Unsteady MHD flow and heat transfer on a stretching sheet in a rotating fluid

Influence of nanoparticles aggregation and Lorentz force on the dynamics of water-titanium dioxide nanoparticles on a rotating surface using finite element simulation

This communication briefings the roles of Lorentz force and nanoparticles aggregation on the characteristics of water subject to Titanium dioxide rotating nanofluid flow toward a stretched surface. Due to upgrade the thermal transportation, the nanoparticles are incorporated, which are play significance role in modern technology, electronics, and heat exchangers. The primary objective of this communication is to observe the significance of nanoparticles aggregation to enhance the host fluid thermal conductivity. In order to model our work and investigate how aggregation characteristics affect the system's thermal conductivity, aggregation kinetics at the molecular level has been mathematically introduced. A dimensionless system of partial-differential equations is produced when the similarity transform is applied to a elaborated mathematical formulation. Thereafter, the numerical solution is obtained through a well-known computational finite element scheme via MATLAB environment. When the formulation of nanoparticle aggregation is taken into consideration, it is evident that although the magnitude of axial and transverse velocities is lower, the temperature distribution is enhanced by aggregation.

Maxwell Nanofluids: FEM Simulation of the Effects of Suction/Injection on the Dynamics of Rotatory Fluid Subjected to Bioconvection, Lorentz, and Coriolis Forces

In this study, the relevance of Lorentz and Coriolis forces on the kinetics of gyratory Maxwell nanofluids flowing against a continually stretched surface is discussed. Gyrotactic microbes are incorporated to prevent the bioconvection of small particles and to improve consistency. The nanoparticles are considered due to their valuable properties and ability to enhance thermal dissipation, which is important in heating systems, advanced technology, microelectronics, and other areas. The main objective of the analysis is to enhance the rate of heat transfer. An adequate similarity transformation is used to convert the primary partial differential equations into non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The resulting system of equations is solved using the finite element method (FEM). The increasing effects of the Lorentz and Coriolis forces induce the velocities to moderate, whereas the concentration and temperature profiles exhibit the contrary tendency. It is observed that the size and thickness of the fluid layers in the axial position increase as the time factor increases, while the viscidity of the momentum fluid layers in the transverse path decreases as the time factor decreases. The intensity, temperature, and velocity variances for the suction scenario are more prominent than those for the injection scenario, but there is an opposite pattern for the physical quantities. The research findings are of value in areas such as elastomers, mineral productivity, paper-making, biosensors, and biofuels.

Significance of nanoparticles aggregation on the dynamics of rotating nanofluid subject to gyrotactic microorganisms, and Lorentz force

The significance of nanoparticle aggregation, Lorentz and Coriolis forces on the dynamics of spinning silver nanofluid flow past a continuously stretched surface is prime significance in modern technology, material sciences, electronics, and heat exchangers. To improve nanoparticles stability, the gyrotactic microorganisms is consider to maintain the stability and avoid possible sedimentation. The goal of this report is to propose a model of nanoparticles aggregation characteristics, which is responsible to effectively state the nanofluid viscosity and thermal conductivity. The implementation of the similarity transforQ1m to a mathematical model relying on normal conservation principles yields a related set of partial differential equations. A well-known computational scheme the FEM is employed to resolve the partial equations implemented in MATLAB. It is seen that when the effect of nanoparticles aggregation is considered, the temperature distribution is enhanced because of aggregation, but the magnitude of velocities is lower. Thus, showing the significance impact of aggregates as well as demonstrating themselves as helpful theoretical tool in future bioengineering and industrial applications.

Micropolar Dusty Fluid: Coriolis Force Effects on Dynamics of MHD Rotating Fluid When Lorentz Force Is Significant

The main objective of this investigation to examine the momentum and thermal transportation of rotating dusty micropolar fluid flux with suspension of conducting dust particles across the stretched sheet. The novelty of the flow model is the exploration of the significance of boosting the volume concentration of dust particles in fluid dynamics. The governing PDEs of the problem for both phase models are transmuted into nonlinear coupled non-dimensional ODEs by utilizing suitable similarity modifications. The bvp4c technique was utilized in MATLAB script to acquire a graphical representation of the experimental results. This study illustrates the analysis of repercussions of pertinent parameters on non-Newtonian fluid and the dusty phase of fluid. By improving the volume concentration of dust particles and rotating parameters, the axial velocity for both phases depreciates, whereas temperature and transverse velocity for both phases have the opposite behavior. The micro-rotation distribution rises with higher contributions of rotating and material parameters, whereas it decreases against larger inputs of volume concentration of dust particles. The growing strength of the dust volume fraction (ϕd) caused the coefficient of skin friction to decrease along the x direction, and the skin friction coefficient is raised along the y direction.

Numerical Study of Marangoni Convection Flow of GO-Nanofluid with H2O–EG Hybrid Base Fluid with Non-Linear Thermal Radiation

Thermodynamic studies of hybrid colloidal fluids are now of interest. Biomedical science, drug delivery system, electronic chips, paint industries and mechanical engineering are some key applications fields. Hence the current investigation is carried out for Graphene Oxide (GO) nanofluids flow with Marangoni convection over a stretching surface. This investigation is studied under effect of thermal radiation and MHD. The hybrid base fluid is considered with 50-50 percent composition of Water–Ethylene Glycol (H2O–EG). For the numerical simulation of the flow with fourth ordered Runge-Kutta method suitable similarity solutions used. Numerical solutions with graphical representation are presented. From the reported analysis, it is examined that Graphene Oxide/H2O–EG has better heat transport characteristics and is therefore reliable for industrial and technological purposes. With increased radiation and temperature ratio parameters, a decrement in temperature curve is noticed for both nanofluids. For enhancing values of volume friction parameter a decreased velocity curve is noted and increment is noted for temperature profiles for both nanofluids.

Boger nanofluid: significance of Coriolis and Lorentz forces on dynamics of rotating fluid subject to suction/injection via finite element simulation

This study briefings the roles of Coriolis, and Lorentz forces on the dynamics of rotating nanofluids flow toward a continuously stretching sheet. The nanoparticles are incorporated because of their unusual qualities like upgrade the thermal transportation, which are very important in heat exchangers, modern nanotechnology, electronics, and material sciences. The primary goal of this study is to improve heat transportation. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied for the principal PDEs to transform into nonlinear dimensionless PDEs. A widely recognized Numerical scheme known as the Finite Element Method is employed to solve the resultant convective boundary layer balances. Higher input in the solvent fraction parameter has a rising effect on the primary velocity and secondary velocity magnitude, and decreasing impact on the distributions of temperature. It is seen that growing contributions of the Coriolis, and Lorentz forces cause to moderate the primary and secondary velocities, but the temperature and concentration functions show opposite trend. The concentration, temperature, and velocities distributions for suction case is prominently than that of injection case, but inverse trend is observed for local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. These examinations are relevant to the field of plastic films, crystal growing, paper production, heat exchanger, and bio-medicine.

Irreversibility process analysis for SiO2-MoS2/water-based flow over a rotating and stretching cylinder

Entropy is the measure of the amount of energy in any physical system that is not accessible for the useful work, which causes a decrease in a system's thermodynamic efficiency. The idea of entropy generation analysis plays a vital role in characterizing the evolution of thermal processes and minimizing the impending loss of available mechanical power in thermo-fluid systems from an analytical perspective. It has a wide range of applications in biological, information, and engineering systems, such as transportation, telecommunication, and rate processes. The analysis of the entropy generation of axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid (SiO2-MoS2)/water flow induced by rotating and stretching cylinder in the presence of heat radiation, ohmic heating, and the magnetic field is focus of this study. Thermal energy transport of hybrid nanofluids is performed by applying the Maxwell model. Heat transport is carried out by using convective boundary condition. The dimensionless ordinary differential equations are acquired by similarity transformations. The numerical solution for these differential equations is obtained by the bvp4c program in MATLAB. A comparison between nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is made for flow field, temperature, and entropy generation. Comparison of nanofluid flow with hybrid nanofluid flow exhibits a higher rate of heat transmission, while entropy generation exhibits the opposite behavior. It is observed that the flow and heat distribution increase as the solid volume fraction's value grows. An increase in entropy is indicated by augmentation in the Brinkman number and temperature ratio parameter, but the Bejan number shows a declining trend. Furthermore, outcomes of the Nusselt number for hybrid nanofluid and nanofluid are calculated for various parameters. It is noticed that the Nusselt number is reduced for enlarging the magnetic field and Eckert number. The axial and azimuthal wall stress parameters are declined by augmenting the Reynolds number.

Shape Effect of Nanosize Particles on Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Sheet with Entropy Generation

Magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid technologies are emerging in several areas including pharmacology, medicine and lubrication (smart tribology). The present study discusses the heat transfer and entropy generation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Ag-water nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with the effect of nanoparticles shape. Three different geometries of nanoparticles—sphere, blade and lamina—are considered. The problem is modeled in the form of momentum, energy and entropy equations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to find the analytical solution of momentum, energy and entropy equations. The variations of velocity profile, temperature profile, Nusselt number and entropy generation with the influences of physical parameters are discussed in graphical form. The results show that the performance of lamina-shaped nanoparticles is better in temperature distribution, heat transfer and enhancement of the entropy generation.

Magnetic Rotating Flow of a Hybrid Nano-Materials Ag-MoS2 and Go-MoS2 in C2H6O2-H2O Hybrid Base Fluid over an Extending Surface Involving Activation Energy: FE Simulation

Numeric simulations are performed for a comparative study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) rotational flow of hybrid nanofluids (MoS2-Ag/ethyleneglycol-water (50–50%) and MoS2-Go/ethyleneglycol-water (50–50%)) over a horizontally elongated plane sheet. The principal objective is concerned with the enhancement of thermal transportation. The three-dimensional formulation governing the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration is transmuted into two-dimensional partial differentiation by employing similarity transforms. The resulting set of equations (PDEs) is then solved by variational finite element procedure coded in Matlab script. An intensive computational run is carried out for suitable ranges of the particular quantities of influence. The primary velocity component decreases monotonically and the magnitude of secondary velocity component diminishes significantly when magnetic parameter, rotational parameter, and unsteadiness parameter are incremented. Both the primary and secondary velocities are smaller in values for the hybrid phase Ag-MoS2 than that of hybrid phase Go-MoS2 but the nanoparticle concentration and temperature are higher for hybrid phase Ag-MoS2. The increased values of parameters for thermophoresis, Brownian motion, shape factor, and volume fraction of ϕ2 made significant improvement in the temperature of the two phases of nano liquids. Results are also computed for the coefficients of skin friction(x, y-directions), Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The present findings manifest reasonable comparison to their existing counterparts. Some of the practical engineering applications of the present analysis may be found in high-temperature nanomaterial processing technology, crystal growing, extrusion processes, manufacturing and rolling of polymer sheets, academic research, lubrication processes, and polymer industry.

Finite Element Study of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Activation Energy in Darcy–Forchheimer Rotating Flow of Casson Carreau Nanofluid

Here, a study for MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) impacts on the rotating flow of Casson Carreau nanofluids is considered. The temperature distribution is associated with thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and heat source. The diffusion of chemically reactive specie is investigated with Arrhenius activation energy. The governing equations in the 3D form are changed into dimensionless two-dimensional form with the implementation of suitable scaling transformations. The Variational finite element procedure is harnessed and coded in Matlab script to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled non-linear partial differential problem. The variation patterns of Sherwood number, Nusselt number, skin friction coefficients, velocities, concentration, and temperature functions are computed to reveal the physical nature of this examination. It is seen that higher contributions of the magnetic force, Casson fluid, and rotational fluid parameters cause a raise in the temperature like thermophoresis and Brownian motion does but also causes a slowing down in the primary as well as secondary velocities. The FEM solutions show an excellent correlation with published results. The current study has significant applications in the biomedical, modern technologies of aerospace systems, and relevance to energy systems.

Finite Element Study of MHD Impacts on the Rotating Flow of Casson Nanofluid with the Double Diffusion Cattaneo—Christov Heat Flux Model

A study for MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) impacts on the rotating flow of Casson nanofluids is considered. The concentration and temperature distributions are related along with the double diffusion Cattaneo–Christov model, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The governing equations in the 3D form are changed into dimensionless two-dimensional form with the implementation of suitable scaling transformations. The variational finite element procedure is harnessed and coded in Matlab script to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled nonlinear partial differential problem. The variation patterns of Sherwood number, Nusselt number, skin friction coefficients, velocities, concentration, and temperature functions are computed to reveal the physical nature of this examination. It is seen that higher contributions of the magnetic force, Casson fluid, and rotational fluid parameters cause to raise the temperature like thermophoresis and Brownian motion does but causes slowing the primary as well as secondary velocities. The FEM solutions showing an excellent correlation with published results. The current study has significant applications in the biomedical, modern technologies of aerospace systems, and relevance to energy systems.

Finite element simulation of unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic transport phenomena on a stretching sheet in a rotating nanofluid

This study examines theoretically and computationally the transient magneto-hydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer in an incompressible rotating nanofluid over a stretching continuous sheet, with a transverse magnetic field applied normal to the sheet plane. The three-dimensional conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and species (nanoparticle) diffusion, are normalized into a system of two-dimensional dimensionless boundary layer equations, using appropriate scaling transformations. The resulting nanofluid transport model incorporates a Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, rotation parameter, unsteady parameter, Prandtl number, Hartmann magnetic parameter and Lewis number, and physically realistic boundary conditions at the sheet surface and in the free stream. The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is solved using a robust, efficient finite element method based on the variational formulation. A detailed evaluation of the effects of the governing physical parameters on the velocity components, temperature and nanoparticle concentration via graphical plots is conducted. Primary velocity is strongly retarded with increasing Hartmann number and there is also a reduction in secondary velocity magnitude. Both temperature and nanoparticle concentration are positively affected by the Hartmann number. Increasing rotational parameter decreases both primary and secondary velocity, and also depresses temperature and nanoparticle concentration. Unsteadiness parameter is generally found to enhance primary velocity and temperatures but exhibits a varied influence on secondary velocity and nanoparticle concentration. The reduced Nusselt number (wall temperature gradient) is observed to be depressed with both Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects, whereas the contrary behaviour is computed for the reduced Sherwood number (wall mass transfer gradient). The reduced Nusselt number and the Sherwood number also show a steady decrease with increasing rotational parameter. The present finite element method solutions have been validated extensively with the previously published results, demonstrating excellent correlation. The study has important applications in the manufacture and electromagnetic control of complex magnetic nanofluid materials of relevance to biomedical, energy systems and aerospace systems technologies.