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Abstract
Numerous antidepressants are available for the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD). Unfortunately, the disadvantages of these antidepressive medications, including inadequate treatment response, the therapeutic lag between drug administration and the onset of symptoms alleviation, and the safety consideration limit their clinical use and accelerate the exploration of advanced antidepressants with novel action mechanisms/newer targets, with fewer side effects. In this chapter, a series of compounds showing clinical potent in the treatment of MDD has been reviewed based on their reported results from different phase clinical trials. Although the majority of these strategies currently only lead to a systematic approach in the aspects of treatment resistant depression, some of them would be a routine clinical practice which is usable in the treatment of MDD, such as ketamine. Additionally, beyond the mechanism of action for novel therapeutic molecules involving glutamatergic, opiate, cholinergic receptors, and neuroplasticity, some supplemental procedures such as polyunsaturated fatty acids were also included in this chapter due to their solid property against MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Brown DG, Bernstein PR, Wu Y, Urbanek RA, Becker CW, Throner SR, Dembofsky BT, Steelman GB, Lazor LA, Scott CW, Wood MW, Wesolowski SS, Nugiel DA, Koch S, Yu J, Pivonka DE, Li S, Thompson C, Zacco A, Elmore CS, Schroeder P, Liu J, Hurley CA, Ward S, Hunt HJ, Williams K, McLaughlin J, Hoesch V, Sydserff S, Maier D, Aharony D. Azepines and piperidines with dual norepinephrine dopamine uptake inhibition and antidepressant activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:46-51. [PMID: 24900562 DOI: 10.1021/ml300262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the discovery of inhibitors of norepinephrine (NET) and dopamine (DAT) transporters with reduced activity relative to serotonin transporters (SERT). Two compounds, 8b and 21a, along with nomifensine were tested in a rodent receptor occupancy study and demonstrated dose-dependent displacement of radiolabeled NET and DAT ligands. These compounds were efficacious in a rat forced swim assay (model of depression) and also had activity in rat spontaneous locomotion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G. Brown
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Peter R. Bernstein
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Ye Wu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Urbanek
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Christopher W. Becker
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Scott R. Throner
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Bruce T. Dembofsky
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Gary B. Steelman
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Lois A. Lazor
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Clay W. Scott
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Michael W. Wood
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Steven S. Wesolowski
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Koch
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Jian Yu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Donald E. Pivonka
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Shuang Li
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Carol Thompson
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Anna Zacco
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Charles S. Elmore
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - JianWei Liu
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Christopher A. Hurley
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Stuart Ward
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Hazel J. Hunt
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Karen Williams
- Argenta, 8/9 Spire Green Centre, Flex
Meadow, Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TR, United
Kingdom
| | - Joseph McLaughlin
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Valerie Hoesch
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Simon Sydserff
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - Donna Maier
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
| | - David Aharony
- CNS Discovery Research, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington,
Delaware 19850-5437, United States
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