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Paccosi E, Balajee AS, Proietti-De-Santis L. A matter of delicate balance: Loss and gain of Cockayne syndrome proteins in premature aging and cancer. Front Aging 2022; 3:960662. [PMID: 35935726 PMCID: PMC9351357 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.960662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair genes are critical for preserving genomic stability and it is well established that mutations in DNA repair genes give rise to progeroid diseases due to perturbations in different DNA metabolic activities. Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by inactivating mutations in CSA and CSB genes. This review will primarily focus on the two Cockayne Syndrome proteins, CSA and CSB, primarily known to be involved in Transcription Coupled Repair (TCR). Curiously, dysregulated expression of CS proteins has been shown to exhibit differential health outcomes: lack of CS proteins due to gene mutations invariably leads to complex premature aging phenotypes, while excess of CS proteins is associated with carcinogenesis. Thus it appears that CS genes act as a double-edged sword whose loss or gain of expression leads to premature aging and cancer. Future mechanistic studies on cell and animal models of CS can lead to potential biological targets for interventions in both aging and cancer development processes. Some of these exciting possibilities will be discussed in this review in light of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Paccosi, ; Adayabalam S. Balajee, ; Luca Proietti-De-Santis,
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2
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Hamie L, Nemer G, Kurban M. Malar rash in a young child with neurodevelopmental delay: a quiz. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2022; 107:28-30. [PMID: 32447277 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
-A 14-month-old boy born to consanguineous parents presented to our Dermatology Department with a 6-month history of a malar eczematous rash that worsens with sun exposure. He had butterfly-shaped, hyperpigmented exfoliating plaques, preceded by blister formation (figure 1). He was also noticed to have enophthalmos, a pinched nose, microcephaly and a cachectic physique. His height and weight were below the first percentile for his age. In addition, the patient was noticed to have motor and psychosocial delay; he does not respond to simple spoken requests, cannot get into sitting position without help or stand/walk with help of furniture. The eye examination was completely normal including the absence of retinal and corneal changes. Complete blood count, liver function tests and a karyotype did not show any abnormal findings. Imaging studies were not done.edpract;107/1/28/F1F1F1Figure 1Clinical image. A hyperpigmented exfoliating plaque distributed over the malar area associated with enophthalmos and a pinched nose. WHAT'S YOUR DIAGNOSIS?: Bloom syndrome.Rothmund Thomson syndrome.Cockayne syndrome.Xeroderma pigmentosum.Trichothiodystrophy. Answers can be found on page 02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Hamie
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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3
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Lanzafame M, Branca G, Landi C, Qiang M, Vaz B, Nardo T, Ferri D, Mura M, Iben S, Stefanini M, Peverali FA, Bini L, Orioli D. Cockayne syndrome group A and ferrochelatase finely tune ribosomal gene transcription and its response to UV irradiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10911-10930. [PMID: 34581821 PMCID: PMC8565352 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CSA and CSB proteins are key players in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions from the transcribed strands of expressed genes. Additionally, CS proteins play relevant but still elusive roles in other cellular pathways whose alteration may explain neurodegeneration and progeroid features in Cockayne syndrome (CS). Here we identify a CS-containing chromatin-associated protein complex that modulates rRNA transcription. Besides RNA polymerase I (RNAP1) and specific ribosomal proteins (RPs), the complex includes ferrochelatase (FECH), a well-known mitochondrial enzyme whose deficiency causes erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Impairment of either CSA or FECH functionality leads to reduced RNAP1 occupancy on rDNA promoter that is associated to reduced 47S pre-rRNA transcription. In addition, reduced FECH expression leads to an abnormal accumulation of 18S rRNA that in primary dermal fibroblasts from CS and EPP patients results in opposed rRNA amounts. After cell irradiation with UV light, CSA triggers the dissociation of the CSA–FECH–CSB–RNAP1–RPs complex from the chromatin while it stabilizes its binding to FECH. Besides disclosing a function for FECH within nucleoli, this study sheds light on the still unknown mechanisms through which CSA modulates rRNA transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Branca
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bruno Vaz
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Debora Ferri
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Mura
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sebastian Iben
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo A Peverali
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics -L.L. Cavalli Sforza, CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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4
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Orioli D, Dellambra E. Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Cells in Natural Aging and Premature Aging Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:E268. [PMID: 30545089 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin undergoes continuous renewal throughout an individual’s lifetime relying on stem cell functionality. However, a decline of the skin regenerative potential occurs with age. The accumulation of senescent cells over time probably reduces tissue regeneration and contributes to skin aging. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts undergo senescence in response to several intrinsic or extrinsic stresses, including telomere shortening, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, diet, and sunlight exposure. Epigenetic mechanisms directly regulate skin homeostasis and regeneration, but they also mark cell senescence and the natural and pathological aging processes. Progeroid syndromes represent a group of clinical and genetically heterogeneous pathologies characterized by the accelerated aging of various tissues and organs, including skin. Skin cells from progeroid patients display molecular hallmarks that mimic those associated with naturally occurring aging. Thus, investigations on progeroid syndromes strongly contribute to disclose the causal mechanisms that underlie the aging process. In the present review, we discuss the role of epigenetic pathways in skin cell regulation during physiologic and premature aging.
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5
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Ricotti R, Nardo T, Striano P, Stefanini M, Orioli D, Botta E. Phenotypic variability in xeroderma pigmentosum group G: An uncommon case with severe prenatal-onset Cockayne syndrome features. Clin Genet 2018; 94:386-388. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ricotti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pavia Italy
| | - T. Nardo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pavia Italy
| | - P. Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit; “G. Gaslini” Institute; Genoa Italy
| | - M. Stefanini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pavia Italy
| | - D. Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pavia Italy
| | - E. Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pavia Italy
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Cordisco S, Tinaburri L, Teson M, Orioli D, Cardin R, Degan P, Stefanini M, Zambruno G, Guerra L, Dellambra E. Cockayne Syndrome Type A Protein Protects Primary Human Keratinocytes from Senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:38-50. [PMID: 30009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, cause an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and skin photosensitivity and atrophy. Beyond its role in DNA repair, the CSA protein has additional functions in transcription and oxidative stress response, which are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of CSA protein in primary human keratinocyte senescence. Primary keratinocytes from three patients with CS-A displayed premature aging features, namely premature clonal conversion, high steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species and 8-OH-hydroxyguanine, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Stable transduction of CS-A keratinocytes with the wild-type CSA gene restored the normal cellular sensitivity to UV irradiation and normal 8-OH-hydroxyguanine levels. Gene correction was also characterized by proper restoration of keratinocyte clonogenic capacity and expression of clonal conversion key regulators (p16 and p63), decreased NF-κB activity and, in turn, the expression of its targets (NOX1 and MnSOD), and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype mediators. Overall, the CSA protein plays an important role in protecting cells from senescence by facilitating DNA damage processing, maintaining physiological redox status and keratinocyte clonogenic ability, and reducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-mediated inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Calmels N, Botta E, Jia N, Fawcett H, Nardo T, Nakazawa Y, Lanzafame M, Moriwaki S, Sugita K, Kubota M, Obringer C, Spitz MA, Stefanini M, Laugel V, Orioli D, Ogi T, Lehmann AR. Functional and clinical relevance of novel mutations in a large cohort of patients with Cockayne syndrome. J Med Genet 2018; 55:329-343. [PMID: 29572252 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare, autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterised by prenatal or postnatal growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, ocular and skeletal abnormalities and premature ageing. About half of the patients with symptoms diagnostic for CS show cutaneous photosensitivity and an abnormal cellular response to UV light due to mutations in either the ERCC8/CSA or ERCC6/CSB gene. Studies performed thus far have failed to delineate clear genotype-phenotype relationships. We have carried out a four-centre clinical, molecular and cellular analysis of 124 patients with CS. METHODS AND RESULTS We assigned 39 patients to the ERCC8/CSA and 85 to the ERCC6/CSB genes. Most of the genetic variants were truncations. The missense variants were distributed non-randomly with concentrations in relatively short regions of the respective proteins. Our analyses revealed several hotspots and founder mutations in ERCC6/CSB. Although no unequivocal genotype-phenotype relationships could be made, patients were more likely to have severe clinical features if the mutation was downstream of the PiggyBac insertion in intron 5 of ERCC6/CSB than if it was upstream. Also a higher proportion of severely affected patients was found with mutations in ERCC6/CSB than in ERCC8/CSA. CONCLUSION By identifying >70 novel homozygous or compound heterozygous genetic variants in 124 patients with CS with different disease severity and ethnic backgrounds, we considerably broaden the CSA and CSB mutation spectrum responsible for CS. Besides providing information relevant for diagnosis of and genetic counselling for this devastating disorder, this study improves the definition of the puzzling genotype-phenotype relationships in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Calmels
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elena Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Heather Fawcett
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Tiziana Nardo
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Genome Repair, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Katsuo Sugita
- Division of Child Health, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, France
| | - Cathy Obringer
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Aude Spitz
- Départementde Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Strasbourg, France.,Départementde Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis (NRGIC), Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Genome Repair, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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8
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Pascucci B, Fragale A, Marabitti V, Leuzzi G, Calcagnile AS, Parlanti E, Franchitto A, Dogliotti E, D'Errico M. CSA and CSB play a role in the response to DNA breaks. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11581-11591. [PMID: 29545921 PMCID: PMC5837770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CS proteins have been involved in the repair of a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we analyse the role of CS proteins in DNA break repair by studying histone H2AX phosphorylation in different cell cycle phases and DNA break repair by comet assay in CS-A and CS-B primary and transformed cells. Following methyl methane sulphate treatment a significant accumulation of unrepaired single strand breaks was detected in CS cells as compared to normal cells, leading to accumulation of double strand breaks in S and G2 phases. A delay in DSBs repair and accumulation in S and G2 phases were also observed following IR exposure. These data confirm the role of CSB in the suppression of NHEJ in S and G2 phase cells and extend this function to CSA. However, the repair kinetics of double strand breaks showed unique features for CS-A and CS-B cells suggesting that these proteins may act at different times along DNA break repair. The involvement of CS proteins in the repair of DNA breaks may play an important role in the clinical features of CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Cristallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.,Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fragale
- Section of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parlanti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Annapaola Franchitto
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Section of Mechanisms, Biomarkers and Models, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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9
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Pascucci B, D'Errico M, Romagnoli A, De Nuccio C, Savino M, Pietraforte D, Lanzafame M, Calcagnile AS, Fortini P, Baccarini S, Orioli D, Degan P, Visentin S, Stefanini M, Isidoro C, Fimia GM, Dogliotti E. Overexpression of parkin rescues the defective mitochondrial phenotype and the increased apoptosis of Cockayne Syndrome A cells. Oncotarget 2016; 8:102852-102867. [PMID: 29262528 PMCID: PMC5732694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ERCC8/CSA gene encodes a WD-40 repeat protein (CSA) that is part of a E3-ubiquitin ligase/COP9 signalosome complex. When mutated, CSA causes the Cockayne Syndrome group A (CS-A), a rare recessive progeroid disorder characterized by sun sensitivity and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CS-A cells features include ROS hyperproduction, accumulation of oxidative genome damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased apoptosis that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process. In this study, we show that CSA localizes to mitochondria and specifically interacts with the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein (DRP1) that is hyperactivated when CSA is defective. Increased fission is not counterbalanced by increased mitophagy in CS-A cells thus leading to accumulation of fragmented mitochondria. However, when mitochondria are challenged with the mitochondrial toxin carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenyl hydrazine, CS-A fibroblasts undergo mitophagy as efficiently as normal fibroblasts, suggesting that this process remains targetable to get rid of damaged mitochondria. Indeed, when basal mitophagy was potentiated by overexpressing Parkin in CSA deficient cells, a significant rescue of the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotype was observed. Importantly, Parkin overexpression not only reactivates basal mitophagy, but plays also an anti-apoptotic role by significantly reducing the translocation of Bax at mitochondria in CS-A cells. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the role of CSA in mitochondrial maintenance and might open new perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pascucci
- Institute of Crystallography, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria D'Errico
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Savino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzafame
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Salvatore Calcagnile
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baccarini
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Miria Stefanini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, INMI L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
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10
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Iyama T, Wilson DM. Elements That Regulate the DNA Damage Response of Proteins Defective in Cockayne Syndrome. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:62-78. [PMID: 26616585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by developmental defects, multisystem progressive degeneration and sensitivity to ultraviolet light. CS is divided into two primary complementation groups, A and B, with the CSA and CSB proteins presumably functioning in DNA repair and transcription. Using laser microirradiation and confocal microscopy, we characterized the nature and regulation of the CS protein response to oxidative DNA damage, double-strand breaks (DSBs), angelicin monoadducts and trioxsalen interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Our data indicate that CSB recruitment is influenced by the type of DNA damage and is most rapid and robust as follows: ICLs>DSBs>monoadducts>oxidative lesions. Transcription inhibition reduced accumulation of CSB at sites of monoadducts and ICLs, but it did not affect recruitment to (although slightly affected retention at) oxidative damage. Inhibition of histone deacetylation altered the dynamics of CSB assembly, suggesting a role for chromatin status in the response to DNA damage, whereas the proteasome inhibitor MG132 had no effect. The C-terminus of CSB and, in particular, its ubiquitin-binding domain were critical to recruitment, while the N-terminus and a functional ATPase domain played a minor role at best in facilitating protein accumulation. Although the absence of CSA had no effect on CSB recruitment, CSA itself localized at sites of ICLs, DSBs and monoadducts but not at oxidative lesions. Our results reveal molecular components of the CS protein response and point to a major involvement of complex lesions in the pathology of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Iyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Iyama T, Lee SY, Berquist BR, Gileadi O, Bohr VA, Seidman MM, McHugh PJ, Wilson DM. CSB interacts with SNM1A and promotes DNA interstrand crosslink processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:247-58. [PMID: 25505141 PMCID: PMC4288174 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature aging disorder characterized by photosensitivity, impaired development and multisystem progressive degeneration, and consists of two strict complementation groups, A and B. Using a yeast two-hybrid approach, we identified the 5′-3′ exonuclease SNM1A as one of four strong interacting partners of CSB. This direct interaction was confirmed using purified recombinant proteins—with CSB able to modulate the exonuclease activity of SNM1A on oligonucleotide substrates in vitro—and the two proteins were shown to exist in a common complex in human cell extracts. CSB and SNM1A were also found, using fluorescently tagged proteins in combination with confocal microscopy and laser microirradiation, to be recruited to localized trioxsalen-induced ICL damage in human cells, with accumulation being suppressed by transcription inhibition. Moreover, SNM1A recruitment was significantly reduced in CSB-deficient cells, suggesting coordination between the two proteins in vivo. CSB-deficient neural cells exhibited increased sensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, particularly, in a non-cycling, differentiated state, as well as delayed ICL processing as revealed by a modified Comet assay and γ-H2AX foci persistence. The results indicate that CSB coordinates the resolution of ICLs, possibly in a transcription-associated repair mechanism involving SNM1A, and that defects in the process could contribute to the post-mitotic degenerative pathologies associated with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Iyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sook Y Lee
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Opher Gileadi
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - David M Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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