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Do AN, Zhao W, Srinivasasainagendra V, Aslibekyan S, Tiwari HK, Limdi N, Shah SJ, Zhi D, Broeckel U, Gu CC, Rao DC, Schwander K, Smith JA, Kardia SL, Arnett DK, Irvin MR. Whole exome analyses to examine the impact of rare variants on left ventricular traits in African American participants from the HyperGEN and GENOA studies. J Hypertens Manag 2017; 3:025. [PMID: 29503979 PMCID: PMC5831560 DOI: 10.23937/2474-3690/1510025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, highest in prevalence among African Americans, is an established risk factor heart failure. Several genome wide association studies have identified common variants associated with LV-related quantitative-traits in African Americans. To date, however, the effect of rare variants on these traits has not been extensively studied, especially in minority groups. We therefore investigated the association between rare variants and LV traits among 1,934 African Americans using exome chip data from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) study, with replication in 1,090 African American from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study. We used single-variant analyses and gene-based tests to investigate the association between 86,927 variants and six structural and functional LV traits including LV mass, LV internal dimension-diastole, relative wall thickness, left atrial dimension (LAD), fractional shortening (FS), and the ratio of LV early-to-late transmitral velocity (E/A ratio). Only rare variants (MAF <1% and <5%) were considered in gene-based analyses. In gene-based analyses, we found a statistically significant association between potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 4 (KCNH4) and E/A ratio (P=8.7*10-8 using a burden test). Endonuclease G (ENDOG) was associated with LAD using the Madsen Browning weighted burden (MB) test (P=1.4*10-7). Neither gene result was replicated in GENOA, but the direction of effect of single variants in common was comparable. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) was marginally associated with LAD in HyperGEN (P=3.2*10-5 using the MB test) and E/A ratio in GENOA, but with opposing directions of association for variants in common (P=0.03 for the MB test). No single variant was statistically significantly associated with any trait after correcting for multiple testing. The findings in this study highlight the potential cumulative contributions of rare variants to LV traits which, if validated, could improve our understanding of heart failure in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N. Do
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hemant K. Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nita Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Uli Broeckel
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - C. Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - DC Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sharon L.R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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de Simone G, Wang W, Best LG, Yeh F, Izzo R, Mancusi C, Roman MJ, Lee ET, Howard BV, Devereux RB. Target organ damage and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Strong Heart Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:64. [PMID: 28499385 PMCID: PMC5427627 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent analyses in a registry of hypertensive patients suggested that preceding left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and/or carotid atherosclerosis are associated with incident type 2 diabetes, independent of confounders. We assess the relation between prevalent cardio-renal target organ damage (TOD) and subsequent incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based study with high prevalence of obesity. Methods We selected 2887 non-diabetic participants from two cohorts of the Strong Heart Study (SHS). Clinical exam, laboratory tests and echocardiograms were performed. Adjudicated TODs were LVH, left atrium (LA) dilatation, and high urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify variables responsible for the association between initial TODs and incident diabetes at 4-year follow-up (FU). Results After 4 years, 297 new cases of diabetes (10%) were identified, 216 of whom exhibited baseline impaired fasting glucose (IFG, 73%, p < 0.0001). Participants developing type 2 diabetes exhibited higher inflammatory markers, fat-free mass and adipose mass and higher prevalence of initial LVH and LA dilatation than those without (both p < 0.04). In multivariable logistic regression, controlling for age, sex, family relatedness, presence of arterial hypertension and IFG, all three indicators of TOD predicted incident diabetes (all p < 0.01). However, the effects of TOD was offset when body fat and inflammatory markers were introduced into the model. Conclusions In this population-based study with high prevalence of obesity, TOD precedes clinical appearance of type 2 diabetes and is related to the preceding metabolic status, body composition and inflammatory status. Trial registration Trial registration number: NCT00005134, Name of registry: Strong Heart Study, URL of registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00005134, Date of registration: May 25, 2000, Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: September 1988
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Simone
- Hypertension Research Center and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, bld 1, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Center for American Indian Health Research, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Epidemiology Department, Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Timber Lake, SD, USA
| | - Fawn Yeh
- Center for American Indian Health Research, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Hypertension Research Center and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, bld 1, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Hypertension Research Center and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, via S. Pansini 5, bld 1, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elisa T Lee
- Center for American Indian Health Research, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Georgetown/Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Studies, Washington, DC, USA
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Mancusi C, Losi MA, Izzo R, Canciello G, Manzi MV, Sforza A, De Luca N, Trimarco B, de Simone G. Effect of diabetes and metabolic syndrome on myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in hypertensive patients. The Campania Salute Network. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:395-399. [PMID: 28032631 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduced myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), estimated as stroke volume/heart rate ratio per g of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), and expressed in μl s-1 g-1 (MEEi), is a strong predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events, independently of LV hypertrophy and other confounders, including type II diabetes (DM). Decreased MEEi is more frequent in patients with diabetes. In the present analysis we evaluated the interrelation among MEEi, DM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the setting of arterial hypertension. Hypertensive patients from the Campania Salute Network, free of prevalent CV disease and with ejection fraction >50% (n=12 503), were analysed. Coexistence of MetS and DM was ordinally categorized into 4 groups: 8235 patients with neither MetS nor DM (MetS-/DM-); 502 without MetS and with DM (MetS-/DM+); 3045 with MetS and without DM (MetS+/DM-); and 721 with MetS and DM (MetS+/DM+). After controlling for sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, relative wall thickness (RWT), antihypertensive medications and type of antidiabetic therapy, MEEi was 333 μl s-1 g-1 in MetS-/DM-, 328 in MetS-/DM+, 326 in MetS+/DM- and 319 in MetS+/DM+ (P for trend <0.0001). In pairwise comparisons (Sidak-adjusted), all conditions, except MetS-/DM+, were significantly different from MetS-/DM- (all P<0.02). No statistical difference was detected between MetS-/DM+ and MetS+/DM-. Both MetS and DM are associated with decreased MEEi in hypertensive patients, independently to each other, but the reduction is statistically less evident for MetS-/DM+. MetS+/DM+ patients have the lowest levels of MEEi, consistent with the alterations of energy supply associated with the combination of insulin resistance with insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mancusi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Losi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - R Izzo
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G Canciello
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M V Manzi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Sforza
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - N De Luca
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G de Simone
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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de Simone G, Mancusi C, Izzo R, Losi MA, Aldo Ferrara L. Obesity and hypertensive heart disease: focus on body composition and sex differences. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:79. [PMID: 27956942 PMCID: PMC5129668 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that hypertension is frequently associated with overweight/obesity even in kids and adolescents. Either conditions influence development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH), through different biological and hemodynamic mechanisms: obesity is conventionally thought to elicit a coherent growth of LV chamber dimensions and myocardial wall thickness (eccentric LV geometry), whereas a more accentuated increase in wall-thickness (concentric LV geometry) is attributed to hypertension. While during youth these differences are visible, proportion of LV concentric geometry, the most harmful LV geometric pattern, sharply raises in obese individuals during middle age, and becomes the most frequent geometric patterns among obese-hypertensive individuals. Two conditions with elevated hemodynamic impact, severe obstructive sleep apnea and masked hypertension contribute to the development of such a geometric pattern, but non-hemodynamic factors, and specifically body composition, also influence prevalence of concentric LV geometry. Contrasting a general belief, it has been observed that adipose mass strongly influences LV mass, particularly in women, especially when fat-free mass is relatively deficient. Thus, though blood pressure control is mandatory for prevention and reduction of LVH in obese hypertensive patients, without reduction of visceral adiposity regression of LVH is difficult. Future researches should be addressed on (1) assessing whether LVH resulting from alteration of body composition carries the same prognosis as pressure overload LVH; (2) defining tissue characterization of the hypertrophic heart in obese-hypertensive patients; (3) evaluating whether assessment of hemodynamic loading conditions and biological markers can help defining management of the association of obesity with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Simone
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, Building 1, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, Building 1, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, Building 1, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Losi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, Building 1, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Aldo Ferrara
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, Building 1, 80131 Naples, Italy
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