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Yuan P, Liu H, Dong X. Scenario-based assessment of emergency management of urban infectious disease outbreaks. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368154. [PMID: 38721540 PMCID: PMC11076719 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a severe threat to human health and are accompanied by significant economic losses. Studies of urban outbreaks of infectious diseases are diverse. However, previous studies have neglected the identification of critical events and the evaluation of scenario-based modeling of urban infectious disease outbreak emergency management mechanisms. In this paper, we aim to conduct an empirical analysis and scenario extrapolation using a questionnaire survey of 18 experts, based on the CIA-ISM method and scenario theory, to identify the key factors influencing urban infectious disease outbreaks. Subsequently, we evaluate the effectiveness of urban infectious disease outbreak emergency management mechanisms. Finally, we compare and verify the actual situation of COVID-19 in China, drawing the following conclusions and recommendations. (1) The scenario-based urban infectious disease emergency management model can effectively replicate the development of urban infectious diseases. (2) The establishment of an emergency command center and the isolation and observation of individuals exposed to infectious diseases are crucial factors in the emergency management of urban outbreaks of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Yuan
- Business School, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Business School, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Petrie S, Peters P. Health Service Implementation and Antifragile Characteristics in Rural Communities: A Dirt Research Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6418. [PMID: 37510650 PMCID: PMC10379114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of health and care services within rural communities requires necessary sensitivity to the unique facets of rural places. Often, rural service implementation is executed with inappropriate frameworks based on assumptions derived from urban centres. To understand the characteristics of rural communities that can facilitate successful program implementation better, ethnographic accounts of rural health and care services were compiled in rural communities within Canada, Australia, and Iceland. Ethnographic accounts are presented in the first and third person, with an accompanying reflexive analysis immediately following these accounts. Antifragility was the guiding concept of interest when investigating rural implementation environments, a concept that posits that a system can gain stability from uncertainty rather than lose integrity. These ethnographic accounts provide evidence of antifragile operators such as optionality, hybrid leadership, starting small, nonlinear evaluation, and avoiding suboptimisation. It is shown that the integration of these antifragile operators allows programs to function better in complex rural systems. Further, the presence of capable individuals with sufficient knowledge in several disciplines and with depth in a single discipline allows for innovative local thinking initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Petrie
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul Peters
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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3
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Osmani Z, Bajrektarevic Kehic A, Miskulin I, Dumic L, Pavlovic N, Kovacevic J, Lanc Curdinjakovic V, Dumic J, Vukoja I, Miskulin M. The Attitudes and Practices Regarding COVID-19 among General Practitioners from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050352. [PMID: 37232589 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Attitudes toward COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) prevention and control may have influenced general practitioners' (GPs') work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes and practices of GPs from Croatia and Bosna and Herzegovina regarding COVID-19 prevention and control as well as the factors which may have influenced them. A cross-sectional study using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was conducted between February and May of 2022 on 200 Croatian and Bosnian GPs. The study revealed that the attitudes and practices of the surveyed GPs regarding COVID-19 prevention and control were satisfactory. The Croatian GPs reported a larger number of positive attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention and control (p = 0.014), while no significant differences in practices were established. Among the Croatian GPs, more positive attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention and control were reported by participants who had finished a formal education on the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational safety (p = 0.018), while among the Bosnian GPs, more positive attitudes were reported by older GPs (p = 0.007), males (p = 0.026), GPs with a longer length of service (p = 0.005), GPs who had finished a formal education on the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational safety (p < 0.001), GPs who had finished a formal education on adequate hand hygiene (p < 0.001), and GPs who had finished a formal education on COVID-19 prevention for GPs (p = 0.001). Considering GPs' practices regarding COVID-19 prevention and control, among the Croatian GPs, more positive practices were reported by older GPs (p = 0.008), females (p = 0.002), GPs who had a partner (p = 0.021), GPs who were specialists in family medicine (p = 0.014), GPs with a longer length of service (p = 0.007), and GPs who had finished a formal education on the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational safety (p = 0.046), while among the Bosnian GPs, no significant correlations were determined. The general practitioners' sociodemographic and employment characteristics strongly influenced their attitudes and practices regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19. The cultural differences between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the organizational specificities of their healthcare systems, probably modified the observed differences in the individual patterns of associations between the outcome and explanatory variables in the surveyed neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zudi Osmani
- Faculty of Health Studies, University "VITEZ", 72 270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute for Public Health of Central Bosnia Canton, 72 270 Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Ivan Miskulin
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lea Dumic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nika Pavlovic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jelena Kovacevic
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Juraj Dumic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivan Vukoja
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Miskulin
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia
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Kovacevic P, Djajic V, Momcicevic D, Zlojutro B, Jandric M, Kovacevic T, Latinovic M, Seranic A, Bokonjic D, Skrbic R, Dragic S. Boosting ICU capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the western Balkan region, The Republic of Srpska experience. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231151762. [PMID: 36718459 PMCID: PMC9880146 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231151762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Response to the outbreak of poliomyelitis in mid-1950 led to recognition and consequent development of critical care. Seventy years later the humankind was struck by COVID-19, another major challenge for critical care medicine which was especially big in Low-Resources-Settings where more than two thirds of the world population live, including the population of the Republic of Srpska (RS). Design and methods The main aim was to show an overview of all interventions in order to boost hospitals' capacities to the level which is sufficient to manage high amount of critically ill COVID-19 patients in the RS. A before-after cohort study design was conducted to evaluate the effects of interventions for increase in preparedness and capacity of ICUs for admission and treatment of COVID-19 critically ill patients in nine hospitals in the RS. Results: Following interventions, the biggest and university affiliated hospital in the RS has increased ICU capacities: total number of ICU beds increased by 38% and number of ventilators by 114%. Availability of machines for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) increased by 100%. Number of doctors who were involved in treatment of critically ill patients increased by 47% and nurse/patient's ratio reached 1:2.5. Similarly, all other hospitals experienced boosting of ICU beds by 189% and ventilators by 373% while number of doctors increased by 108% and nurse/patient's ratio reached 1:4. Conclusion All interventions implemented during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the RS resulted in increasing capacity for treatment of critically ill patients, but the education of health care professionals was identified as the most important conducted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedja Kovacevic
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Faculty of Medicine, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Pedja Kovacevic, Univeristy Clinical Centre
of the Republic of Srpska, Filipa Kljajica Fice 49, Banja Luka 78000, The
Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Vlado Djajic
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Faculty of Medicine, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danica Momcicevic
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Faculty of Medicine, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Biljana Zlojutro
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milka Jandric
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tijana Kovacevic
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milan Latinovic
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
| | - Alen Seranic
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and
Herzegovina
| | - Dejan Bokonjic
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of
East Sarajevo, Foča, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sasa Dragic
- Univeristy Clinical Centre of the
Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Faculty of Medicine, University of
Banja Luka, Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Kovacevic P, Djajic V, Skrbic R, Milivojevic N, Jereb M, Gradisek P, Gorjup V. The role of high-income countries in the establishment and development of modern critical care in low resource settings: A Slovenian model. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:1949-1955. [PMID: 37125589 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical care medicine is a young branch of medicine, of which the development was much faster in High Income Countries (HICs) than in Low Resources Settings (LRS). Slovenia, as one of the successor states of former Yugoslavia, passed the process of transition and joined the European Union successfully. On the contrary, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) went through the extremely difficult process of transition (four years of civil war), which left a deep scar to the healthcare system, including critical care medicine. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of HICs on the development of critical care in LRS. METHOD This review examined the process of growing up the first modern Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) in the Republic of Srpska. RESULTS The five-year process of transferring critical care knowledge from Slovenia to the health care system of Republic of Srpska has contributed to the existence of modern and state of the art MICU with tremendous social effects. CONCLUSION The model of using the impact of HICs for improving critical care in LRS can be extrapolated to other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedja Kovacevic
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vlado Djajic
- Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natasa Milivojevic
- Neurological Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Jereb
- Infectology Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | - Primoz Gradisek
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | - Vojka Gorjup
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Clinical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
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Saulnier DD, Duchenko A, Ottilie-Kovelman S, Tediosi F, Blanchet K. Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 12:6659. [PMID: 37579465 PMCID: PMC10125099 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health challenges like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are becoming increasingly complex, transnational, and unpredictable. Studying health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to enhance our understanding of health system resilience and establish a clearer link between theoretical concepts and practical ideas on how to build resilience. METHODS This narrative literature review aims to address four questions using a health system resilience framework: (i) What do we understand about the dimensions of resilience? (ii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions remain uncertain? (iii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions are missing from the COVID-19 discussions? and (iv) What has COVID-19 taught us about resilience that is missing from the framework? A scientific literature database search was conducted in December 2020 and in April 2022 to identify publications that discussed health system resilience in relation to COVID-19, excluding articles on psychological and other types of resilience. A total of 63 publications were included. RESULTS There is good understanding around information sharing, flexibility and good leadership, learning, maintaining essential services, and the need for legitimate, interdependent systems. Decision-making, localized trust, influences on interdependence, and transformation remain uncertain. Vertical interdependence, monitoring risks beyond the health system, and consequences of changes on the system were not discussed. Teamwork, actor legitimacy, values, inclusivity, trans-sectoral resilience, and the role of the private sector are identified as lessons from COVID-19 that should be further explored for health system resilience. CONCLUSION Knowledge of health system resilience has continued to cohere following the pandemic. The eventual consequences of system changes and the resilience of subsystems are underexplored. Through governance, the concept of health system resilience can be linked to wider issues raised by the pandemic, like inclusivity. Our findings show the utility of resilience theory for strengthening health systems for crises and the benefit of continuing to refine existing resilience theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dell D. Saulnier
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Duchenko
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrizio Tediosi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Blanchet
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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