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Gao H, Wang Y, Yang J, Qiu M, Lei Z, Zhang W, Jiang W, Xin F, Jiang M. Microbial synthesis of pyrroloquinoline quinone. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:31. [PMID: 38057682 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a peptide-modified natural product. PQQ has important physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and immunity enhancement. However, due to the lack of in-depth understanding of PQQ biosynthesis and regulation, inefficient PQQ production level limits its wide application. Accordingly, there is still an urgent need to develop high-yielding strains for synthesis of PQQ. This paper reviewed the research and development trends on the PQQ biosynthetic pathways, catalytic reaction mechanism of key enzymes, and the selection of high-yielding strains, which also prospects for the future construction of PQQ biosynthetic microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
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Ripoll M, Lerma-Escalera JA, Morones-Ramírez JR, Rios-Solis L, Betancor L. New perspectives into Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2023;:108127. [PMID: 36924811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from other aerobic microorganisms that oxidise carbon sources to water and carbon dioxide, Gluconobacter catalyses the incomplete oxidation of various substrates with regio- and stereoselectivity. This ability, as well as its capacity to release the resulting products into the reaction media, place Gluconobacter as a privileged member of a non-model microorganism class that may boost industrial biotechnology. Knowledge of new technologies applied to Gluconobacter has been piling up in recent years. Advancements in its genetic modification, application of immobilisation tools and careful designs of the transformations, have improved productivities and stabilities of Gluconobacter strains or enabled new bioconversions for the production of valuable marketable chemicals. In this work, the latest advancements applied to Gluconobacter-catalysed biotransformations are summarised with a special focus on recent available tools to improve them. From genetic and metabolic engineering to bioreactor design, the most recent works on the topic are analysed in depth to provide a comprehensive resource not only for scientists and technologists working on/with Gluconobacter, but for the general biotechnologist.
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Ren Y, Yang X, Ding L, Liu D, Tao Y, Huang J, Ke C. Adaptive evolutionary strategy coupled with an optimized biosynthesis process for the efficient production of pyrroloquinoline quinone from methanol. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 36658601 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases, is associated with biological processes such as mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. Due to the extremely high cost of chemical synthesis and low yield of microbial synthesis, the election of effective strains and the development of dynamic fermentation strategies for enhancing PQQ production are meaningful movements to meet the large-scale industrial requirements. RESULTS A high-titer PQQ-producing mutant strain, Hyphomicrobium denitrificans FJNU-A26, was obtained by integrating ARTP (atmospheric and room‑temperature plasma) mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution and high-throughput screening strategies. Afterward, the systematic optimization of the fermentation medium was conducted using a one-factor-at-a-time strategy and response surface methodology to increase the PQQ concentration from 1.02 to 1.37 g/L. The transcriptional analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of genes involved in PQQ biosynthesis were significantly upregulated when the ARTP-ALE-derived mutant was applied. Furthermore, a novel two-stage pH control strategy was introduced to address the inconsistent effects of the pH value on cell growth and PQQ production. These combined strategies led to a 148% increase in the PQQ concentration compared with that of the initial strain FJNU-6, reaching 1.52 g/L with a yield of 40.3 mg/g DCW after 144 h of fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L fermenter. CONCLUSION The characteristics above suggest that FJNU-A26 represents an effective candidate as an industrial PQQ producer, and the integrated strategies can be readily extended to other microorganisms for the large-scale production of PQQ.
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Abstract
The widely distributed, essential redox factor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ, methoxatin) (1) was discovered in the mid-1960s. The breadth and depth of its biological effects are steadily being revealed, and understanding its biosynthesis at the genomic level is a continuing process. In this review, aspects of the chemistry, biology, biosynthesis, and commercial production of 1 at the gene level, and some applications, are presented from discovery through to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Kruyer NS, Sugianto W, Tickman BI, Alba Burbano D, Noireaux V, Carothers JM, Peralta-Yahya P. Membrane Augmented Cell-Free Systems: A New Frontier in Biotechnology. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:670-681. [PMID: 33749249 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are present in a wide array of cellular processes from primary and secondary metabolite synthesis to electron transport and single carbon metabolism. A key barrier to applying membrane proteins industrially is their difficult functional production. Beyond expression, folding, and membrane insertion, membrane protein activity is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the associated membrane, making it difficult to achieve optimal membrane protein performance outside the endogenous host. In this review, we highlight recent work on production of membrane proteins in membrane augmented cell-free systems (CFSs) and applications thereof. CFSs lack membranes and can thus be augmented with user-specified, tunable, mimetic membranes to generate customized environments for production of functional membrane proteins of interest. Membrane augmented CFSs would enable the synthesis of more complex plant secondary metabolites, the growth and division of synthetic cells for drug delivery and cell therapeutic applications, as well as enable green energy applications including methane capture and artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Kruyer
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Widianti Sugianto
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin I. Tickman
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Diego Alba Burbano
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Vincent Noireaux
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James M. Carothers
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute and Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Pamela Peralta-Yahya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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