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Zhou T, Pan J, Wang J, Yu Q, Zhang P, Lai T. Inhibitory Properties of Cinnamon Bark Oil against Postharvest Pathogen Penicillium digitatum In Vitro. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:249. [PMID: 38667920 PMCID: PMC11051492 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a major postharvest pathogen that threatens the global citrus fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, inhibitory properties of cinnamon bark oil (CBO) against P. digitatum in vitro were investigated. Results indicated that 0.03% CBO could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, colonial expansion and conidial accumulation of P. digitatum. The results of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and MitoTraker Orange (MTO) staining also proved the suppression effects of CBO against P. digitatum. Meanwhile, CBO could inhibit green mold rots induced by P. digitatum in citrus fruit when the working concentration of CBO exceeded 0.06%. In addition, the expressions of 12 genes critical for the growth and virulence of P. digitatum were also significantly regulated under CBO stress. Through a transcriptomic analysis, a total of 1802 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in P. digitatum after 4 h and 8 h of CBO treatment. Most of the DEG products were associated with carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism. They directly or indirectly led to the disturbance of the membrane and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results may deepen the understanding of antifungal properties of CBO against P. digitatum and provide the theoretical foundation to uncover the antifungal mechanism of CBO at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tongfei Lai
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; (T.Z.); (J.P.); (Q.Y.); (P.Z.)
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Lai D, Wang D, Shao X, Qin J, Zhuang Q, Xu H, Xiao W. Comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the inhibitory effect of osthole on Penicillium choerospondiatis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 198:105749. [PMID: 38225092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Blue mold induced by Penicillium choerospondiatis is a primary cause of growth and postharvest losses in the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica. There is an urgent need to explore novel and safe fungicides to control this disease. Here, we demonstrated osthole, a natural coumarin compound isolated from Cnidium monnieri, exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on mycelia growth, conidial germination rate and germ tube length of P. choerospondiatis, and effectively suppressed the blue mold development in postharvest fruit of P. emblica. The median effective concentration of osthole was 9.86 mg/L. Osthole treatment resulted in cellular structural disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and induced autophagic vacuoles containing cytoplasmic components in fungal cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that osthole treatment led to the differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in the cell wall synthesis, TCA cycle, glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, osthole treatment led to increase genes expression involved in peroxisome, autophagy and endocytosis. Particularly, the autophagy pathway related genes (PcATG1, PcATG3, PcATG15, PcATG27, PcYPT7 and PcSEC18) were prominently up-regulated by osthole. Summarily, these results revealed the potential antifungal mechanism of osthole against P. choerospondiatis. Osthole has potentials to develop as a natural antifungal agent for controlling blue mold disease in postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lai
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Delin Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qin
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan M, Liang X, Cao D, Wu H, Xiao S, Liang H, Li H, Huang Y, Wei H, Peng W, Fu X. Dictamnine suppresses the development of pear ring rot induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea infection by disrupting the chitin biosynthesis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 195:105534. [PMID: 37666587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Ring rot induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea is a major cause of growth and postharvest losses in various fruits. There is an urgent need to develop green fungicides due to pesticide resistance and environmental pressure. Here, we demonstrated the efficacy of dictamnine (DIC, 4-methoxyfuro [2,3-β] quinoline, purity 98%), a compound isolated from the stems and leaves of Clausena lansium, in effectively suppressing pear ring rot by inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. dothidea. The median effective concentration of DIC was 15.48 μg/mL. Application of DIC to B. dothidea resulted in structural disruption of the cell wall and plasma membrane, leading to mycelial deformation, breakage, and cell death. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant inhibition of the synthetic pathways for fungal cell wall and membrane components by DIC. Particularly, the expression of chitin synthase, a key enzyme of chitin synthesis, was prominently down-regulated. Moreover, the chitin content in DIC-treated B. dothidea mycelia exhibited a substantial dose-dependent reduction. Based on these results, it is promising to develop DIC as an antifungal pesticide for controlling ring rot disease in pear fruits. Our study provides new insights into the underlying mechanism through which DIC inhibits the mycelial growth of B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Yuan
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaogui Liang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Duantao Cao
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Suling Xiao
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hui Liang
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hang Li
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyi Wei
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenwen Peng
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Fu
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Botanical Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tuberous Plant Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Guo L, Mao X, Li Y, Zhou Z. Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs)-loaded citral nanoemulsion controls green mold in citrus by damaging the cell membrane of Penicillium digitatum. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:854-864. [PMID: 36746557 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Citrus is susceptible to Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum) infection in post-harvest storage, resulting in enormous economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of the combination of Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and citral (two natural antifungal components derived from citrus) against P. digitatum in vitro and citrus fruit. The results show that PMFs can enhance the antifungal activity of citral nanoemulsion, and PMFs-loaded citral nanoemulsion (PCT) has significant antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. PCT can evidently inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro, and effectively control the growth of green mold on postharvest citrus fruit. Furthermore, PCT treatment resulted in the alteration of mycelia morphology, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid peroxidation. These changes can disrupt the normal structure and function of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the reduction of total lipid and ergosterol content in the mycelia and the stronger red fluorescence of the cells emitted after PI staining. Based on the above results, we infer that PCT has a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum, and its potential mechanism is related to the destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, PCT can be considered as a botanical fungicide for citrus preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxue Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Chen C, Peng X, Wan C, Zhang Y, Gan Z, Zeng J, Kai W, Chen J. Lignin Biosynthesis Pathway and Redox Balance Act Synergistically in Conferring Resistance against Penicillium italicum Infection in 7-Demethoxytylophorine-Treated Navel Orange. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:8111-8123. [PMID: 35730981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
7-Demethoxytylophorine (DEM), a natural water-soluble phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, has a great potential for in vitro suppression of Penicillium italicum growth. In the present study, we investigated the ability of DEM to confer resistance against P. italicum in harvested "Newhall" navel orange and the underlying mechanism. Results from the in vivo experiment showed that DEM treatment delayed blue mold development. The water-soaked lesion diameter in 40 mg L-1 DEM-treated fruit was 35.2% lower than that in the control after 96 h. Moreover, the decrease in peel firmness loss and increase in electrolyte leakage, superoxide anion (O2•-) production, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly inhibited by DEM treatment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst in DEM-treated fruit at the early stage of P. italicum infection contributed to the conferred resistance by increasing the activities of lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes, along with the expressions of their encoding genes, resulting in lignin accumulation. The DEM-treated fruit maintained an elevated antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by high levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione content, and enhanced or upregulated the activities and gene expression levels of APX, GR, MDHAR, DHAR, GPX, and GST, thereby maintaining ROS homeostasis and reducing postharvest blue mold. Collectively, the results in the present study revealed a control mechanism in which DEM treatment conferred the resistance against P. italicum infection in harvested "Newhall" navel orange fruit by activating lignin biosynthesis and maintaining the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiaoke Zeng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Huang Q, Chen J. Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:3140-3149. [PMID: 34791654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phomopsis stem-end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem-end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS Results indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L-1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem-end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2 •- ) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR-treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water-soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri-inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling-enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up-regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit. CONCLUSION The disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, 337055, P. R. China
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Chen X, Li W, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Duan X, Lei B, Huang R. Transcriptomics Integrated with Metabolomics Reveals 2-Methoxy-1, 4-Naphthoquinone-Based Carbon Dots Induced Molecular Shifts in Penicillium italicum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:420. [PMID: 35628676 PMCID: PMC9145997 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium italicum (P. italicum), a citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that greatly affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruits with significant economic loss. Our previous research showed that 2-methoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) inhibited the growth of Penicillium italicum. However, the water dispersibility of MNQ will limit its further application. Herein, we synthesized MNQ-based carbon dots (2−CDs) with better water dispersibility, which showed a potential inhibitory effect on P. italicum (MIC = 2.8 μg/mL) better than that of MNQ (MIC = 5.0 μg/mL). Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals a total of 601 differentially enriched genes and 270 differentially accumulated metabolites that are co-mapped as disruptive activity on the cell cytoskeleton, glycolysis, and histone methylation. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed normal appearances and intracellular septum of P. italicum after treatment. These findings contribute tofurther understanding of the possible molecular action of 2−CDs.
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Ferreira NS, Cascaes MM, da Silva Santos L, de Oliveira MS, das Graças Bichara Zoghbi M, Araújo IS, Uetanabaro APT, de Aguiar Andrade EH, Guilhon GMSP. Flavanone Glycosides, Triterpenes, Volatile Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Miconia minutiflora (Bonpl.) DC. (Melastomataceae). Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35335366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts and the antimicrobial activity of Miconia minutiflora were investigated. The flavanone glycosides, pinocembroside and pinocembrin-7-O-[4″,6″-HHDP]-β-D-glucose, were identified, along with other compounds that belong mainly to the triterpene class, besides the phenolics, gallic acid and methyl gallate. Sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were the major compounds identified from the essential oils. Screening for antimicrobial activity from the methanolic extract of the leaves showed that the MIC and MMC values against the tested microorganisms ranged from 0.625 to 5 mg·mL−1 and that the extract was active against microorganisms, Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus.
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Kai W, Chen J. Carvacrol delays Phomopsis stem-end rot development in pummelo fruit in relation to maintaining energy status and antioxidant system. Food Chem 2022; 372:131239. [PMID: 34627096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pummelo fruit rapidly depreciate in commodity value due to postharvest fungal decay and fruit quality deterioration. Here, we used carvacrol (CVR) to control Phomopsis stem-end rot (SER) caused by Diaporthe citri in pummelo fruit stored at 25 °C. Antifungal activity of CVR inhibited D. citri growth and Phomopsis SER development. Harvested pummelo fruit treated with CVR delayed firmness loss and lowered electrolyte leakage, and retarded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Unlike the control fruit, the CVR-treated fruit maintained higher levels of adenosine triphosphate and energy charge, and increased ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activities, along with up-regulated expression levels of the respective genes. CVR improved the antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by higher non-enzymatic antioxidants amounts, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and up-regulated expression levels of ROS-scavenging-related genes. Collectively, CVR treatment maintained the energy status and antioxidant capacity in D. citri-infected pummelo fruit, which revealed antifungal mechanisms critical for controlling postharvest fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, PR China
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Cruz JMDA, Corrêa RF, Lamarão CV, Kinupp VF, Sanches EA, Campelo PH, Bezerra JDA. Ficus spp. fruits: Bioactive compounds and chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li Y, Xia M, He P, Yang Q, Wu Y, He P, Ahmed A, Li X, Wang Y, Munir S, He Y. Developing Penicillium digitatum Management Strategies on Post-Harvest Citrus Fruits with Metabolic Components and Colonization of Bacillus subtilis L1-21. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:80. [PMID: 35050020 PMCID: PMC8777893 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is among the most important plants in the fruit industry severely infected with pathogens. Citrus green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most devastating diseases during post-harvest stages of citrus fruit. In this study, a potential endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21, isolated from healthy citrus plants, was assessed for its biocontrol activity against the pathogen P. digitatum. Based on an in vitro crosstalk assay, we suggested that B. subtilis L1-21 inhibits the pathogen with an inhibition zone of 3.51 ± 0.08 cm. Biocontrol efficacy was highest for the fermented culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21. Additionally, using GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were detected in the extract of this endophyte. The culture filtrate in Landy medium could enlarge and deform pathogen spores and prevent them from developing into normal mycelium. Accordingly, the Landy culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21 was stable in the temperature range of 4-90 °C and pH of 3-11. Further, MALDI-TOF-MS for B. subtilis L1-21 detected surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene and bacilysin as potential antifungal compounds. GFP-tagged B. subtilis L1-21 easily colonized in citrus fruit peel and pulp, suggesting its role in eliminating the fungal pathogen. Altogether, it is highly expected that the production of antifungal compounds, and the colonization potential of B. subtilis L1-21 are required against the post-harvest P. digitatum pathogen on citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Qiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangsong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
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Cai N, Wan C, Chen J, Chen C. Evaluation of postharvest storability of Ponkan mandarins stored at different temperatures. Folia Horticulturae 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effects of storage temperature on postharvest storability, quality attributes and antioxidant enzyme activities of harvested Ponkan mandarins were investigated. Fresh fruits were randomly divided into four groups and stored at different temperatures [5 ± 1 °C (S5), 10 ± 1 °C (S10), 15 ± 1 °C (S15), and 20 ± 1 °C (S20 or control)] for 120 days. The results indicated that, compared with the control fruit, low-temperature storage at 10 °C significantly delayed the increase in fruit decay rate, weight loss, citrus colour index, respiration intensity, relative electrical conductivity, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, retarded the decline in L* value, retained high contents of total soluble solid, titratable acid, vitamin C, total phenol and total flavonoid, as well as higher activities of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase. The principal component analysis results showed that low-temperature storage significantly maintained the postharvest quality of Ponkan mandarins, with fruit stored at 10 °C having no significant difference from the fruit stored at 5 °C, but markedly higher than those fruit stored at 15 °C. The comprehensive result of single-factor analysis and PCA showed that 10 °C could be used as the optimum storage temperature for improving the postharvest storability of Ponkan mandarins.
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13
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Zhang J, He L, Guo C, Liu Z, Kaliaperumal K, Zhong B, Jiang Y. Evaluation of Aspergillus aculeatus GC-09 for the biological control of citrus blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fadda A, Sarais G, Lai C, Sale L, Mulas M. Control of postharvest diseases caused by Penicillium spp. with myrtle leaf phenolic extracts: in vitro and in vivo study on mandarin fruit during storage. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4229-4240. [PMID: 33426638 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the postharvest handling of horticultural commodities, plant extracts with fungicidal activity are a valid alternative to synthetic fungicides. The fungicidal activity of myrtle leaf extracts from eight cultivars was studied in vitro against Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum, and Penicillium expansum and on artificially inoculated mandarins with green and blue molds during storage for 12 days at 20 °C and 90% RH. RESULTS Hydroxybenzoic acids, hydrolysable tannins, and flavonols were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Despite sharing the same phenolic profile, extracts of eight myrtle cultivars significantly differed in the concentration of phenolics. Hydrolysable tannins are the principal subclass representing nearly 44.9% of the total polyphenols, whereas myricitrin was the most abundant flavonol in all cultivars. Myrtle extracts strongly inhibited conidial germination of the pathogens tested, although the greatest efficacy was observed against P. digitatum. At a concentration of 20 g L-1 , all the extracts completely inhibited fungi growth; only 'Angela', 'Tonina' and 'Grazia' extracts were effective at lower concentrations (15 g L-1 ). On inoculated fruit, myrtle extracts significantly controlled rot development. As a preventive treatment, 'Ilaria' and 'Maria Rita' extracts significantly reduced the rate of fruit with green mold decay lesions. When applied as a curative treatment, all the exacts decreased the incidence of decay. Against P. italicum, all the extracts applied as preventive treatments controlled decay effectively, while as curative treatment some of the extracts were not effective. All the extracts reduced the size of the infected areas. CONCLUSION The results propose myrtle extracts as a possible natural alternative to synthetic fungicides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fadda
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sarais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luana Sale
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mulas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Centre for Conservation and Evaluation of Plant Biodiversity, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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15
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Chen C, Huang Q, Chen J, Rengasamy KR, Wan C. Extraction optimization of antifungal compounds from Thalictrum foliolosum DC. roots. South African Journal of Botany 2021; 138:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li Y, Zhao R, Li Y, Zhou Z. Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests. Microorganisms 2021; 9:969. [PMID: 33946160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions against P. italicum was evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of the P. italicum cell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity against P. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.
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17
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Elsherbiny EA, Dawood DH, Safwat NA. Antifungal action and induction of resistance by β-aminobutyric acid against Penicillium digitatum to control green mold in orange fruit. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 171:104721. [PMID: 33357543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is the most economically important postharvest disease of orange fruit worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) treatment on the inhibition of P. digitatum both in orange fruit and in vitro as well as the possible mechanisms of action. BABA at 125 mM significantly inhibited mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of P. digitatum by 93.3, 90.3, and 90.5%, respectively. The relative electrical conductivity of mycelium was increased for a period of 0-36 h after treated with BABA at 125 mM. Furthermore, BABA caused a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in P. digitatum mycelia during four days of incubation. The ergosterol content in the plasma membrane of P. digitatum was significantly lower in BABA-treated mycelia. Also, protein and sugar leakage were increased with BABA treatment compared with that in the control. Besides, BABA caused a considerable reduction in the total lipid content of P. digitatum mycelia at 125 mM. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of P. digitatum treated with BABA at 125 mM showed shrunken, distorted, and collapsed mycelia. The application of BABA at 125 mM in orange fruit inoculated with P. digitatum suppressed disease incidence and disease severity by 74.6 and 77.3%, respectively, compared to untreated fruit. Moreover, the activity of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were significantly enhanced in the orange fruit treated with BABA at 125 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsherbiny A Elsherbiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Safwat
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Shen Y, Chen C, Cai N, Yang R, Chen J, Kahramanoǧlu İ, Okatan V, Rengasamy KRR, Wan C. The Antifungal Activity of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Leaves Extract Against Penicillium digitatum. Front Nutr 2021; 8:663584. [PMID: 34490318 PMCID: PMC8417588 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.663584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the antifungal activity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl) leaf extract (LLE) against the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum). The LLE exhibited an antifungal activity against P. digitatum, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.625 mg/ml and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 1.25 mg/ml. Significant inhibitory effects of LLE on mycelial growth and spore germination of P. digitatum were seen in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneously, to investigate possible antifungal mechanisms by LLE, we analyzed their influence on morphological changes, cell membrane permeability, cell wall and cell membrane integrity, and adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, and AMP) levels. Alterations, such as sunken surface and malformation, occurred in the LLE-treated P. digitatum spores. Furthermore, intracellular inclusion content decreased after LLE treatment, indicating an increase in cell membrane permeability. Besides, the LLE treatment induced a significant decline in the level of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with a noticeable addition of extracellular ATP, ADP, and AMP during the entire treatment period. Overall, the results manifested that the antifungal activity of LLE against P. digitatum can be attributed to the derangement of cell membrane permeability and disordered energy metabolism. This is the first report on the mechanism of antifungal activity of LLE and could be useful in the development of targeted fungicides from natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Nan Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruopeng Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinyin Chen
| | - İbrahim Kahramanoǧlu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Turkey
| | - Volkan Okatan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Mankweng, South Africa
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits, Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Chunpeng Wan
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Bhatta UK. Alternative Management Approaches of Citrus Diseases Caused by Penicillium digitatum (Green Mold) and Penicillium italicum (Blue Mold). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:833328. [PMID: 35273621 PMCID: PMC8904086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.833328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (Penicillium italicum) are among the most economically impactful post-harvest diseases of citrus fruit worldwide. Post-harvest citrus diseases are largely controlled with synthetic fungicides such as pyrimethanil, imazalil, fludioxonil, and thiabendazole. Due to their toxic effects, prolonged and excessive application of these fungicides is gradually restricted in favor of safe and more eco-friendly alternatives. This review comprehensively describes alternative methods for the control of P. digitatum and P. italicum: (a) antagonistic micro-organisms, (b) plant extracts and essential oils, (c) biofungicides, (d) chitosan and chitosan-based citrus coatings, (e) heat treatments, (f) ionizing and non-ionizing irradiations, (g) food additives, and (h) synthetic elicitors. Integrating multiple approaches such as the application of biocontrol agents with food additives or heat treatments have overcome some drawbacks to single treatments. In addition, integrating treatment approaches could produce an additive or synergistic effect on controlling both molds for a satisfactory level of disease reduction in post-harvest citrus. Further research is warranted on plant resistance and fruit-pathogen interactions to develop safer strategies for the sustainable control of P. digitatum and P. italicum in citrus.
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20
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Kanashiro AM, Akiyama DY, Kupper KC, Fill TP. Penicillium italicum: An Underexplored Postharvest Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:606852. [PMID: 33343551 PMCID: PMC7746842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.606852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the agricultural sector, citrus is one of the most important fruit genus in the world. In this scenario, Brazil is the largest producer of oranges; 34% of the global production, and exporter of concentrated orange juice; 76% of the juice consumed in the planet, summing up US$ 6.5 billion to Brazilian GDP. However, the orange production has been considerable decreasing due to unfavorable weather conditions in recent years and the increasing number of pathogen infections. One of the main citrus post-harvest phytopathogen is Penicillium italicum, responsible for the blue mold disease, which is currently controlled by pesticides, such as Imazalil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, and Tiabendazole, which are toxic chemicals harmful to the environment and also to human health. In addition, P. italicum has developed considerable resistance to these chemicals as a result of widespread applications. To address this growing problem, the search for new control methods of citrus post-harvest phytopathogens is being extensively explored, resulting in promising new approaches such as biocontrol methods as “killer” yeasts, application of essential oils, and antimicrobial volatile substances. The alternative methodologies to control P. italicum are reviewed here, as well as the fungal virulence factors and infection strategies. Therefore, this review will focus on a general overview of recent research carried out regarding the phytopathological interaction of P. italicum and its citrus host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cristina Kupper
- Advanced Citrus Research Center, Sylvio Moreira/Campinas Agronomic Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Chen C, Guo J, Kahramanoǧlu İ, Wan C, Gan Z, Chen J. Biocontrol Bacterium Paenibacillus brasilensis YS-1 Fermented Broth Enhances the Quality Attributes and Storability of Harvested “Newhall” Navel Oranges. ACS Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Juanhua Guo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
- Cash Crop Station, Ji’an Agricultural Bureau, Ji’an 343000, P. R. China
| | - İbrahim Kahramanoǧlu
- European University of Lefke, Gemikonagi, Northern Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, P. R. China
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22
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Lin SH, Luo P, Yuan E, Zhu X, Zhang B, Wu X. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Penicillium digitatum in Response to X33 Antifungal Extract Treatment. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584331. [PMID: 33240238 PMCID: PMC7677231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum is a widespread pathogen among Rutaceae species that causes severe fruit decay symptoms on infected citrus fruit (known as citrus green mold). The employment of fungicides can effectively control the citrus green mold, significantly reducing agricultural economic loss. In this study, we found that the X33 antifungal extract produced by Streptomyces lavendulae strain X33 inhibited the hyphae polarization of P. digitatum. Additionally, physiological and proteomic analysis strategies were applied to explore the inhibitory mechanism of the X33 antifungal extract of the S. lavendulae strain X33 on the mycelial growth of P. digitatum. A total of 277 differentially expressed proteins, consisting of 207 upregulated and 70 downregulated, were identified from the comparative proteomics analysis. The results indicated that the X33 antifungal extract induced mitochondrial membrane dysfunction and cellular integrity impairment, which can affect energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and transmembrane transport. The improved alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular conductivity, increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents, and inhibition of energy, amino acid, and sugar metabolism indicated that the oxidative stress of P. digitatum is induced by the X33 antifungal extract. These findings provided insight into the antifungal mechanism of the X33 antifungal extract against P. digitatum by suggesting that it may be an effective fungicide for controlling citrus postharvest green mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Lin
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Pan Luo
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - En Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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Gan Z, Huang J, Chen J, Nisar MF, Qi W, Rengasamy KRR. Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives against Penicillium digitatum Causing Citrus Green Mold. J FOOD QUALITY 2020; 2020:1-7. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8898692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum (green mold) is pathogenic fungi and causes citrus fruit postharvest rotting that leads to huge economic losses across the world. The current study was aimed to develop a new derivative of cinnamaldehyde (4-methoxycinnamaldehyde) through the cross-hydroxyaldehyde condensation method with benzaldehyde substituted by a benzene ring under the catalysis of alkaline reagent and, moreover, to test their antifungal potential against P. digitatum, the major citrus fruit rotting fungi. Multiple derivatives of cinnamaldehyde viz. 4-nitro CA, 4-chloro CA, 4-bromo CA, 4-methyl CA, 4-methoxy CA, and 2,4-dimethoxy CA were synthesized in the current study whereas the 4-methoxy CA showed highest antifungal actions for citrus fruit postharvest rotting fungi P. digitatum. Moreover, 4-methoxy CA was found to reduce the spore germination and growth by damaging the fungal cell membrane, as well as declined the levels of reducing sugars.
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Cai N, Chen C, Wan C, Chen J. Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spray on endogenous hormones and fruit quality of kumquat (Citrus japonica) fruits. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2020.1806084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, People’s Republic of China
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Chen C, Wan C, Guo J, Chen J. Paenibacillus brasilensis YS-1: A Potential Biocontrol Agent to Retard Xinyu Tangerine Senescence. Agriculture 2020; 10:330. [DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Xinyu tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a non-climacteric fruit that is widely cultivated and consumed in China but highly susceptible to fungal infections. Antagonistic microorganisms can control postharvest diseases and extend the storage life of citrus fruits. However, little work has been done to investigate the effects of applying Paenibacillus brasilensis YS-1 by immersion to enhance the cold storability of Xinyu tangerines. Fruits were soaked with P. brasilensis YS-1 fermented filtrates for 10 min and in sterile water as the control. The decay incidence, weight loss, nutrient content, respiration rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and defensive enzymes activities in citrus fruit were measured during cold storage at 5 ± 0.5 °C. The results showed that P. brasilensis YS-1 treatment significantly reduced postharvest decay and effectively maintained the nutritional quality compared to the control under cold storage. The weight loss, respiration rate, and MDA content were lower in P. brasilensis YS-1-treated fruits than the control fruits, indicating that P. brasilensis YS-1 treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalnine ammonia-lyase (PAL). According to the results, a postharvest application of P. brasilensis YS-1 can control the postharvest decay and maintain fruit quality, as well as increase the defensive enzyme activity, so as to achieve the purpose of retarding postharvest senescence in citrus fruit.
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Chen C, Chen J, Wan C. Pinocembrin-7-Glucoside (P7G) Reduced Postharvest Blue Mold of Navel Orange by Suppressing Penicillium italicum Growth. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E536. [PMID: 32276525 PMCID: PMC7232162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the in vitro and in vivo antifungal potential of pinocembrin-7-glucoside (P7G). P7G is an antifungal flavanone glycoside isolated from Ficus hirta Vahl. fruit against Penicillium italicum, a causative pathogen of blue mold disease in citrus fruit, and this study elucidates its possible action mechanism. P7G had a prominent mycelial growth inhibitory activity against P. italicum, with an observed half maximal effective concentration, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 0.08, 0.2, and 0.8 g/L, respectively. The data from the in vivo test show that P7G significantly reduced blue mold symptoms and disease development of P. italicum in artificially inoculated "Newhall" navel orange. Compared to the control, increases in the cell membrane permeability of P. italicum supernatant and decreases in the intracellular constituent (e.g., soluble protein, reducing sugar, and total lipid) contents of P. italicum mycelia were identified, supporting scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations. Furthermore, a marked decline in both chitin and glucanase contents of P. italicum mycelia treated with P7G was induced by increasing its related degrading enzyme activities, suggesting that the cell wall structure was destroyed. The current study indicated that P7G may be a novel alternative for reducing blue mold by suppressing mycelial growth of P. italicum via a cell membrane/wall-targeting mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables/Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruit and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
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