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Chen Y, Hao L, Cong J, Ji J, Dai Y, Xu L, Gong B. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the crosstalk between type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2079. [PMID: 38690006 PMCID: PMC11058262 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mounting evidence highlights a strong association between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the exact mechanism of interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk genes and pathogenesis between CP and T2D. Methods Transcriptomic gene expression profiles of CP and T2D were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus, respectively, and the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified. Further analysis, such as Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction, transcription factors (TFs), microRNA (miRNAs), and candidate chemicals identification, was performed to explore the possible common signatures between the two diseases. Results In total, we acquired 281 common DEGs by interacting CP and T2D datasets, and identified 10 hub genes using CytoHubba. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were closely related to these common DEGs. Among the shared genes, EEF2, DLD, RAB5A, and SLC30A9 showed promising diagnostic value for both diseases based on receiver operating characteristic curve and precision-recall curves. Additionally, we identified 16 key TFs and 16 miRNAs that were strongly correlated with the hub genes, which may serve as new molecular targets for CP and T2D. Finally, candidate chemicals that might become potential drugs for treating CP and T2D were screened out. Conclusion This study provides evidence that there are shared genes and pathological signatures between CP and T2D. The genes EEF2, DLD, RAB5A, and SLC30A9 have been identified as having the highest diagnostic efficiency and could be served as biomarkers for these diseases, providing new insights into precise diagnosis and treatment for CP and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlan Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Digestive Diseases, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lixiao Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Cong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianmei Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yancheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Biao Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Digestive Diseases, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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2
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Ng AN, Salter EW, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Collingridge GL. Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers enhance mGlu 5R-dependent synaptic weakening via NMDAR activation and complement C5aR1 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108412. [PMID: 38053635 PMCID: PMC10694656 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic weakening and loss are well-correlated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oligomeric amyloid beta (oAβ) is considered a major synaptotoxic trigger for AD. Recent studies have implicated hyperactivation of the complement cascade as the driving force for loss of synapses caused by oAβ. However, the initial synaptic cues that trigger pathological complement activity remain elusive. Here, we examined a form of synaptic long-term depression (LTD) mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that is disrupted in rodent models of AD. Exogenous application of oAβ (1-42) to mouse hippocampal slices enhanced the magnitude of mGlu subtype 5 receptor (mGlu5R)-dependent LTD. We found that the enhanced synaptic weakening occurred via both N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and complement C5aR1 signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanistic interaction between mGlu5R, NMDARs, and the complement system in aberrant synaptic weakening induced by oAβ, which could represent an early trigger of synaptic loss and degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Na Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eric W. Salter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
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3
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Piserchio A, Isiorho EA, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Structure of the complex between calmodulin and a functional construct of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase bound to an ATP-competitive inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2023:104813. [PMID: 37172726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The calmodulin-activated α-kinase, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) serves as a master regulator of translational elongation by specifically phosphorylating and reducing the ribosome-affinity of the guanosine triphosphatase, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2). Given its critical role in a fundamental cellular process, dysregulation of eEF-2K has been implicated in several human diseases, including those of the cardiovascular system, chronic neuropathies, and many cancers, making it a critical pharmacological target. In the absence of high-resolution structural information, high-throughput screening efforts have yielded small-molecule candidates that show promise as eEF-2K antagonists. Principal among these is the ATP-competitive pyrimido-pyrimidinedione inhibitor, A-484954, which shows high specificity towards eEF-2K relative to a panel of "typical" protein kinases. A-484954 has been shown to have some degree of efficacy in animal models of several disease states. It has also been widely deployed as a reagent in eEF-2K-specific biochemical and cell-biological studies. However, given the absence of structural information, the precise mechanism of the A-484954-mediated inhibition of eEF-2K has remained obscure. Leveraging our identification of the calmodulin-activatable catalytic core of eEF-2K and our recent determination of its long-elusive structure, here we present the structural basis for its specific inhibition by A-484954. This structure, which represents the first for an inhibitor-bound catalytic domain of a member of the α-kinase family, enables rationalization of the existing structure-activity relationship data for A-484954 variants and lays the groundwork for further optimization of this scaffold to attain enhanced specificity/potency against eEF-2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031
| | - Eta A Isiorho
- Macromolecular Crystallization Facility, CUNY ASRC, New York, NY 10031
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, the University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712.
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031; PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016; PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016; PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016.
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4
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Piserchio A, Long K, Browning L, Bohanon A, Isiorho E, Dalby K, Ghose R. ADP enhances the allosteric activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by calmodulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300902120. [PMID: 37068230 PMCID: PMC10151598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300902120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein translation, one of the most energy-consumptive processes in a eukaryotic cell, requires robust regulation, especially under energy-deprived conditions. A critical component of this regulation is the suppression of translational elongation through reduced ribosome association of the GTPase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) resulting from its specific phosphorylation by the calmodulin (CaM)-activated α-kinase eEF-2 kinase (eEF-2K). It has been suggested that the eEF-2K response to reduced cellular energy levels is indirect and mediated by the universal energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through direct stimulatory phosphorylation and/or downregulation of the eEF-2K-inhibitory nutrient-sensing mTOR pathway. Here, we provide structural, biochemical, and cell-biological evidence of a direct energy-sensing role of eEF-2K through its stimulation by ADP. A crystal structure of the nucleotide-bound complex between CaM and the functional core of eEF-2K phosphorylated at its primary stimulatory site (T348) reveals ADP bound at a unique pocket located on the face opposite that housing the kinase active site. Within this basic pocket (BP), created at the CaM/eEF-2K interface upon complex formation, ADP is stabilized through numerous interactions with both interacting partners. Biochemical analyses using wild-type eEF-2K and specific BP mutants indicate that ADP stabilizes CaM within the active complex, increasing the sensitivity of the kinase to CaM. Induction of energy stress through glycolysis inhibition results in significantly reduced enhancement of phosphorylated eEF-2 levels in cells expressing ADP-binding compromised BP mutants compared to cells expressing wild-type eEF-2K. These results suggest a direct energy-sensing role for eEF-2K through its cooperative interaction with CaM and ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY10031
| | - Kimberly J. Long
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
| | - Luke S. Browning
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, the University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
| | - Amanda L. Bohanon
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, the University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
| | - Eta A. Isiorho
- Macromolecular Crystallization Facility CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY10031
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, the University of Texas, Austin, TX78712
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY10031
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY10016
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY10016
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY10016
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5
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Sha S, Chaigneau T, Krantic S. Pre-symptomatic synaptic dysfunction and longitudinal decay of hippocampal synaptic function in APPPS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is sex-independent. Brain Res Bull 2023; 198:36-49. [PMID: 37080395 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable, age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairments. Deficits in synaptic plasticity were reported in various models of AD-like pathology and are considered as an early contributing factor of cognitive impairment. However, the majority of previous studies were focused on overt, symptomatic stages of pathology and assessed long-term potentiation (LTP), whereas long-term depression (LTD) was much less investigated and the precise nature of its involvement remains poorly defined. To better understand the earliest synaptic dysfunctions along the pre-symptomatic stage of AD-like pathology, we performed a detailed analysis of underlying mechanisms and quantified basal synaptic activity, presynaptic release probability, and synaptic plasticity such as post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), as well as LTP and LTD. These parameters were studied in APPPS1 mouse model at two time points (early- and mid-) along the pre-symptomatic stage, which were compared with alterations monitored at two later time-points, i.e. the onset of cognitive deficits and the overt stage of full-blown pathology. Because sex is known to be an instrumental biological parameter in AD pathophysiology, all alterations were assessed in both males and females. Our data show that, as compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, initial neuronal hyperexcitability, seen at early pre-symptomatic stage shifts subsequently towards hypoexcitability at mid-pre-symptomatic stage and remains impaired at advanced stages. The pre-symptomatic changes also involve increased synaptic plasticity as assessed by paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), which returns to basal level at the onset of pathology and remains stable afterwards. Synaptic plasticity is impaired by mid-pre-symptomatic stage and manifests as lowered LTP and absence of LTD induction, the latter being reported here for the first time. Observed LTP and LTD impairments both persist in older APPPS1 mice. Remarkably, none of the observed differences was gender-dependent. Altogether, our data evidence that major impairments in basal synaptic efficacy and plasticity are detectable already during mid-pre-symptomatic stage of AD-like pathogenesis and likely involve hyperexcitability as the underlying mechanism. Our study also uncovers synaptic alterations that may become critical read-outs for testing the efficiency of novel, pre-symptomatic stage-targeted therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Thomas Chaigneau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France.
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6
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Valdivia G, Ardiles AO, Idowu A, Salazar C, Lee HK, Gallagher M, Palacios AG, Kirkwood A. mGluR-dependent plasticity in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1123294. [PMID: 36937569 PMCID: PMC10017879 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1123294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are currently the most comprehensive models of synaptic plasticity models to subserve learning and memory. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus LTP and LTD can be induced by the activation of either NMDA receptors or mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptors. Alterations in either form of synaptic plasticity, NMDAR-dependent or mGluR-dependent, are attractive candidates to contribute to learning deficits in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. Research, however, has focused predominantly on NMDAR-dependent forms of LTP and LTD. Here we studied age-associated changes in mGluR-dependent LTP and LTD in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and in Octodon degu, a rodent model of aging that exhibits features of AD. At 2 months of age, APP/PS1 mouse exhibited robust mGluR-dependent LTP and LTD that was completely lost by the 8th month of age. The expression of mGluR protein in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was not affected, consistent with previous findings indicating the uncoupling of the plasticity cascade from mGluR5 activation. In O. degu, the average mGluR-LTD magnitude is reduced by half by the 3 rd year of age. In aged O. degu individuals, the reduced mGluR-LTD correlated with reduced performance in a radial arm maze task. Altogether these findings support the idea that the preservation of mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity is essential for the preservation of learning capacity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Valdivia
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O. Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Abimbola Idowu
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Claudia Salazar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Hey-Kyoung Lee
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adrian G. Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Zhou X, Yang W, Wang X, Ma T. Isoform-specific effects of neuronal repression of the AMPK catalytic subunit on cognitive function in aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:932-946. [PMID: 36842095 PMCID: PMC10008489 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a molecular sensor that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. Dysregulation of the AMPK signaling has been linked to synaptic failure and cognitive impairments. Our recent study demonstrates abnormally increased AMPK activity in the hippocampus of aged mice. The kinase catalytic subunit of AMPK exists in two isoforms α1 and α2, and their specific roles in aging-related cognitive deficits are unknown. Taking advantage of the unique transgenic mice (AMPKα1/α2 cKO) recently developed by our group, we investigated how isoform-specific suppression of the neuronal AMPKα may contribute to the regulation of cognitive and synaptic function associated with aging. We found that aging-related impairment of long-term object recognition memory was improved with suppression of AMPKα1 but not AMPKα2 isoform. Moreover, aging-related spatial memory deficits were unaltered with suppression of either AMPKα isoform. Biochemical experiments showed that the phosphorylation levels of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (eIF2α) were specifically decreased in the hippocampus of the AMPKα1 cKO mice. We further performed large-scale unbiased proteomics analysis and revealed identities of proteins whose expression is differentially regulated with AMPKα isoform suppression. These novel findings may provide insights into the roles of AMPK signaling pathway in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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8
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Ma X, Li L, Li Z, Huang Z, Yang Y, Liu P, Guo D, Li Y, Wu T, Luo R, Xu J, Ye W, Jiang B, Shi L. eEF2 in the prefrontal cortex promotes excitatory synaptic transmission and social novelty behavior. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54543. [PMID: 35993189 PMCID: PMC9535807 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA translation is essential for brain development and function. Translation elongation factor eEF2 acts as a molecular hub orchestrating various synaptic signals to protein synthesis control and participates in hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. However, whether eEF2 regulates other behaviors in different brain regions has been unknown. Here, we construct a line of Eef2 heterozygous (HET) mice, which show a reduction in eEF2 and protein synthesis mainly in excitatory neurons of the prefrontal cortex. The mice also show lower spine density, reduced excitability, and AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). While HET mice exhibit normal learning and memory, they show defective social behavior and elevated anxiety. Knockdown of Eef2 in excitatory neurons of the mPFC specifically is sufficient to impair social novelty preference. Either chemogenetic activation of excitatory neurons in the mPFC or mPFC local infusion of the AMPAR potentiator PF-4778574 corrects the social novelty deficit of HET mice. Collectively, we identify a novel role for eEF2 in promoting prefrontal AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission underlying social novelty behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyue Ma
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liuren Li
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ziming Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhengyi Huang
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaorong Yang
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Peng Liu
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Daji Guo
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Clinical Neuroscience InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yueyao Li
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianying Wu
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruixiang Luo
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Rehabilitation of the Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Cai Ye
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lei Shi
- JNU‐HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience and Innovative Drug Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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9
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Li S, Stern AM. Bioactive human Alzheimer brain soluble Aβ: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3182-91. [PMID: 35484241 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plays an early role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise mechanism of how Aβ accumulation leads to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment remains unclear but is likely due to small soluble oligomers of Aβ (oAβ). Most studies have used chemical synthetic or cell-secreted Aβ oligomers to study their pathogenic mechanisms, but the Aβ derived from human AD brain tissue is less well characterized. Here we review updated knowledge on the extraction and characterization of bioactive human AD brain oAβ and the mechanisms by which they cause hippocampal synaptic dysfunction. Human AD brain-derived oAβ can impair hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhance long-term depression (LTD). Many studies suggest that oAβ may directly disrupt neuronal NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). oAβ also impairs astrocytic synaptic functions, including glutamate uptake, D-serine release, and NMDA receptor function. We also discuss oAβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitation. These results may suggest a multi-target approach for the treatment of AD, including both oAβ neutralization and reversal of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
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10
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Piserchio A, Isiorho EA, Long K, Bohanon AL, Kumar EA, Will N, Jeruzalmi D, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Structural basis for the calmodulin-mediated activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo2039. [PMID: 35857468 PMCID: PMC9258954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Translation is a tightly regulated process that ensures optimal protein quality and enables adaptation to energy/nutrient availability. The α-kinase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), a key regulator of translation, specifically phosphorylates the guanosine triphosphatase eEF-2, thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing the elongation phase of protein synthesis. eEF-2K activation requires calmodulin binding and autophosphorylation at the primary stimulatory site, T348. Biochemical studies predict a calmodulin-mediated activation mechanism for eEF-2K distinct from other calmodulin-dependent kinases. Here, we resolve the atomic details of this mechanism through a 2.3-Å crystal structure of the heterodimeric complex of calmodulin and the functional core of eEF-2K (eEF-2KTR). This structure, which represents the activated T348-phosphorylated state of eEF-2KTR, highlights an intimate association of the kinase with the calmodulin C-lobe, creating an "activation spine" that connects its amino-terminal calmodulin-targeting motif to its active site through a conserved regulatory element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Eta A. Isiorho
- Macromolecular Crystallization Facility, CUNY ASRC, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Kimberly Long
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Amanda L. Bohanon
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eric A. Kumar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nathan Will
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Jeruzalmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Ma T. Roles of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) in neuronal plasticity, cognition, and Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2021. [PMID: 34796967 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular signaling mechanisms underlying cognition and neuronal plasticity would provide insights into the pathogenesis of neuronal disorders characterized by cognitive syndromes such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Phosphorylation of the mRNA translational factor eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) by its specific kinase eEF2K is critically involved in protein synthesis regulation. In this review, we discussed recent studies on the roles of eEF2K/eEF2 signaling in the context of regulation/dysregulation of cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. We specifically focus on the discussion of recent evidence indicating suppression of eEF2K signaling as a potential novel therapeutic avenue for AD and related dementias (ADRDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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