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Bian H, Zhang L, Yao Y, Lv F, Wei J. How traditional Chinese medicine can prevent recurrence of common bile duct stones after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363071. [PMID: 38659575 PMCID: PMC11039848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common bile duct stones, as a type of cholelithiasis, are a benign biliary obstruction that easily acute abdominalgia, and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is usually the first choice for clinical treatment. However, the increasing recurrence rate of patients after treatment is troubling clinicians and patients. For the prevention of recurrence after ERCP, there is no guideline to provide a clear drug regimen, traditional Chinese medicine however has achieved some result in the treatment of liver-related diseases based on the "gut-liver-bile acid axis". On the basis of this, this article discusses the possibility of traditional Chinese medicine to prevent common bile duct stones (CBDS) after ERCP, and we expect that this article will provide new ideas for the prevention of recurrence of CBDS and for the treatment of cholelithiasis-related diseases with traditional Chinese medicine in future clinical and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupu Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqi Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Huang J, Suzuki M, Endo A, Watanabe A, Sakata I. The role of free fatty acid receptor-1 in gastric contractions in Suncus murinus. Food Funct 2024; 15:2221-2233. [PMID: 38318756 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Motilin is an important hormonal regulator in the migrating motor complex (MMC). Free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1, also known as GPR40) has been reported to stimulate motilin release in human duodenal organoids. However, how FFAR1 regulates gastric motility in vivo is unclear. This study investigated the role of FFAR1 in the regulation of gastric contractions and its possible mechanism of action using Suncus murinus. Firstly, intragastric administration of oleic acid (C18:1, OA), a natural ligand for FFAR1, stimulated phase II-like contractions, followed by phase III-like contractions in the fasted state, and the gastric emptying rate was accelerated. The administration of GW1100, an FFAR1 antagonist, inhibited the effects of OA-induced gastric contractions. Intravenous infusion of a ghrelin receptor antagonist (DLS) or serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor antagonist (GR125487) inhibited phase II-like contractions and prolonged the onset of phase III-like contractions induced by OA. MA-2029, a motilin receptor antagonist, delayed the occurrence of phase III-like contractions. In vagotomized suncus, OA did not induce phase II-like contractions. In addition, OA promoted gastric emptying through a vagal pathway during the postprandial period. However, OA did not directly act on the gastric body to induce contractions in vitro. In summary, this study indicates that ghrelin, motilin, 5-HT, and the vagus nerve are involved in the role of FFAR1 regulating MMC. Our findings provide novel evidence for the involvement of nutritional factors in the regulation of gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Miu Suzuki
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ami Endo
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.
- Research Area of Evolutionary Molecular Design, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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Cho MS, Park JW, Kim J, Ko SJ. The influence of herbal medicine on serum motilin and its effect on human and animal model: a systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1286333. [PMID: 38161695 PMCID: PMC10755953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1286333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Motilin (MLN) is a gastrointestinal (GI) hormone produced in the upper small intestine. Its most well understood function is to participate in Phase III of the migrating myoelectric complex component of GI motility. Changes in MLN availability are associated with GI diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia. Furthermore, herbal medicines have been used for several years to treat various GI disorders. We systematically reviewed clinical and animal studies on how herbal medicine affects the modulation of MLN and subsequently brings the therapeutic effects mainly focused on GI function. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to collect all articles published until 30 July 2023, that reported the measurement of plasma MLN levels in human randomized controlled trials and in vivo herbal medicine studies. The collected characteristics of the articles included the name and ingredients of the herbal medicine, physiological and symptomatic changes after administering the herbal medicine, changes in plasma MLN levels, key findings, and mechanisms of action. The frequency patterns (FPs) of botanical drug use and their correlations were investigated using an FP growth algorithm. Results: Nine clinical studies with 1,308 participants and 20 animal studies were included in the final analyses. Herbal medicines in clinical studies have shown therapeutic effects in association with increased levels of MLN, including GI motility regulation and symptom improvement. Herbal medicines have also shown anti-stress, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Various biochemical markers may correlate with MLN levels. Markers may have a positive correlation with plasma MLN levels included ghrelin, acetylcholine, and secretin, whereas a negative correlation included triglycerides and prostaglandin E2. Markers, such as gastrin and somatostatin, did not show any correlation with plasma MLN levels. Based on the FP growth algorithm, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Paeonia japonica were the most frequently used species. Conclusion: Herbal medicine may have therapeutic effects mainly on GI symptoms with involvement of MLN regulation and may be considered as an alternative option for the treatment of GI diseases. Further studies with more solid evidence are needed to confirm the efficacy and mechanisms of action of herbal medicines. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=443244, identifier CRD42023443244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Cho
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Foreman R, Miedzybrodzka EL, Eiríksson FF, Thorsteinsdóttir M, Bannon C, Wheller R, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Kay RG. Optimized LC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of ppCCK(21-44): A Surrogate to Monitor Human Cholecystokinin Secretion. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2950-2958. [PMID: 37591880 PMCID: PMC10476265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted postprandially from duodenal enteroendocrine cells and circulates in the low picomolar range. Detection of this digestion and appetite-regulating hormone currently relies on the use of immunoassays, many of which suffer from insufficient sensitivity in the physiological range and cross-reactivity problems with gastrin, which circulates at higher plasma concentrations. As an alternative to existing techniques, a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry-based method was developed to measure CCK-derived peptides in cell culture supernatants. The method was initially applied to organoid studies and was capable of detecting both CCK8 and an N-terminal peptide fragment (prepro) ppCCK(21-44) in supernatants following stimulation. Extraction optimization was performed using statistical modeling software, enabling a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for ppCCK(21-44) capable of detecting this peptide in the low pM range in human plasma and secretion buffer solutions. Plasma samples from healthy individuals receiving a standardized meal (Ensure) after an overnight fast were analyzed; however, the method only had sensitivity to detect ppCCK(21-44). Secretion studies employing human intestinal organoids and meal studies in healthy volunteers confirmed that ppCCK(21-44) is a suitable surrogate analyte for measuring the release of CCK in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
E. Foreman
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
- Peptidomics
and Proteomics Core Facility, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic
Science, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge CB2
0QQ, U.K.
| | - Emily L. Miedzybrodzka
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | | | | | - Christopher Bannon
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | - Robert Wheller
- Drug
Development Solutions, Part of Alliance Pharma Ltd., Fordham CB7 5WW, U.K.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
| | - Richard G. Kay
- Wellcome-MRC
Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level
4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K.
- Peptidomics
and Proteomics Core Facility, Level 4, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic
Science, Addenbrooke’s
Hospital, Cambridge CB2
0QQ, U.K.
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Atanga R, Singh V, In JG. Intestinal Enteroendocrine Cells: Present and Future Druggable Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108836. [PMID: 37240181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized secretory lineage cells in the small and large intestines that secrete hormones and peptides in response to luminal contents. The various hormones and peptides can act upon neighboring cells and as part of the endocrine system, circulate systemically via immune cells and the enteric nervous system. Locally, enteroendocrine cells have a major role in gastrointestinal motility, nutrient sensing, and glucose metabolism. Targeting the intestinal enteroendocrine cells or mimicking hormone secretion has been an important field of study in obesity and other metabolic diseases. Studies on the importance of these cells in inflammatory and auto-immune diseases have only recently been reported. The rapid global increase in metabolic and inflammatory diseases suggests that increased understanding and novel therapies are needed. This review will focus on the association between enteroendocrine changes and metabolic and inflammatory disease progression and conclude with the future of enteroendocrine cells as potential druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Julie G In
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Qi B, Zhang Y, Ren D, Qin X, Wang N, Yang X. Fu Brick Tea Alleviates Constipation via Regulating the Aquaporins-Mediated Water Transport System in Association with Gut Microbiota. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3862-3875. [PMID: 36802556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the amendatory effects of Fu brick tea aqueous extract (FTE) on constipation and its underlying molecular mechanism. The administration of FTE by oral gavage (100 and 400 mg/kg·bw) for 5 weeks significantly increased fecal water content, improved difficult defecation, and enhanced intestinal propulsion in loperamide (LOP)-induced constipated mice. FTE also reduced colonic inflammatory factors, maintained the intestinal tight junction structure, and inhibited colonic Aquaporins (AQPs) expression, thus normalizing the intestinal barrier and colonic water transport system of constipated mice. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis results indicated that two doses of FTE increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio at the phylum level and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus from 5.6 ± 1.3 to 21.5 ± 3.4% and 28.5 ± 4.3% at the genus level, subsequently resulting in a significant elevation of colonic contents short-chain fatty acids levels. The metabolomic analysis demonstrated that FTE improved levels of 25 metabolites associated with constipation. These findings suggest that Fu brick tea has the potential to alleviate constipation by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, thereby improving the intestinal barrier and AQPs-mediated water transport system in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangran Qi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinshu Qin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Hu N, Wang J, Chen X, Wang K, Yin Y. Motilin and its receptor are expressed in the dorsal horn in a rat model of acute incisional pain: Intrathecal motilin injection alleviates pain behaviors. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1104862. [PMID: 36816129 PMCID: PMC9932669 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To observe the effects of intrathecal administration of motilin on pain behavior and expression of motilin (MTL)/motilin receptor (MTLR) in the spinal cord of a rat model of acute incisional pain. Methods An incisional pain model was established in rats using a unilateral plantar incision. The rats were also injected intrathecally with 1, 5, or 25 μg of motilin. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were determined. MTL/MTLR expression in the spinal cord was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The expression of MTL in the spinal cord, stomach, duodenum, and plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Motilin/motilin receptor were detected in the spinal cord. Spinal cord MTL/MTLR expression peaks at 2 h after modeling (P < 0.05) and start to decrease at 24 h (P < 0.05) to almost reach baseline levels at 72 h. The changes in gastric, duodenal, plasma, and spinal cord motilin levels correlated with MWT and TWL (all R 2 > 0.82). The intrathecal injection of 1, 5, or 25 μg of motilin could increase the pain threshold of rats with incisional pain within 72 h in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This study showed for the first time that MTL/MTLR are expressed in rats' spinal dorsal horn. Acute pain increased MTL/MTLR expression in the spinal dorsal horn. Also, for the first time, this study showed that motilin intrathecal injection alleviates pain in rat models of acute incisional pain. These results suggest that MTL/MTLR could be a novel target for the management of acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,Kaiyuan Wang,
| | - Yiqing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Yiqing Yin,
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Mori H, Verbeure W, Tanemoto R, Sosoranga ER. Physiological functions and potential clinical applications of motilin. Peptides 2023; 160:170905. [PMID: 36436612 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by the duodenum. This peptide regulates a characteristic gastrointestinal contraction pattern, called the migrating motor complex, during the fasting state. Motilin also affects the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, gastric motility and gastric accommodation in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, motilin induces bile discharge into the duodenum by promoting gallbladder contraction, pepsin secretion in the stomach, pancreatic juice and insulin secretion from the pancreas. In recent years, it has been shown that motilin is associated with appetite, and clinical applications are expected for diseases affected by food intake, e.g. obesity, by regulating motilin levels. Gastric acid and bile are the two major physiological regulators for motilin release. Caloric foods have varying effects on motilin levels, depending on their composition. Among non-caloric foods, bitter substances reduce motilin levels and are therefore expected to have an appetite-suppressing effect. Various motilin receptor agonists and antagonists have been developed but have yet to reach clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mori
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Wout Verbeure
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rina Tanemoto
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Matsumoto M, Takemi S, Sakai T, Sakata I. Identification of motilin in Japanese fire bellied newt. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114031. [PMID: 35331740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motilin, a peptide hormone consisting of 22 amino acid residues, was identified in the duodenum of pigs in the 1970s. It is known to induce gastrointestinal contractions during the interdigestive state in mammals. Although the motilin gene has been identified in various animal species, it has not been studied in amphibians. Here, we identified the motilin gene in the Japanese fire bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster), and conducted an analysis of tissue distribution, morphological observations, and physiological experiments. The deduced mature newt motilin comprises 22 amino acid residues, like in mammals and birds. The C-terminus of the newt motilin showed high homology with motilin from other species compared to the N-terminus region, which is considered the bioactive site. Motilin mRNA expression in newts was abundant in the upper small intestine, with notably high motilin mRNA expression found in the pancreas. Motilin-producing cells were found in the mucosal layer of the upper small intestine and existed as two cell types: open-and closed-type cells. Motilin-producing cells in the pancreas were also found to produce insulin but not glucagon. Newt motilin stimulated gastric contractions but not in other parts of the intestines in vitro, and motilin-induced gastric contraction was significantly inhibited by treatment with atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. These results indicate that motilin is also present in amphibians, and that its gastrointestinal contractile effects are conserved in mammals, birds, and amphibians. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of pancreatic motilin, suggesting that newt motilin has an additional unknown physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Matsumoto
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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