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Luo YJ, Ge J, Chen ZK, Liu ZL, Lazarus M, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Li YD. Ventral pallidal glutamatergic neurons regulate wakefulness and emotion through separated projections. iScience 2023; 26:107385. [PMID: 37609631 PMCID: PMC10440712 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is often comorbid with depression, but the underlying neuronal circuit mechanism remains elusive. Recently, we reported that GABAergic ventral pallidum (VP) neurons control wakefulness associated with motivation. However, whether and how other subtypes of VP neurons regulate arousal and emotion are largely unknown. Here, we report glutamatergic VP (VPVglut2) neurons control wakefulness and depressive-like behaviors. Physiologically, the calcium activity of VPVglut2 neurons was increased during both NREM sleep-to-wake transitions and depressive/anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Functionally, activation of VPVglut2 neurons was sufficient to increase wakefulness and induce anxiety/depressive-like behaviors, whereas inhibition attenuated both. Dissection of the circuit revealed that separated projections of VPVglut2 neurons to the lateral hypothalamus and lateral habenula promote arousal and depressive-like behaviors, respectively. Our results demonstrate a subtype of VP neurons is responsible for wakefulness and emotion through separated projections, and may provide new lines for the intervention of insomnia and depression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Long Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201699, China
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Simmons SJ, Gentile TA. Cocaine abuse and midbrain circuits: Functional anatomy of hypocretin/orexin transmission and therapeutic prospect. Brain Res 2020; 1731:146164. [PMID: 30796894 PMCID: PMC6702109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse remains a pervasive public health problem, and treatments thus far have proven ineffective for long-term abstinence maintenance. Intensive research on the neurobiology underlying drug abuse has led to the consideration of many candidate transmitter systems to target for intervention. Among these, the hypocretin/orexin (hcrt/ox) neuropeptide system holds largely untapped yet clinically viable therapeutic potential. Hcrt/ox originates from the hypothalamus and projects widely across the mammalian central nervous system to produce neuroexcitatory actions via two excitatory G-protein coupled receptor subtypes. Functionally, hcrt/ox promotes arousal/wakefulness and facilitates energy homeostasis. In the early 2000s, hcrt/ox transmission was shown to underlie mating behavior in male rats suggesting a novel role in reward-seeking. Soon thereafter, hcrt/ox neurons were shown to respond to drug-associated stimuli, and hcrt/ox transmission was found to facilitate motivated responding for intravenous cocaine. Notably, blocking hcrt/ox transmission using systemic or site-directed pharmacological antagonists markedly reduced motivated drug-taking as well as drug-seeking in tests of relapse. This review will unfold the current state of knowledge implicating hcrt/ox receptor transmission in the context of cocaine abuse and provide detailed background on animal models and underlying midbrain circuits. Specifically, attention will be paid to the mesoaccumbens, tegmental, habenular, pallidal and preoptic circuits. The review will conclude with discussion of recent preclinical studies assessing utility of suvorexant - the first and only FDA-approved hcrt/ox receptor antagonist - against cocaine-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Simmons
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Taylor A Gentile
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yohn SE, Galbraith J, Calipari ES, Conn PJ. Shared Behavioral and Neurocircuitry Disruptions in Drug Addiction, Obesity, and Binge Eating Disorder: Focus on Group I mGluRs in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2125-2143. [PMID: 30933466 PMCID: PMC7898461 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated data from clinical and preclinical studies suggest that, in drug addiction and states of overeating, such as obesity and binge eating disorder (BED), there is an imbalance in circuits that are critical for motivation, reward saliency, executive function, and self-control. Central to these pathologies and the extensive topic of this Review are the aberrations in dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) within the mesolimbic pathway. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are highly expressed in the mesolimbic pathway and are poised in key positions to modulate disruptions in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release observed in drug addiction, obesity, and BED. The use of allosteric modulators of group I mGlus has been studied in drug addiction, as they offer several advantages over traditional orthosteric agents. However, they have yet to be studied in obesity or BED. With the substantial overlap between the neurocircuitry involved in drug addiction and eating disorders, group I mGlus may also provide novel targets for obesity and BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Yohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Jordan Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
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Tyree SM, de Lecea L. Lateral Hypothalamic Control of the Ventral Tegmental Area: Reward Evaluation and the Driving of Motivated Behavior. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:50. [PMID: 28729827 PMCID: PMC5498520 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) plays an important role in many motivated behaviors, sleep-wake states, food intake, drug-seeking, energy balance, etc. It is also home to a heterogeneous population of neurons that express and co-express multiple neuropeptides including hypocretin (Hcrt), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and neurotensin (NT). These neurons project widely throughout the brain to areas such as the locus coeruleus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the amygdala and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Lateral hypothalamic projections to the VTA are believed to be important for driving behavior due to the involvement of dopaminergic reward circuitry. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge regarding the lateral hypothalamic connections to the VTA and the role they play in driving these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Tyree
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, United States
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, United States
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Abstract
Understanding the brain circuitry that underlies reward is critical to improve treatment for many common health issues, including obesity, depression, and addiction. Here we focus on insights into the organization and function of reward circuitry and its synaptic and structural adaptations in response to cocaine exposure. While the importance of certain circuits, such as the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway, are well established in drug reward, recent studies using genetics-based tools have revealed functional changes throughout the reward circuitry that contribute to different facets of addiction, such as relapse and craving. The ability to observe and manipulate neuronal activity within specific cell types and circuits has led to new insight into not only the basic connections between brain regions, but also the molecular changes within these specific microcircuits, such as neurotrophic factor and GTPase signaling or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor function, that underlie synaptic and structural plasticity evoked by drugs of abuse. Excitingly, these insights from preclinical rodent work are now being translated into the clinic, where transcranial magnetic simulation and deep brain stimulation therapies are being piloted in human cocaine dependence. Thus, this review seeks to summarize current understanding of the major brain regions implicated in drug-related behaviors and the molecular mechanisms that contribute to altered connectivity between these regions, with the postulation that increased knowledge of the plasticity within the drug reward circuit will lead to new and improved treatments for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cooper
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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