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Azhar J, Nadeem A, Javed M, Ahmad HI, Hassan FU, Shah FS. Evaluation of phytochemicals from Thymus serpyllum as potential drug candidates to manage oxidative stress in transition dairy cows. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2897-2912. [PMID: 37154530 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2209190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows undergo immense stress and experience autoimmune reactions during the transition period, majorly due to the generation of ROS in the body. So, pharmacological approaches are needed to manage oxidative stress in the transition cows. Recently, the use of phytochemicals as feed additives in cows' nutrition has gained interest in managing various disease conditions. In the current study, we have evaluated the potential effects of phytochemicals derived from methanolic extract of Thymus serpyllum against oxidative stress and autoimmunity via inhibition of bovine nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The free radical scavenging activity of Thymus serpyllum seed and leaf extracts was 71.8 and 75.6%, respectively at 100 µg/mL concentration. Similarly, both extracts displayed radicals reducing power and inhibition of lipid-peroxidation maximally at 100 µg/mL. A total of 52 bioactive compounds were identified when the plant extract was characterized by the GC-MS analysis, and five (Thymol, Luteolin 7-o-glucuronide, Rosmarinic acid, Apigenin 6,8-di-c-glucoside, Kaempferol) had binding free energy values of -11.6433, -10.002, -8.2615, -7.1714, -6.4870, respectively, in complexes with bovine NF-κB. Through computational analysis, the screened compounds showed good pharmacokinetic parameters, including non-toxicity, non-carcinogenic, high gastrointestinal absorption and thus can serve as potential drug candidates. MD simulation studies predicted the stability of complexes and the complex of Kaempferol was most stable based on RSMD value and MM/GBSA binding energy. The biochemical assays and computational studies indicated that Thymus serpyllum could be used as a promising feed additive in dairy cows to manage oxidative stress during the transition period.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanzaib Azhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Sheraz Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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Salem MB, Saleh AM, Seif El-Din SH, Samir S, Hammam OA, El-Lakkany NM. Molecular docking, characterization, ADME/toxicity prediction, and anti-ulcer activity of new quercetin derivatives on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116880. [PMID: 38447874 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is a serious upper gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects people worldwide. The drugs now available for GU treatment have a high rate of relapses and drug interactions, as well as mild to severe side effects. As a result, new natural therapeutic medications for treating GU with fewer negative side effects are desperately needed. Because of quercetin's (QCT) diverse pharmacological effects and unique structural features, we decided to semi-synthesize new QCT derivatives and test them for antiulcer activity. Docking assays were performed on the synthesized compounds to determine their affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR, and NF-κB domains, an important inflammatory pathway involved in GU development and progression. Mice were given oral famotidine (40 mg/kg/day), QCT, QCT pentamethyl (QPM), or QCT pentaacetyl (QPA) (50 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before GU induction by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (INDO; 18 mg/kg). QPM and QPA have a stronger binding affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR and NF-κB domains than QCT. In comparison, they demonstrated the greatest reduction in ulcer score and index, gastric MDA and nitric oxide (NO) contents, MyD88 and NF-κB expressions, and gastric TLR-4 immunostaining. They also enhanced the levels of GSH, CAT, COX-1, and COX-2 in the gastric mucosa, as well as HO-1 and Nrf2 expression, with histological regression in gastric mucosal lesions, with QPA-treated mice demonstrating the best GU healing. QPA is safe against all of the target organs and adverse pathways studied, with good ADME properties. However, further in vitro experiments are necessary to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of QPM and QPA on the protein targets of interest. In addition, preclinical research on its bioavailability and safety is essential before clinical management can be undertaken. Overall, the new QPA derivative could one day serve as the basis for a new class of potential antiulcer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha B Salem
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahman M Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Safia Samir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Jazmin GM, Elaheh M, Manuel Jonathan FV, Martiniano B, David ML, Alám LC, José CB. In Silico Design of an Oseltamivir Derivative with Increased Affinity against Wild-Type and Mutant Variants of Neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin of Influenza A H1N1 Virus. Chem Biodivers 2023:e202201077. [PMID: 37377353 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral resistance has turned into a world concern nowadays. Influenza A H1N1 emerged as a problem at the world level due to the neuraminidase (NA) mutations. The NA mutants conferred resistance to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Several efforts were conducted to develop better anti-influenza A H1N1 drugs. Our research group combined in silico methods to create a compound derived from oseltamivir to be tested in vitro against influenza A H1N1. Here we show the results of a new compound derived from oseltamivir but with specific chemical modifications, with significant affinity either on NA (in silico and in vitro assays) or HA (in silico) from influenza A H1N1 strain. We include docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the oseltamivir derivative at the binding site onto NA and HA of influenza A H1N1. Additionally, the biological experimental results show that oseltamivir derivative decreases the lytic-plaque formation on viral susceptibility assays, and it does not show cytotoxicity. Finally, oseltamivir derivative assayed on viral NA showed a concentration-dependent inhibition behavior at nM, depicting a high affinity of the compound for the enzyme, corroborated with the MD simulations results, placing our designed oseltamivir derivative as a potential antiviral against influenza A H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- García-Machorro Jazmin
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico., Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mirzaeicheshmeh Elaheh
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico., Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Fragoso-Vázquez Manuel Jonathan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, México City, CP 11340, México
| | - Bello Martiniano
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Méndez-Luna David
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - León-Cardona Alám
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
| | - Correa-Basurto José
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, 11340, México
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Kampa M, Lappano R, Grande F, Rizzuti B, Maggiolini M, Castanas E, Jacquot Y. Promising Perspectives of the Antiproliferative GPER Inverse Agonist ERα17p in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36831322 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) corresponds to a large platform in charge of the recruitment of a panel of molecules, including steroids and related heterocyclic derivatives, oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins. Its 295-311 region is particularly targeted by post-translational modifications, suggesting that it could be crucial for the control of transcription. In addition to anionic phospholipids, the ERα 295-311 fragment interacts with Ca2+-calmodulin, the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), ERα and possibly importins. More recently, we have demonstrated that it is prone to interacting with the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In light of these observations, the pharmacological profile of the corresponding peptide, namely ERα17p, has been explored in breast cancer cells. Remarkably, it exerts apoptosis through GPER and induces a significant decrease (more than 50%) of the size of triple-negative breast tumor xenografts in mice. Herein, we highlight not only the promising therapeutic perspectives in the use of the first peptidic GPER modulator ERα17p, but also the opportunity to modulate GPER for clinical purposes.
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Ávila-Avilés RD, Hernández-Hernández JM. Ligand- and structure-based identification of GPER-binding small molecules. Molecular Simulation 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2171074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Daniel Ávila-Avilés
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Manuel Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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Mittal L, Srivastava M, Kumari A, Tonk RK, Awasthi A, Asthana S. Interplay among Structural Stability, Plasticity, and Energetics Determined by Conformational Attuning of Flexible Loops in PD-1. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:358-384. [PMID: 33433201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics and plasticity of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are the bottlenecks for the discovery of small-molecule antagonists to perturb this interaction interface significantly. Understanding the process of this protein-protein interaction (PPI) is of fundamental biological interest in structure-based drug designing. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the first-in-class with distinct binding modes to access this axis clinically; however, their mechanistic aspects remain elusive. Here, we have unveiled the interactive interfaces with PD-L1 and mAbs to investigate the native plasticity of PD-1 at global (structural and dynamical) and local (residue side-chain orientations) levels. We found that the structural stability and coordinated Cα movements are increased in the presence of PD-1's binding partners. The rigorous analysis of these PPIs using computational biophysical approaches revealed PD-1's intrinsic plasticity, its concerted loops' movement (BC, FG, and CC'), distal side-chain motions, and the thermodynamic landscape, which are perturbed remarkably from its unbound to bound states. Based on intra-/inter-residues' contact networks and energetics, the hot-spots have been identified that were found to be essential to arrest the dynamical motions of PD-1 significantly for the rational design of therapeutic agents by mimicking the mAbs mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovika Mittal
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mitul Srivastava
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Delhi 110017, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
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Khan SU, Ahemad N, Chuah LH, Naidu R, Htar TT. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1: homology modeling approaches and application in screening new GPER-1 modulators. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3325-3335. [PMID: 33164654 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the largest family of protein targets comprising over 800 members in which at least 500 members are the therapeutic targets. Among the GPCRs, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) has shown to have the ability in estrogen signaling. As GPER-1 plays a critical role in several physiological responses, GPER-1 has been considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat estrogen-based cancers and other non-communicable diseases. However, the progress in the understanding of GPER-1 structure and function is relatively slow due to the availability of a only a few selective GPER-1 modulators. As with many GPCRs, the X-ray crystal structure of GPER-1 is yet to be resolved and thus has led the researchers to search for new GPER-1 modulators using homology models of GPER-1. In this review, we aim to summarize various approaches used in the generation of GPER-1 homology model and their applications that have resulted in new GPER-1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Grande F, Occhiuzzi MA, Lappano R, Cirillo F, Guzzi R, Garofalo A, Jacquot Y, Maggiolini M, Rizzuti B. Computational Approaches for the Discovery of GPER Targeting Compounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:517. [PMID: 32849301 PMCID: PMC7417359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens exert a panel of biological activities mainly through the estrogen receptors α and β, which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Diverse studies have shown that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER, previously known as GPR30) also mediates the multifaceted effects of estrogens in numerous pathophysiological events, including neurodegenerative, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders and the progression of different types of cancer. In particular, GPER is implicated in hormone-sensitive tumors, albeit diverse issues remain to be deeply investigated. As such, this receptor may represent an appealing target for therapeutics in different diseases. The yet unavailable complete GPER crystallographic structure, and its relatively low sequence similarity with the other members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, hamper the possibility to discover compounds able to modulate GPER activity. Consequently, a reliable molecular model of this receptor is required for the design of suitable ligands. To date, convergent approaches involving structure-based drug design and virtual ligand screening have led to the identification of several GPER selective ligands, thus providing important information regarding its mode of action and function. In this survey, we summarize results obtained through computer-aided techniques devoted to the assessment of GPER ligands toward their usefulness in innovative treatments of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria A. Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Rita Guzzi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Yves Jacquot
- Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments (CiTCoM), CNRS UMR 8038, INSERM U1268, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Fu Y, Ye T, Liu YX, Wang J, Ye F. Based on the Virtual Screening of Multiple Pharmacophores, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approaches toward the Discovery of Novel HPPD Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5546. [PMID: 32756361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is an iron-dependent non-heme oxygenase involved in the catabolic pathway of tyrosine, which is an important enzyme in the transformation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid, and thus being considered as herbicide target. Within this study, a set of multiple structure-based pharmacophore models for HPPD inhibitors were developed. The ZINC and natural product database were virtually screened, and 29 compounds were obtained. The binding mode of HPPD and its inhibitors obtained through molecular docking study showed that the residues of Phe424, Phe381, His308, His226, Gln307 and Glu394 were crucial for activity. Molecular-mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) results showed that the coulomb force, lipophilic and van der Waals (vdW) interactions made major contributions to the binding affinity. These efforts will greatly contribute to design novel and effective HPPD inhibitory herbicides.
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Chen Y, Li J, Wu Z, Liu G, Li H, Tang Y, Li W. Computational Insight into the Allosteric Activation Mechanism of Farnesoid X Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1540-1550. [PMID: 32097559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-sensing transcription factor with indispensable roles in regulating metabolic processes. Nowadays, FXR has become a highly promising drug target for severe liver disorders, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A recent study showed that imatinib and its analogues were able to allosterically enhance agonist-induced FXR activation and its target gene expression. However, the allosteric modulation mechanism of FXR by these compounds remains unclear. In this work, the most effective imatinib analogue, P16, was used as a probe to explore this issue by computational approaches. Our results identified one potential allosteric site surrounded by residues Ile335, Phe336, Lys338, Glu339, Leu340, and Leu348, which could efficiently accommodate P16. In addition, the long-time molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the binding of P16 could significantly decrease the fluctuation of the co-activator and enhance the communications between the endogenous ligand chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and FXR. By analyzing the residue interaction network, we observed two unique communication pathways connecting P16 and CDCA through three key residues, Arg331, Ser332, and Phe336. The communications of network organization in the P16-bound complex may allow the synergistic effect of the two compounds via robust signal transmission between the binding sites and global network bridges, which coordinate allosteric transitions and modulate the receptor activity. Our study offers insights into the allosteric modulation occurring in FXR and would be helpful for discovery of new allosteric modulators targeting FXR for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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