Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) in Chongqing, China, 2017: An artificial intelligence and big data method estimating the burden of disease at city level

Geospatial analysis of spatial distribution, patterns, and relationships of health status in the belt and road initiative

The Health Silk Road plays a crucial role in the Belt and Road Initiative, and comprehending the health status within the participating countries is fundamental for fostering cooperation in public health. This paper collected five health indicators to represent the health status of the Belt and Road countries. Employing spatial statistics, the spatial patterns of health indicators and the associations with influencing factors were investigated. The utilized spatial statistics encompass spatial autocorrelation methods, geographical detector and spatial lag model. The results revealed obvious disparities and significant positive spatial autocorrelation of health indicators within the Belt and Road countries. Specifically, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited significant clustering of limited health indicators, while countries in Europe and Central Asia demonstrated significant clustering of robust health indicators. Furthermore, the health indicators exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity and association with the influencing factors. Universal health coverage, household air pollution, and the prevalence of undernourishment emerge as influential factors affecting health indicators. Overall, our findings highlighted complex influencing factors that contributed to the profound health inequalities across the Belt and Road countries. These factors should be duly considered in public health collaborations within the Belt and Road Initiative.

Divergences and gaps in life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy in Mexico: Contribution analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

INTRODUCTION

Life expectancy (LE) and Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) are summary indicators that reflect a population's general life conditions and measure inequities in health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify the differences in LE and HALE by sex, age group, and state in Mexico from 1990 to 2019. Also, to evaluate whether the changes in HALE are related to sociodemographic indicators and indicators of access to and quality of health services.

METHODS

A secondary analysis was performed based on the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Data were obtained for LE (by sex and state) and HALE (by sex, age group, and state) for the years 1990, 2010, and 2019. The correlations between HALE with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index were estimated for 1990 and 2019 (by total population and sex).

RESULTS

LE and HALE had an absolute increase of 6.7% and 6.4% from 1990 to 2019, mainly among women, although they spent more years in poor health (11.8 years) than men. The patterns of LE and HALE were heterogeneous and divergent by state. In 2019, the difference in HALE (for both sex) between the states with the highest (Hidalgo) and the lowest (Chiapas) value was 4.6 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Progress in LE and HALE has slowed in recent years; HALE has even had setbacks in some states. Gaps between men and women, as well as between states, are persistent. Public and population policymaking should seek to lengthen LE and focus on ensuring that such years are spent in good health and with good quality of life.

Computational methods applied to syphilis: where are we, and where are we going?

Syphilis is an infectious disease that can be diagnosed and treated cheaply. Despite being a curable condition, the syphilis rate is increasing worldwide. In this sense, computational methods can analyze data and assist managers in formulating new public policies for preventing and controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Computational techniques can integrate knowledge from experiences and, through an inference mechanism, apply conditions to a database that seeks to explain data behavior. This systematic review analyzed studies that use computational methods to establish or improve syphilis-related aspects. Our review shows the usefulness of computational tools to promote the overall understanding of syphilis, a global problem, to guide public policy and practice, to target better public health interventions such as surveillance and prevention, health service delivery, and the optimal use of diagnostic tools. The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 Statement and used several quality criteria to include studies. The publications chosen to compose this review were gathered from Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer, Scopus, ACM Digital Library, and PubMed databases. Then, studies published between 2015 and 2022 were selected. The review identified 1,991 studies. After applying inclusion, exclusion, and study quality assessment criteria, 26 primary studies were included in the final analysis. The results show different computational approaches, including countless Machine Learning algorithmic models, and three sub-areas of application in the context of syphilis: surveillance (61.54%), diagnosis (34.62%), and health policy evaluation (3.85%). These computational approaches are promising and capable of being tools to support syphilis control and surveillance actions.

Resilience assessment of metro stations against rainstorm disaster based on cloud model: a case study in Chongqing, China

Extremely heavy rainfall has posed a significant hazard to urban growth as the most common and disaster-prone natural calamity. Due to its unique geographical location, the metro system is more vulnerable to waterlogging caused by rainstorm disaster. Research on resilience to natural disasters has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, few studies have focused on the resilience of the metro system against rainstorms. Therefore, this paper aims to develop an assessment model for evaluating metro stations' resilience levels. Twenty factors are carried out from dimensions of resistance, recovery and adaptation. The methods of ordered binary comparison, entropy weight and cloud model are proposed to build the assessment model. Then, taking Chongqing metro system in china as a case study, the resilience level of 13 metro stations is calculated. Radar charts from dimensions of resistance, recovery, and adaptation are created to propose recommendations for improving metro stations' resilience against rainstorms, providing a reference for the sustainable development of the metro system. The case study of the Chongqing metro system in china demonstrates that the assessment model can effectively evaluate the resilience level of metro stations and can be used in other infrastructures under natural disasters for resilience assessment.

Changes and Trend Disparities in Life Expectancy and Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy Attributed to Disability and Mortality From 1990 to 2019 in China

Objective

This study aims to investigate sex, age, and cause-specific contributions to changes and trend disparities in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) attributed to disability and mortality from 1990 to 2019 in China, which provides insight into policy-making, health systems planning, and resource allocation.

Methods

Contributions of disability and mortality to changes and trend disparities in LE and HALE were estimated with standard abridged life table, Sullivan's method, and decomposition method, using retrospective demographic analysis based on mortality and years lived with disability (YLD) rates extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019).

Results

From 1990 to 2019, LE and HALE increased by 10.49 and 8.71 years for both sexes, mainly due to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (5.83 years, 55.58% for LE and 6.28 years, 72.10% for HALE). However, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections had negative effects on changes in LE (−0.03 years, −0.29%) and HALE (−0.05 years, −0.57%). Lung cancer and ischemic heart disease caused the biggest reduction in LE (−0.14 years, −1.33%) and HALE (−0.42 years, −4.82%). Also, cardiovascular diseases (−0.08 years, −0.92%), neurological disorders (−0.08 years, −0.92%), diabetes and kidney diseases (−0.06 years, −0.69%), and transport injuries (−0.06 years, −0.69%) had main negative disability effects in HALE. Moreover, life expectancy lived with disability (LED) increased by 1.78 years, mainly attributed to respiratory infections and tuberculosis (1.04 years, 58.43%) and maternal and neonatal disorders (0.78 years, 43.82%).

Conclusion

The LE and HALE in China have grown rapidly over the past few decades, mainly attributed to NCDs. It is necessary to further reduce the negative mortality effect of HIV/AIDS, lung cancer, colon and rectum cancer, pancreatic cancer, and ischemic heart disease and the negative disability effect of stroke, diabetes mellitus, and road injuries. In addition, the signs of disparities in mortality and disability of different sexes and ages call for targeted and precise interventions for key groups such as males and the elderly. According to the decomposition results, we may better determine the key objects of health policies that take into account substantial cause-specific variations to facilitate the realization of “healthy China 2030” plan.