for florfenicol against Streptococcus suis was 1 μg/ml which could provide a sensitivity cutoff value. These results contributed an optimized alternative to clinical veterinary medicine and showed that the dose of 25.02 mg/kg florfenicol for 24 h could have a bactericidal action against Streptococcus suis after I.M administration. However, it should be validated in clinical practice in the future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haseeb Khaliq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of lllinois at Urbana - Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdul Sajid
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Li YA, Ji Z, Wang X, Wang S, Shi H. Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering SaoA antigen confers protection against Streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 7 in mice and pigs. Vet Res 2017; 48:89. [PMID: 29268787 PMCID: PMC5740921 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the major pathogens that cause economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. However, current bacterins only provide limited prophylactic protection in the field. An ideal vaccine against S. suis should protect pigs against the clinical diseases caused by multiple serotypes, or at least protect against the dominant serotype in a given geographic region. A new recombinant Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis vaccine vector, rSC0011, that is based on the regulated delayed attenuation system and regulated delayed antigen synthesis system, was developed recently. In this study, an improved recombinant attenuated Salmonella Choleraesuis vector, rSC0016, was developed by incorporating a sopB mutation to ensure adequate safety and maximal immunogenicity. In the spleens of mice, rSC0016 colonized less than rSC0011. rSC0016 and rSC0011 colonized similarly in Peyer's patches of mice. The recombinant vaccine rSC0016(pS-SaoA) induced stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses in mice and swine against SaoA, a conserved surface protein that is present in many S. suis serotypes, than did rSC0011(pS-SaoA) without sopB or rSC0018(pS-SaoA), which is an avirulent, chemically attenuated vaccine strain. rSC0016(pS-SaoA) provided 100% protection against S. suis serotype 2 in mice and pigs, and full cross-protection against SS7 in pigs. This new vaccine vector provides a foundation for the development of a universal vaccine against multiple serotypes of S. suis in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhenying Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0880, USA
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Lei Z, Liu Q, Yang B, Khaliq H, Cao J, He Q. PK-PD Analysis of Marbofloxacin against Streptococcus suis in Pigs. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:856. [PMID: 29209222 PMCID: PMC5701813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marbofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and highly effective treatment for respiratory diseases. Here we aimed to evaluate the ex vivo activity of marbofloxacin against Streptococcus suis in pig serum, as well as the optimal dosages scheme for avoiding the fluoroquinolone resistance development. A single dose of 8 mg/kg body weight (bw) was administrated orally to healthy pigs and serum samples were collected during the next 72 h. Serum marbofloxacin content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. We estimated the Cmax (6.28 μg/ml), AUC0-24 h (60.30 μg.h/ml), AUC0-∞ (88.94 μg.h/ml), T1/2ke, (12.48 h), Tmax (0.75 h) and Clb (0.104 L/h) of marbofloxacin in pigs, as well as the bioavailability of marbofloxacin (94.21%) after a single 8 mg/kg oral administration. We also determined the pharmacodynamic of marbofloxacin against 134 Streptococcus suis strains isolated from Chinese cities in TSB and serum. These isolated strains had a MIC90 of 1 μg/ml. HB2, a virulent, serotype 2 isolate of SS, was selected for having antibacterial activity in TSB and serum to marbofloxacin. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 1 μg/ml in TSB, 2 μg/ml in serum), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 4 μg/ml in TSB, 4 μg/ml in serum), and mutant prevention concentration (2.56 μg/ml in TSB) for marbofloxacin against Streptococcus suis (HB2). In serum, by inhibitory sigmoid Emax modeling, the AUC0-24h/MIC values for marbofloxacin against HB2 were 25.23 (bacteriostatic), 35.64 (bactericidal), and 39.71 (elimination) h. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, the predicted optimal oral doses of marbofloxacin curing Streptococcus suis were 5.88 (bacteriostatic), 8.34 (bactericidal), and 9.36 (elimination) mg/kg.bw for a 50% target attainment ratio, and 8.16 (bacteriostatic), 11.31 (bactericidal), and 12.35 (elimination) mg/kg.bw for a 90% target attainment ratio. The data presented here provides optimized dosage information for clinical use; however, these predicted dosages should also be validated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Lei
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianying Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haseeb Khaliq
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyue Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Yu J, Xu Z, Liu L, Song Y, Sun X, Zhang A, Jin M. HP1330 Contributes to Streptococcus suis Virulence by Inducing Toll-Like Receptor 2- and ERK1/2-Dependent Pro-inflammatory Responses and Influencing In Vivo S. suis Loads. Front Immunol 2017; 8:869. [PMID: 28824616 PMCID: PMC5534446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis 2 (SS2) has evolved into a highly invasive pathogen responsible for two large-scale outbreaks of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) in China. Excessive inflammation stimulated by SS2 is considered a hallmark of STSLS, even it also plays important roles in other clinical symptoms of SS2-related disease, including meningitis, septicemia, and sudden death. However, the mechanism of SS2-caused excessive inflammation remains poorly understood. Here, a novel pro-inflammatory protein was identified (HP1330), which could induce robust expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β) in RAW264.7 macrophages. To evaluate the role of HP1330 in SS2 virulence, an hp1330-deletion mutant (Δhp1330) was constructed. In vitro, hp1330 disruption led to a decreased pro-inflammatory ability of SS2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo, Δhp1330 showed reduced lethality, pro-inflammatory activity, and bacterial loads in mice. To further elucidate the mechanism of HP1330-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, antibody blocking and gene-deletion experiments with macrophages were performed. The results revealed that the pro-inflammatory activity of HP1330 depended on the recognition of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways could significantly decrease HP1330-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and western blot analysis showed that HP1330 could induce activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that HP1330 contributes to SS2 virulence by inducing TLR2- and ERK1/2-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production and influencing in vivo bacterial loads, implying that HP1330 may be associated with STSLS caused by SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Kong D, Chen Z, Wang J, Lv Q, Jiang H, Zheng Y, Xu M, Zhou X, Hao H, Jiang Y. Interaction of factor H-binding protein of Streptococcus suis with globotriaosylceramide promotes the development of meningitis. Virulence 2017; 8:1290-1302. [PMID: 28402705 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1317426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important emerging zoonotic agent that causes acute bacterial meningitis in humans with high mortality and morbidity. Our previous work showed that factor H-binding protein (Fhb) contributed to virulence of S. suis, but the role of Fhb in the development of S. suis meningitis remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that Fhb contributed to the traversal of S. suis across the human blood-brain barrier by allelic-exchange mutagenesis, complementation and specific antibody blocking studies. We also showed that globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), the receptor of Fhb, was involved in this process and affected S. suis infection-induced activation of myosin light chain 2 through Rho/ROCK signaling in hCMEC/D3 cells. Using a murine model of S. suis meningitis, we further demonstrated that Gb3-deficiency prevented the mice from developing severe brain inflammation or injury. Our results demonstrate that the Fhb-Gb3 interaction plays an important role in the development of S. suis meningitis and might be a potential therapeutic target against S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decong Kong
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhe Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b College of Biological Science & Technology , Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang , China
| | - Junping Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,d Urumqi Ethnic Cadres' College , Urumqi , China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Maokai Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- c CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- c CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity , Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
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Li Q, Ma C, Fu Y, He Y, Yu Y, Du D, Yao H, Lu C, Zhang W. Factor H specifically capture novel Factor H-binding proteins of Streptococcus suis and contribute to the virulence of the bacteria. Microbiol Res 2017; 196:17-25. [PMID: 28164787 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Factor H (FH), a regulatory protein of the complement system, can bind specifically to factor H-binding proteins (FHBPs) of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), which contribute to evasion of host innate immune defenses. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel FHBPs and characterize the biological functions of FH in SS2 pathogenesis. Here, a method that combined proteomics and Far-western blotting was developed to identify the surface FHBPs of SS2. With this method, fourteen potential novel FHBPs were identified among SS2 surface proteins. We selected eight newly identified proteins and further confirmed their binding activity to FH. The binding of SS2 to immobilized FH decreased dramatically after pre-incubation with anti-FHBPs polyclonal antibodies. We showed for the first time that SS2 also interact specifically with mouse FH. Furthermore, we found that FH play an important role in adherence and invasion of SS2 to HEp-2 cells. Additionally, using a mouse model of intraperitoneal challenge, we confirmed that SS2 pre-incubated with FH enhanced bacteremia and brain invasion, compared with SS2 not pretreated with FH. Taken together, this study provides a useful method to characterize the host-bacteria interactions. These results first indicated that binding of FH to the cell surface improved the adherence and invasion of SS2 to HEp-2 cells, promoting SS2 to resist killing and leading to enhance virulence.
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11
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Gómez-Gascón L, Cardoso-Toset F, Tarradas C, Gómez-Laguna J, Maldonado A, Nielsen J, Olaya-Abril A, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Luque I. Characterization of the immune response and evaluation of the protective capacity of rSsnA against Streptococcus suis infection in pigs. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:52-9. [PMID: 27477507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efforts made to develop vaccines against Streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. The cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, DNA-nuclease (SsnA), present in most of the S. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected. An experimental challenge against S. suis serotype 2 in a pig model was used to validate the efficacy of recombinant SsnA combined with aluminium hydroxide plus Quil A as adjuvants, previously tested in mice by our research group with good results. In our study, clinical characteristics, bacterial load and spread, haematological and immunological parameters and the antibody response, including the opsonophagocytosis analysis of the sera were evaluated. Moreover the composition of peripheral blood leukocyte populations was studied in infected animals. The results show that the immunization of piglets with rSsnA elicits a significant humoral antibody response. However, the antibody response is not reflected in protection of pigs that are challenged with a virulent strain in our conventional vaccination model. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the use of rSsnA as a vaccine candidate for swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Fernando Cardoso-Toset
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; CICAP-Food Research Centre, Córdoba, Pozoblanco,14400, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Maldonado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Lindholm, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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12
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Zhang C, Hao H, Yu Y, Kong D, Chen S, Jiang H, Yuan Y, Zheng Y, Yang M, Jiang Y. Structural basis of the interaction between the meningitis pathogen Streptococcus suis adhesin Fhb and its human receptor. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1384-92. [PMID: 27086582 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified Streptococcus suis adhesin factor H-binding protein (Fhb) targets the host cellular receptor glycolipid GbO3 through its N terminus. However, it is unclear how Fhb interacts with its receptor. Here, we determined the complex structure of factor H-binding protein receptor-binding domain (Fhb RBD) with Gb2, an analog of its receptor, revealing that Gb2 binds in a pocket of the β sandwich core domain. We identified the key residues for Fhb RBD receptor binding using mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry. Mutagenesis analyses indicated that Fhb binds to Gb2 mainly through hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Our findings provided structural insights into the Fhb-mediated host-pathogen interactions of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Protein Sciences of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
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13
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Fu L, Zhao J, Lin L, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Han L, Xie C, Zhou R, Jin M, Zhang A. Characterization of IgA1 protease as a surface protective antigen of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:285-9. [PMID: 26774332 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
IgA1 protease of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) has been proven to be relative with virulence and immunogenicity, however, its protective efficacy remained to be evaluated. The present study found evidence that immunization with purified recombinant IgA1 protease (600-1926aa) could induce high IgG antibody titers and could confer complete protection against a challenge with a lethal dose of SS2 in a mouse model. In addition, our findings confirmed that the IgA1 protease distributes on the surface of SS2. Therefore, the present study identified the virulence-associated protein, IgA1 protease, as a novel surface protective antigen of SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Li Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Caiyun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent of human meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. S. suis is a well-encapsulated pathogen and multiple serotypes have been described based on the capsular polysaccharide antigenic diversity. In addition, high genotypic, phenotypic and geographic variability exits among strains within the same serotype. Besides, S. suis uses an arsenal of virulence factors to evade the host immune system. Together, these characteristics have challenged the development of efficacious vaccines to fight this important pathogen. In this careful and comprehensive review, clinical field information and experimental data have been compiled and compared for the first time to give a precise overview of the current status of vaccine development against S. suis. The candidate antigens and vaccine formulations under research are examined and the feasibility of reaching the goal of a "universal" cross-protective S. suis vaccine discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- a Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Montreal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , J2S 2M2 Canada
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15
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Obando I, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. A Pneumococcal Protein Array as a Platform to Discover Serodiagnostic Antigens Against Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2591-608. [PMID: 26183717 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the most common and severe diseases associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children and adults. Etiological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children is generally challenging because of limitations of diagnostic tests and interference with nasopharyngeal colonizing strains. Serological assays have recently gained interest to overcome some problems found with current diagnostic tests in pediatric pneumococcal pneumonia. To provide insight into this field, we have developed a protein array to screen the antibody response to many antigens simultaneously. Proteins were selected by experimental identification from a collection of 24 highly prevalent pediatric clinical isolates in Spain, using a proteomics approach consisting of "shaving" the cell surface with proteases and further LC/MS/MS analysis. Ninety-five proteins were recombinantly produced and printed on an array. We probed it with a collection of sera from children with pneumococcal pneumonia. From the set of the most seroprevalent antigens, we obtained a clear discriminant response for a group of three proteins (PblB, PulA, and PrtA) in children under 4 years old. We validated the results by ELISA and an immunostrip assay showed the translation to easy-to-use, affordable tests. Thus, the protein array here developed presents a tool for broad use in serodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- §Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- ¶Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatología, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Gómez-gascón L, Cardoso-toset F, Amarilla PS, Tarradas C, Carrasco L, Olaya-abril A, Jiménez-munguía I, Rodríguez-ortega MJ, Luque I. A new recombinant SsnA protein combined with aluminum hydroxide protects mouse against Streptococcus suis. Vaccine 2014; 32:6992-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a family of pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains that represents a primary health problem in the swine industry worldwide. S. suis is also an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe human infections clinically featuring with varied diseases/syndromes (such as meningitis, septicemia, and arthritis). Over the past few decades, continued efforts have made significant progress toward better understanding this zoonotic infectious entity, contributing in part to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying its high pathogenicity. This review is aimed at presenting an updated overview of this pathogen from the perspective of molecular epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and typing, virulence mechanism, and protective antigens contributing to its zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases & State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); Urbana, IL USA
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames, IA USA
| | - Shihua Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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18
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Hu D, Zhang F, Zhang H, Hao L, Gong X, Geng M, Cao M, Zheng F, Zhu J, Pan X, Tang J, Feng Y, Wang C. The β-galactosidase (BgaC) of the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis is a surface protein without the involvement of bacterial virulence. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4140. [PMID: 24556915 DOI: 10.1038/srep04140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal pathogens have evolved to express exoglycosidases, one of which is BgaC β-galactosidase, to deglycosidate host surface glycolconjucates with exposure of the polysaccharide receptor for bacterial adherence. The paradigm BgaC protein is the bgaC product of Streptococcus, a bacterial surface-exposed β-galactosidase. Here we report the functional definition of the BgaC homologue from an epidemic Chinese strain 05ZYH33 of the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that S. suis BgaC shared the conserved active sites (W240, W243 and Y454). The recombinant BgaC protein of S. suis was purified to homogeneity. Enzymatic assays confirmed its activity of β-galactosidase. Also, the hydrolysis activity was found to be region-specific and sugar-specific for the Gal β-1,3-GlcNAc moiety of oligosaccharides. Flow cytometry analyses combined with immune electron microscopy demonstrated that S. suis BgaC is an atypical surface-anchored protein in that it lacks the “LPXTG” motif for typical surface proteins. Integrative evidence from cell lines and mice-based experiments showed that an inactivation of bgaC does not significantly impair the ability of neither adherence nor anti-phagocytosis, and consequently failed to attenuate bacterial virulence, which is somewhat similar to the scenario seen with S. pneumoniae. Therefore we concluded that S. suis BgaC is an atypical surface-exposed protein without the involvement of bacterial virulence.
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19
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Tsolakos N, Brookes C, Taylor S, Gorringe A, Tang CM, Feavers IM, Wheeler JX. Identification of vaccine antigens using integrated proteomic analyses of surface immunogens from serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. J Proteomics 2014; 101:63-76. [PMID: 24561796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Meningococcal surface proteins capable of evoking a protective immune response are candidates for inclusion in protein-based vaccines against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (NmB). In this study, a 2-dimensional (2-D) gel-based platform integrating surface and immune-proteomics was developed to characterize NmB surface protein antigens. The surface proteome was analyzed by differential 2-D gel electrophoresis following treatment of live bacteria with proteinase K. Alongside, proteins recognized by immune sera from mice challenged with live meningococci were detected using 2-D immunoblots. In combination, seventeen proteins were identified including the well documented antigens PorA, OpcA and factor H-binding protein, previously reported potential antigens and novel potential immunogens. Results were validated for the macrophage infectivity potentiator (MIP), a recently proposed NmB vaccine candidate. MIP-specific antisera bound to meningococci in whole-cell ELISA and facilitated opsonophagocytosis and deposition of complement factors on the surface of meningococcal isolates of different serosubtypes. Cleavage by proteinase K was confirmed in western blots and shown to occur in a fraction of the MIP expressed by meningococci suggesting transient or limited surface exposure. These observations add knowledge for the development of a protein NmB vaccine. The proteomic workflow presented here may be used for the discovery of vaccine candidates against other pathogens. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study presents an integrated proteomic strategy to identify proteins from N. meningitidis with desirable properties (i.e. surface exposure and immunogenicity) for inclusion in subunit vaccines against bacterial meningitis. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by the identification of some of the major meningococcal vaccine antigens. Information was also obtained about novel potential immunogens as well as the recently described potential antigen macrophage infectivity potentiator which can be useful for its consideration as a vaccine candidate. Additionally, the proteomic strategy presented in this study provides a generic 2-D gel-based platform for the discovery of vaccine candidates against other bacterial infections.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Endopeptidase K/pharmacology
- Female
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/immunology
- Meningococcal Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Meningococcal Vaccines/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/chemistry
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/immunology
- Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/metabolism
- Proteomics/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Tsolakos
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom; Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Brookes
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gorringe
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Jun X Wheeler
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
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20
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Obando I, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Identification of potential new protein vaccine candidates through pan-surfomic analysis of pneumococcal clinical isolates from adults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70365. [PMID: 23894641 PMCID: PMC3720901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines are widely used for preventing infections in adults and in children against the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. However, these polysaccharide-based vaccines have some important limitations, such as being serotype-dependent, being subjected to losing efficacy because of serotype replacement and high manufacturing complexity and cost. It is expected that protein-based vaccines will overcome these issues by conferring a broad coverage independent of serotype and lowering production costs. In this study, we have applied the “shaving” proteomic approach, consisting of the LC/MS/MS analysis of peptides generated by protease treatment of live cells, to a collection of 16 pneumococcal clinical isolates from adults, representing the most prevalent strains circulating in Spain during the last years. The set of unique proteins identified in all the isolates, called “pan-surfome”, consisted of 254 proteins, which included most of the protective protein antigens reported so far. In search of new candidates with vaccine potential, we identified 32 that were present in at least 50% of the clinical isolates analyzed. We selected four of them (Spr0012, Spr0328, Spr0561 and SP670_2141), whose protection capacity has not yet been tested, for assaying immunogenicity in human sera. All of them induced the production of IgM antibodies in infected patients, thus indicating that they could enter the pipeline for vaccine studies. The pan-surfomic approach shows its utility in the discovery of new proteins that can elicit protection against infectious microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Obando
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatología, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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21
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Papasergi S, Galbo R, Lanza-Cariccio V, Domina M, Signorino G, Biondo C, Pernice I, Poyart C, Trieu-Cuot P, Teti G, Beninati C. Analysis of the Streptococcus agalactiae exoproteome. J Proteomics 2013; 89:154-64. [PMID: 23770297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The two-component regulatory system CovRS is the main regulator of virulence gene expression in Group B Streptococcus (GBS), the leading cause of invasive infections in neonates. In this study we analyzed by mass spectrometry the GBS extracellular protein complex (i.e. the exoproteome) of NEM316 wild-type (WT) strain and its isogenic covRS deletion mutant (ΔcovRS). A total of 53 proteins, 49 of which had classical secretion signals, were identified: 12 were released by both strains while 21 and 20 were released exclusively by WT and ΔcovRS strains, respectively. In addition to known surface proteins, we detected here unstudied cell-wall associated proteins and/or orthologs of putative virulence factors present in other pathogenic streptococci. While the functional role of these proteins remains to be elucidated, our data suggest that the analysis of the exoproteome of bacterial pathogens under different gene expression conditions may be a powerful tool for the rapid identification of novel virulence factors and vaccine candidates. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We believe that this manuscript will be of interest to Journal of Proteomics readers since the paper describes the identification of several putative virulence factors and vaccine candidates of the group B streptococcus, an important pathogen, using a simple proteomics strategy involving LC-MS analysis of culture supernatants obtained from two strains with divergent gene expression patterns. This technique provided the most comprehensive inventory of extracellular proteins obtained from a single streptococcal species thus far. The approach described has the added benefit of being easily applicable to a large number of different strains, making it ideal for the identification of conserved vaccine candidates.
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Surfomics: shaving live organisms for a fast proteomic identification of surface proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 97:164-76. [PMID: 23624344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface proteins play a critical role in the interaction between cells and their environment, as they take part in processes like signaling, adhesion, transport, etc. In pathogenic microorganisms, they can also participate in virulence or cytotoxicity. As these proteins have the highest chances to be recognized by the immune system, they are often the targets for the discovery of new vaccines. In addition, they can serve for the development of serological-based tools to diagnose infectious diseases. First-generation proteomic strategies for the identification of surface proteins rely on the biochemical fractionation and/or enrichment of this group of molecules or organelles containing them. However, in the last years, a novel second-generation approach has been developed, consisting of the digestion of live, intact cells with proteases, so that surface-exposed moieties (i.e. the "surfome" of a cell) are "shaved" and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Here we review such a strategy, firstly set up and developed in Gram-positive bacteria, and further applied to Gram-negative bacteria, unicellular fungi, and also pluricellular organisms. We also discuss the advantages and inconvenients of the approach, and the still unresolved question about the intriguing presence of proteins predicted as cytoplasmic in the surfomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
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Zhang A, Chen B, Yuan Z, Li R, Liu C, Zhou H, Chen H, Jin M. HP0197 contributes to CPS synthesis and the virulence of Streptococcus suis via CcpA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50987. [PMID: 23226442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent, has greatly challenged global public health. The encoding proteins with unknown functions the bacterium encodes are an obstruction to studies of the pathogenesis. A novel surface protective antigen HP0197 is one of these proteins which have no sequence homology to any known protein. In the present study, the protein was determined to be involved in bacterial virulence through an evaluation of the isogenic mutant (Δhp0197) in both mice and pigs. The experimental infection also indicated that Δhp0197 could be cleared easily during infection, which could be attributed to the reduced thickness of the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and the significantly reduced phagocytotic resistance. Microarrays-based comparative transcriptome analysis suggested that the suppressed expression of the operon responsible for CPS synthesis might be reversed by CcpA activity, which controlled global regulation of carbon catabolite through the binding of the CcpA and HPr-Ser-46-P to the catabolite-responsive elements (cre) of the target operons. The hypothesis was approved by the fact that the purified FLAG-tagged HPr from WT stain exhibited a higher binding activity to cre with CcpA compared to the Δhp0197 by the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, suggesting lower level of phosphorylation of the phosphocarrier protein HPr at residue Ser-46 (HPr-Ser-46P) in Δhp0197. These indicated that HP0197 could enhance CcpA activity to control the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and CPS synthesis, thus contributing to the virulence of S. suis.
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Gómez-Gascón L, Luque I, Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Orbegozo-Medina RA, Peralbo E, Tarradas C, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Exploring the pan-surfome of Streptococcus suis: Looking for common protein antigens. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5654-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gesslbauer B, Poljak A, Handwerker C, Schüler W, Schwendenwein D, Weber C, Lundberg U, Meinke A, Kungl AJ. Comparative membrane proteome analysis of three Borrelia species. Proteomics 2012; 12:845-58. [PMID: 22539435 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The versatility of the surface of Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, is very important in host-pathogen interactions allowing bacteria to survive in ticks and to persist in a mammalian environment. To identify the surface proteome of Borrelia, we have performed a large comparative proteomic analysis on the three most important pathogenic Borrelia species, namely B. burgdorferi (strain B31), B. afzelii (strain K78), and B. garinii (strain PBi). Isolation of membrane proteins was performed by using three different approaches: (i) a detergent-based fractionation of outer membrane proteins; (ii) a trypsin-based partial shedding of outer cell surface proteins; (iii) biotinylation of membrane proteins and preparation of the biotin-labelled fraction using streptavidin. Proteins derived from the detergent-based fractionation were further sub-fractionated by heparin affinity chromatography since heparin-like molecules play an important role for microbial entry into human cells. All isolated proteins were analysed using either a gel-based liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS technique or by two-dimensional (2D)-LC-MS/MS resulting in the identification of 286 unique proteins. Ninety seven of these were found in all three Borrelia species, representing potential targets for a broad coverage vaccine for the prevention of Lyme borreliosis caused by the different Borrelia species.
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Han H, Liu C, Wang Q, Xuan C, Zheng B, Tang J, Yan J, Zhang J, Li M, Cheng H, Lu G, Gao GF. The two-component system Ihk/Irr contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain 05ZYH33 through alteration of the bacterial cell metabolism. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:1852-1866. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.057448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Han
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Quanhui Wang
- Beijing Proteomics Institute, Beijing 101318, PR China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chunling Xuan
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jingren Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 630030, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - George F. Gao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Graduate University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Olaya-Abril A, Gómez-Gascón L, Jiménez-Munguía I, Obando I, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. Another turn of the screw in shaving Gram-positive bacteria: Optimization of proteomics surface protein identification in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3733-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kouki A, Haataja S, Loimaranta V, Pulliainen AT, Nilsson UJ, Finne J. Identification of a novel streptococcal adhesin P (SadP) protein recognizing galactosyl-α1-4-galactose-containing glycoconjugates: convergent evolution of bacterial pathogens to binding of the same host receptor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38854-64. [PMID: 21908601 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.260992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is often a prerequisite for infection, and host cell surface carbohydrates play a major role as adhesion receptors. Streptococci are a leading cause of infectious diseases. However, only few carbohydrate-specific streptococcal adhesins are known. Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen and a zoonotic agent causing meningitis in pigs and humans. In this study, we have identified an adhesin that mediates the binding of S. suis to galactosyl-α1-4-galactose (Galα1-4Gal)-containing host receptors. A functionally unknown S. suis cell wall protein (SSU0253), designated here as SadP (streptococcal adhesin P), was identified using a Galα1-4Gal-containing affinity matrix and LC-ESI mass spectrometry. Although the function of the protein was not previously known, it was recently identified as an immunogenic cell wall protein in a proteomic study. Insertional inactivation of the sadP gene abolished S. suis Galα1-4Gal-dependent binding. The adhesin gene sadP was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Characterization of its binding specificity showed that SadP recognizes Galα1-4Gal-oligosaccharides and binds its natural glycolipid receptor, GbO(3) (CD77). The N terminus of SadP was shown to contain a Galα1-Gal-binding site and not to have apparent sequence similarity to other bacterial adhesins, including the E. coli P fimbrial adhesins, or to E. coli verotoxin or Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin I also recognizing the same Galα1-4Gal disaccharide. The SadP and E. coli P adhesins represent a unique example of convergent evolution toward binding to the same host receptor structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kouki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland
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