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Miotto DS, Duchatsch F, Dionizio A, Buzalaf MAR, Amaral SL. Physical Training vs. Perindopril Treatment on Arterial Stiffening of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: A Proteomic Analysis and Possible Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051381. [PMID: 37239052 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. Perindopril and physical exercise are important in controlling hypertension and arterial stiffness, but the mechanisms are unclear. (2) Methods: Thirty-two spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated for eight weeks: SHRC (sedentary); SHRP (sedentary treated with perindopril-3 mg/kg) and SHRT (trained). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis was performed, and the aorta was collected for proteomic analysis. (3) Results: Both treatments determined a similar reduction in PWV (-33% for SHRP and -23% for SHRT) vs. SHRC, as well as in BP. Among the altered proteins, the proteomic analysis identified an upregulation of the EH domain-containing 2 (EHD2) protein in the SHRP group, required for nitric oxide-dependent vessel relaxation. The SHRT group showed downregulation of collagen-1 (COL1). Accordingly, SHRP showed an increase (+69%) in the e-NOS protein level and SHRT showed a lower COL1 protein level (-46%) compared with SHRC. (4) Conclusions: Both perindopril and aerobic training reduced arterial stiffness in SHR; however, the results suggest that the mechanisms can be distinct. While treatment with perindopril increased EHD2, a protein involved in vessel relaxation, aerobic training decreased COL1 protein level, an important protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that normally enhances vessel rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle Siqueira Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lia Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos 14801-903, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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de Paula VF, Tardelli LP, Amaral SL. Dexamethasone-Induced Arterial Stiffening Is Attenuated by Training due to a Better Balance Between Aortic Collagen and Elastin Levels. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07438-z. [PMID: 36795192 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the cardioprotective benefits of exercise training are well known, the effects of training on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness are still unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms induced by training to prevent DEX-induced arterial stiffness. METHODS Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups and submitted to combined training (aerobic and resistance exercises, on alternate days, 60% of maximal capacity, for 74 d) or were kept sedentary: sedentary control rats (SC), DEX-treated sedentary rats (DS), combined training control (CT), and DEX-treated trained rats (DT). During the last 14 d, rats were treated with DEX (50 μg/kg per body weight, per day, s.c.) or saline. RESULTS DEX increased PWV (+44% vs +5% m/s, for DS vs SC, p<0.001) and increased aortic COL 3 protein level (+75%) in DS. In addition, PWV was correlated with COL3 levels (r=0.682, p<0.0001). Aortic elastin and COL1 protein levels remained unchanged. On the other hand, the trained and treated groups showed lower PWV values (-27% m/s, p<0.001) vs DS and lower values of aortic and femoral COL3 compared with DS. CONCLUSION As DEX is widely used in several situations, the clinical relevance of this study is that the maintenance of good physical capacity throughout life can be crucial to alleviate some of its side effects, such as arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius F de Paula
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P Tardelli
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
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Aboaziza E, Feaster K, Hare L, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy affects long-term arterial function in offspring. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:59-71. [PMID: 36417201 PMCID: PMC9762967 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00582.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping, or electronic cigarette (ecig) use, is prevalent among pregnant women, although little is known about the effects of perinatal ecig use on cardiovascular health of the progeny (even when using nicotine-free e-liquid). Maternal toxicant inhalation may adversely affect vital conduit vessel development. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal exposure to maternal vaping would lead to a dose-dependent dysfunction that would persist into later life of offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either nicotine-free (ecig0) or nicotine-containing ecig aerosol (18 mg/mL, ecig18) starting on gestational day 2 and continued until pups were weaned (postnatal day 21). Pups were never directly exposed. Conduit artery function (stiffness and reactivity) and structure were assessed in 3- and 7-mo-old offspring. At 3 mo, pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the ecig0 and ecig18 offspring was significantly higher than controls in both the 20 puffs/day (6.6 ± 2.1 and 4.8 ± 1.3 vs. 3.2 ± 0.7 m/s, respectively, P < 0.05, means ± SD) and in 60 puffs/day exposure cohort (7.5 ± 2.8 and 7.5 ± 2.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 m/s, respectively, P < 0.01). Wire myography revealed (range of 23%-31%) impaired aortic relaxation in all ecig exposure groups (with or without nicotine). Incubation of vessels with TEMPOL or Febuxostat reversed the aortic dysfunction, implicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species. Nearly identical changes and pattern was seen in vascular outcomes of 7-mo-old offspring. The take-home message from this preclinical study is that maternal vaping during pregnancy, with or without nicotine, leads to maladaptations in vascular (aortic) development that persist into adult life of offspring.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observe a significant alteration in arterial structure and function in adolescent and adult offspring due to developmental exposure to toxicants resulting from perinatal maternal vaping. Taken together with previous work that described lasting dysfunction in cerebral microvasculature in offspring, these data underscore the adverse consequences of maternal exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in conduit and resistance vessels alike, irrespective of nicotine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Aboaziza
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kimberly Feaster
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lance Hare
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul D Chantler
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - I Mark Olfert
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- WVU Center of Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Tardelli LP, Duchatsch F, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Pagan LU, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Amaral SL. Benefits of combined exercise training on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Front Physiol 2022; 13:916179. [PMID: 36045742 PMCID: PMC9420846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.916179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced arterial stiffness is an important side-effect, associated with hypertension and future cardiovascular events, which can be counteracted by exercise training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms induced by combined training to attenuate arterial stiffness and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated or not with dexamethasone. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent combined training for 74 days and were treated with dexamethasone (50 µg/kg s. c.) or saline solution during the last 14 days. Wistar rats were used as controls. Echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), as well as histological analyses of the heart and aorta, carotid and femoral arteries were performed. At the beginning, SHR had higher BP and PWV compared with Wistar rats. After 60 days, while BP increased in sedentary SHR, combined exercise training decreased BP and PWV. After 74d, the higher BP and PWV of sedentary SHR was accompanied by autonomic imbalance to the heart, cardiac remodeling, and higher arterial collagen deposition. DEX treatment did not change these parameters. On the other hand, trained SHR had reduced BP and PWV, which was associated with better autonomic balance to the heart, reduced myocardial collagen deposition, as well as lower arterial collagen deposition. The results of this study suggest that combined training, through the reduction of aortic collagen deposition, is an important strategy to reduce arterial stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and these lower responses were maintained regardless of dexamethasone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidieli P. Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A. Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando R. Ruiz
- Joint Graduate Program in Animal Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana U. Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sandra L. Amaral,
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Miotto DS, Duchatsch F, Macedo AG, Ruiz TFR, Vicentini CA, Amaral SL. Perindopril Reduces Arterial Pressure and Does Not Inhibit Exercise-Induced Angiogenesis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:519-528. [PMID: 33394824 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sympathetic activity, arteriolar structure, and angiogenesis are important mechanisms modulating hypertension and this study aimed to analyze the effects of perindopril treatment, associated or not with exercise training, on the mechanisms that control blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were allocated into 4 groups: 1/sedentary (S); 2/perindopril (P, 3.0 mg/kg/d); 3/trained (T); and 4/trained + perindopril (TP). Wistar rats were used as normotensive sedentary control group. SHR were assigned to undergo a treadmill training (T) or were kept sedentary. Heart rate, BP, sympathetic activity to the vessels (LF-SBP), and skeletal muscle and myocardial morphometric analyses were performed. BP was significantly lower after all 3 strategies, compared with S and was accompanied by lower LF-SBP (-76%, -53%, and -44%, for P, T, and TP, respectively). Arteriolar vessel wall cross-sectional area was lower after treatments (-56%, -52%, and -56%, for P, T, and TP, respectively), and only TP presented higher arteriolar lumen area. Capillary rarefaction was present in soleus muscle and myocardium in S group and both trained groups presented higher vessel density, although perindopril attenuated this increase in soleus muscle. Although myocyte diameter was not different between groups, myocardial collagen deposition area, higher in S group, was lower after 3 strategies. In conclusion, we may suggest that perindopril could be an option for the hypertensive people who practice exercise and need a specific pharmacological treatment to reach a better BP control, mainly because training-induced angiogenesis is an important response to facilitate blood flow perfusion and oxygen uptake and perindopril did not attenuate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle S Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences- UNESP, School of Sciences, São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil; and
| | | | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
- Physical Education, UNESP, School of Sciences, Bauru/SP, Brazil
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Tardelli LP, Duchatsch F, Herrera NA, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Amaral SL. Differential effects of dexamethasone on arterial stiffness, myocardial remodeling and blood pressure between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1673-1686. [PMID: 33629383 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced hypertension is observed in normotensive rats, but little is known about the effects of DEX on spontaneously hypertensive animals (SHR). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of DEX on hemodynamics, cardiac hypertrophy and arterial stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Wistar rats and SHR were treated with DEX (50 μg/kg s.c., 14 d) or saline. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure (BP), autonomic modulation and histological analyses of heart and thoracic aorta were performed. SHR had higher BP compared with Wistar, associated with autonomic unbalance to the heart. Echocardiographic changes in SHR (vs. Wistar) were suggestive of cardiac remodeling: higher relative wall thickness (RWT, +28%) and left ventricle mass index (LVMI, +26%) and lower left ventricle systolic diameter (LVSD, -19%) and LV diastolic diameter (LVDD, -10%), with slightly systolic dysfunction and preserved diastolic dysfunction. Also, SHR had lower myocardial capillary density and similar collagen deposition area. PWV was higher in SHR due to higher aortic collagen deposition. DEX-treated Wistar rats presented higher BP (~23%) and autonomic unbalance. DEX did not change cardiac structure in Wistar, but PWV (+21%) and aortic collagen deposition area (+21%) were higher compared with control. On the other side, DEX did not change BP or autonomic balance to the heart in SHR, but reduced RWT and LV collagen deposition area (-12% vs. SHRCT ). In conclusion, the results suggest a differential effect of dexamethasone on arterial stiffness, myocardial remodeling and blood pressure between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidieli P Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Naiara A Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Medical Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
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Miotto DS, Dionizio A, Jacomini AM, Zago AS, Buzalaf MAR, Amaral SL. Identification of Aortic Proteins Involved in Arterial Stiffness in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated With Perindopril:A Proteomic Approach. Front Physiol 2021; 12:624515. [PMID: 33679438 PMCID: PMC7928294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.624515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, frequently associated with hypertension, is associated with disorganization of the vascular wall and has been recognized as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. The identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in aortic stiffness would be an emerging target for hypertension therapeutic intervention. This study evaluated the effects of perindopril on pulse wave velocity (PWV) and on the differentially expressed proteins in aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), using a proteomic approach. SHR and Wistar rats were treated with perindopril (SHRP) or water (SHRc and Wistar rats) for 8 weeks. At the end, SHRC presented higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, +70%) and PWV (+31%) compared with Wistar rats. SHRP had higher values of nitrite concentration and lower PWV compared with SHRC. From 21 upregulated proteins in the aortic wall from SHRC, most of them were involved with the actin cytoskeleton organization, like Tropomyosin and Cofilin-1. After perindopril treatment, there was an upregulation of the GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which normally inhibits the RhoA/Rho-kinase/cofilin-1 pathway and may contribute to decreased arterial stiffening. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that treatment with perindopril reduced SBP and PWV in SHR. In addition, the proteomic analysis in aorta suggested, for the first time, that the RhoA/Rho-kinase/Cofilin-1 pathway may be inhibited by perindopril-induced upregulation of GDIs or increases in NO bioavailability in SHR. Therefore, we may propose that activation of GDIs or inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway could be a possible strategy to treat arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle S Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - André M Jacomini
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos and São Paulo State University, UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
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