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Mu Q, Dong Z, Kong W, Wang X, Yu J, Ji W, Su J, Xu Z. Response of immunoglobulin M in gut mucosal immunity of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037517. [PMID: 36466906 PMCID: PMC9713697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is an important immune effector that protects organisms from a wide variety of pathogens. However, little is known about the immune response of gut mucosal IgM during bacterial invasion. Here, we generated polyclonal antibodies against common carp IgM and developed a model of carp infection with Aeromonas hydrophila via intraperitoneal injection. Our findings indicated that both innate and adaptive immune responses were effectively elicited after A. hydrophila infection. Upon bacterial infection, IgM+ B cells were strongly induced in the gut and head kidney, and bacteria-specific IgM responses were detected in high levels both in the gut mucus and serum. Moreover, our results suggested that IgM responses may vary in different infection strategies. Overall, our findings revealed that the infected common carp exhibited high resistance to this representative enteropathogenic bacterium upon reinfection, suggesting that IgM plays a key role in the defense mechanisms of the gut against bacterial invasion. Significantly, the second injection of A. hydrophila induces strong local mucosal immunity in the gut, which is essential for protection against intestinal pathogens, providing reasonable insights for vaccine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Mu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoran Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Zhang XT, Yu YY, Xu HY, Huang ZY, Liu X, Cao JF, Meng KF, Wu ZB, Han GK, Zhan MT, Ding LG, Kong WG, Li N, Takizawa F, Sunyer JO, Xu Z. Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection. J Immunol 2021; 206:1088-1101. [PMID: 33495235 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite. However, very little is known about the types of B cells and Igs responding to bacterial infection in the teleost skin mucosa, as well as the inductive or effector role of the SALT in such responses. To address these questions, in this study, we analyzed the immune response of trout skin upon infection with one of the most widespread fish skin bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare This pathogen induced strong skin innate immune and inflammatory responses at the initial phases of infection. More critically, we found that the skin mucus of fish having survived the infection contained significant IgT- but not IgM- or IgD-specific titers against the bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the local proliferation and production of IgT+ B cells and specific IgT titers, respectively, within the SALT upon bacterial infection. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration that IgT is the main Ig isotype induced by the skin mucosa upon bacterial infection and that, because of the large surface of the skin, its SALT probably represents a prominent IgT-inductive site in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Ben Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Kun Han
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Guang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Lavrinenko IV, Shulga LV, Peredera OO, Zhernosik IA. Analysis of the treatment regimen efficacy for columnaris disease in Pterophyllum scalare. Regul Mech Biosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies on the treatment scheme efficacy for columnaris in Pterophyllum scalare, common under private aquarium husbandry conditions. To establish the diagnosis, the clinical features of the diseased fish, pathological and anatomical changes and the results of microscopic and microbiological studies were taken into account. Separate chemical and microbiological parameters of aquarium water were also studied. It was established that fish disease developed against the background of adverse changes in the chemical composition and microbiocenosis of aquarium water. High alkalinity and excess of phosphates compared to the norm provoked accumulation of opportunistic microbiota, resulting in a balance disorder in the parasite-host system and development of clinical manifestation of the fish disease. During the disease outbreak, bacteriological indices of water indicated a high level of organic contamination and a low intensity of water self-purification processes. Clinically, the disease was manifested in P. scalare by decrease in appetite and motor activity, onset of ulcerative lesions of various shapes and sizes on the surface of the body and on the gill covers. Selected pure cultures of Flavobacterium columnare showed sensitivity to enrofloxacin (growth retardation zone 31.3 ± 1.0 mm); moderate resistance was found to tylosin. The microorganisms were resistant to amoxicillin, doxycycline, benzylpenicillin and tetracycline. Microscopic studies of intestinal specimens of dead P. scalare revealed numerous motile flagellates. It has been shown that an effective treatment regimen that provides recovery for 70% of diseased P. scalare is the use of enroxil 10% solution for five days, metronidazole three times a day, and “API MelaFix” for seven days. It is proved that the following measures are effective to restore the disrupted hydro-balance: periodic water replacement in the amount of 20% of the total volume, providing the aquarium with active aeration systems, planting slow-growing plants and reducing the amount of fish food provided. The measures developed were efficient, they led to elimination of the outbreak of columnaris in the P. scalare and to restoration of biological equilibrium in a closed aquatic ecosystem.
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Tavares GC, Valladão GMR, Da Silva AS, Antoniazzi A, Cunha MA, Baldisserotto B. Purinergic signaling and gene expression of purinoceptors in the head kidney of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen experimentally infected by Flavobacterium columnare. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104070. [PMID: 32081613 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The head kidney is a lymphoid immune organ that plays a key role in the immune and inflammatory responses of teleost fish. It is associated with immunoglobulin G production and differentiation of B cells. The presence of a multi-enzymatic complex found anchored in the plasma membrane makes the head kidney an important purinergic-dependent tissue. Purinergic signaling has been associated with these responses under pathological conditions via regulation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main damage molecular associated pattern agent released during bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether purinergic signaling is a pathway associated with impairment of immune responses in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected by Flavobacterium columnare, as well as to evaluate the role of P2 purine receptors in this response. Triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity in the head kidney was significantly lower in silver catfish experimentally-infected F. columnare 72 h post-infection (hpi) than in the control group, while no significant difference was observed with respect NTPDase activity on adenosine diphosphate, as well as on 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities. Extracellular ATP levels were significantly higher in the head kidney of experimentally-infected fish than in the control group at 72 hpi. Finally, p2ry11 and p2rx3 purine receptor levels were significantly higher in experimentally-infected fish than in the control group at 72 hpi. We conclude that purinergic signaling in the head kidney of silver catfish infected by F. columnare creates a pro-inflammatory profile that may contribute to impairment of immune and inflammatory responses via reduction of ATP hydrolysis and its accumulation in the extracellular milieu, accompanied by upregulation of p2ry11 and p2rx3 purine receptors, leading to pro-inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M R Valladão
- Postgraduate Program in Aquaculture, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Antoniazzi
- Animal Reproduction Laboratory (BIOREP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro A Cunha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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