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Wang R, Rao S, Zhong Z, Xiao K, Chen X, Sun X. Emerging role of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy: a review. J Drug Target 2024; 32:393-403. [PMID: 38385350 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2316775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes and the primary cause of blindness among working age adults globally. The development of DR is accompanied by oxidative stress, characterised by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a compromised antioxidant system. Clinical interventions aimed at mitigating oxidative stress through ROS scavenging or elimination are currently available. Nevertheless, these treatments merely provide limited management over the advanced stage of the illness. Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of cell death induced by oxidative stress, which is characterised by irondependent phospholipid peroxidation. PURPOSE This review aims to synthesise recent experimental evidence to examine the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological processes of DR, as well as to explicate the regulatory pathways governing oxidative stress and ferroptosis in retina. METHODS We systematically reviewed literature available up to 2023. RESULTS This review included 12 studies investigating the involvement of ferroptosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Suyun Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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Macura IJ, Djuricic I, Major T, Milanovic D, Sobajic S, Kanazir S, Ivkovic S. The supplementation of a high dose of fish oil during pregnancy and lactation led to an elevation in Mfsd2a expression without any changes in docosahexaenoic acid levels in the retina of healthy 2-month-old mouse offspring. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1330414. [PMID: 38328686 PMCID: PMC10847253 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1330414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During fetal development, the proper development of neural and visual systems relies on the maternal supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids through placental transfer. Pregnant women are strongly advised to augment their diet with additional sources of omega-3, such as fish oil (FO). This supplementation has been linked to a reduced risk of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, and perinatal depression. Recently, higher doses of omega-3 supplementation have been recommended for pregnant women. Considering that omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate homeostasis required for the proper functioning of the retina and photoreceptors the effects of high-dose fish oil (FO) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) in healthy offspring warrant better understanding. Methods The fatty acid content and the changes in the expression of the genes regulating cholesterol homeostasis and DHA transport in the retina and RPE were evaluated following the high-dose FO supplementation. Results Our study demonstrated that despite the high-dose FO treatment during pregnancy and lactation, the rigorous DHA homeostasis in the retina and RPE of the two-month-old offspring remained balanced. Another significant finding of this study is the increase in the expression levels of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein (Mfsd2a), a primary DHA transporter. Mfsd2a also serves as a major regulator of transcytosis during development, and a reduction in Mfsd2a levels poses a major risk for the development of leaky blood vessels. Conclusion Impairment of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is associated with the development of numerous ocular diseases, and a better understanding of how to manipulate transcytosis in the BRB during development can enhance drug delivery through the BRB or contribute to the repair of central nervous system (CNS) barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Jovanovic Macura
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Djuricic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Major
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Desanka Milanovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Selma Kanazir
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Vinca Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yuan W, Qiu ZM, Li H, Huang M, Yuan JJ, Niu SL, Chen Q, Yang QW, Ouyang Q. Investigation of the Binding Interaction of Mfsd2a with NEDD4-2 via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:382-393. [PMID: 38155530 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) is a sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine cotransporter that plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and neurological function. Abnormal degradation of Mfsd2a often leads to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, while upregulation of Mfsd2a can retrieve neurological damage. It has been reported that Mfsd2a can be specifically recognized and ubiquitinated by neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4 type 2 (NEDD4-2) ubiquitin ligase and finally degraded through the proteasome pathway. However, the structural basis for the specific binding of Mfsd2a to NEDD4-2 is unclear. In this work, we combined deep learning and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain a Mfsd2a structure with high quality and a stable Mfsd2a/NEDD4-2-WW3 interaction model. Moreover, molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) methods coupled with per-residue energy decomposition studies were carried out to analyze the key residues that dominate the binding interaction. Based on these results, we designed three peptides containing the key residues by truncating the Mfsd2a sequences. One of them was found to significantly inhibit Mfsd2a ubiquitination, which was further validated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in a human microvascular endothelial cell line. This work provides some new insights into the understanding of Mfsd2a and NEDD4-2 interaction and might promote further development of drugs targeting Mfsd2a ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mouxin Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Sheng-Li Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Lu C, Lan Q, Song Q, Yu X. Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related genes for diabetic retinopathy. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110955. [PMID: 38084838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, and ferroptosis may be an essential component of the pathological process of DR. In this study, we aimed to screen five hub genes (TLR4, CAV1, HMOX1, TP53, and IL-1B) using bioinformatics analysis and experimentally verify their expression and effects on ferroptosis and cell function. The online Gene Expression Omnibus microarray expression profiling datasets GSE60436 and GSE1025485 were selected for investigation. Ferroptosis-related genes that might be differentially expressed in DR were identified. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were conducted to characterize the differentially-expressed ferroptosis-related genes. After tissue-specific analyses and external dataset validation of hub genes, the mRNA and protein levels of hub genes in retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) symbiotic with high glucose were verified using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Finally, hub genes were knocked down using siRNA, and changes in ferroptosis and cell function were observed. Based on the differential expression analysis, 19 ferroptosis-related genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ferroptosis-related genes were significantly enriched in reactive oxygen species metabolic processes, necrotic cell death, hypoxia responses, iron ion responses, positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, ferroptosis, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis. Subsequently, PPI network analysis and critical module construction were used to identify five hub genes. Based on bioinformatics analysis of mRNA microarrays, qRT-PCR confirmed higher mRNA expression of five genes in the DR model, and immunocytochemistry confirmed their higher protein expression. Finally, siRNA interference was used to verify the effects of five genes on ferroptosis and cell function. Based on bioinformatics analysis, five potential genes related to ferroptosis were identified, and their upregulation may affect the onset or progression of DR. This study sheds new light on the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qingxia Lan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Ophthalmic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Jovanovic Macura I, Zivanovic A, Perovic M, Ciric J, Major T, Kanazir S, Ivkovic S. The Expression of Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain-Containing Protein2a (Mfsd2a) and Aquaporin 4 Is Altered in the Retinas of a 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14092. [PMID: 37762391 PMCID: PMC10531902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in the blood vessels and is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The increased accumulation of Aβ is also present in the retinal blood vessels and a significant correlation between retinal and brain amyloid deposition was demonstrated in living patients and animal AD models. The Aβ accumulation in the retinal blood vessels can be the result of impaired transcytosis and/or the dysfunctional ocular glymphatic system in AD and during aging. We analyzed the changes in the mRNA and protein expression of major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein2a (Mfsd2a), the major regulator of transcytosis, and of Aquaporin4 (Aqp4), the key player implicated in the functioning of the glymphatic system, in the retinas of 4- and 12-month-old WT and 5xFAD female mice. A strong decrease in the Mfsd2a mRNA and protein expression was observed in the 4 M and 12 M 5xFAD and 12 M WT retinas. The increase in the expression of srebp1-c could be at least partially responsible for the Mfsd2a decrease in the 4 M 5xFAD retinas. The decrease in the pericyte (CD13+) coverage of retinal blood vessels in the 4 M and 12 M 5xFAD retinas and in the 12 M WT retinas suggests that pericyte loss could be associated with the Mfsd2a downregulation in these experimental groups. The observed increase in Aqp4 expression in 4 M and 12 M 5xFAD and 12 M WT retinas accompanied by the decreased perivascular Aqp4 expression is indicative of the impaired glymphatic system. The findings in this study reveal the impaired Mfsd2a and Aqp4 expression and Aqp4 perivascular mislocalization in retinal blood vessels during physiological (WT) and pathological (5xFAD) aging, indicating their importance as putative targets for the development of new treatments that can improve the regulation of transcytosis or the function of the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Jovanovic Macura
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.M.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Ana Zivanovic
- Vinca—Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milka Perovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.M.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Jelena Ciric
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.M.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Tamara Major
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.M.); (M.P.); (J.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Sanja Ivkovic
- Vinca—Institute for Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Sugasini D, Park JC, McAnany JJ, Kim TH, Ma G, Yao X, Antharavally B, Oroskar A, Oroskar AA, Layden BT, Subbaiah PV. Improvement of retinal function in Alzheimer disease-associated retinopathy by dietary lysophosphatidylcholine-EPA/DHA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9179. [PMID: 37280266 PMCID: PMC10244360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although impaired cognition and memory are the most prominent features of AD, abnormalities in visual functions often precede them, and are increasingly being used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for the disease. Retina contains the highest concentration of the essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the body, and its deficiency is associated with several retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enriching retinal DHA through a novel dietary approach could ameliorate symptoms of retinopathy in 5XFAD mice, a widely employed model of AD. The results show that 5XFAD mice have significantly lower retinal DHA compared to their wild type littermates, and feeding the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) form of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rapidly normalizes the DHA levels, and increases retinal EPA by several-fold. On the other hand, feeding similar amounts of DHA and EPA in the form of triacylglycerol had only modest effects on retinal DHA and EPA. Electroretinography measurements after 2 months of feeding the experimental diets showed a significant improvement in a-wave and b-wave functions by the LPC-diet, whereas the TAG-diet had only a modest benefit. Retinal amyloid β levels were decreased by about 50% by the LPC-DHA/EPA diet, and by about 17% with the TAG-DHA/EPA diet. These results show that enriching retinal DHA and EPA through dietary LPC could potentially improve visual abnormalities associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Guangying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Anil Oroskar
- Orochem Technologies, Inc, Naperville, IL, 60563, USA
| | | | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Meng Z, Liao Y, Peng Z, Zhou X, Zhou H, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Deoxynivalenol-Induced Mice Liver Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030588. [PMID: 36978835 PMCID: PMC10045494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a kind of Fusarium toxin that can cause a variety of toxic effects. DON is mainly metabolized and detoxified by the liver. When the concentration of DON exceeds the metabolic capacity of the liver, it will trigger acute or chronic damage to the liver tissue. Previous studies demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem-cell-secreted exosomes (BMSC-exos) reduce liver injury. Therefore, we issue a hypothesis that in vitro-cultured rat BMSC-secreted exos could ameliorate liver damage after 2 mg/kg bw/day of DON exposure. In total, 144 lipids were identified in BMEC-exos, including high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. BMSC-exos treatment alleviated liver pathological changes and decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lipid peroxidation. Otherwise, low or high BMSC-exos treatment obviously changes DON-induced hepatic oxylipin patterns. According to the results from our correlation network analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis, the top 10% oxidized lipids can be classified into two categories: one that was positively correlated with copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) and another that was positively correlated with liver injury indicators. Altogether, BMSC-exos administration maintained normal liver function and reduced oxidative damage in liver tissue. Moreover, it could also significantly change the oxylipin profiles under DON conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-83650522
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Jovanovic Macura I, Djuricic I, Major T, Milanovic D, Brkic M, Sobajic S, Kanazir S, Ivkovic S. The high-dose fish oil supplementation increased Mfsd2a expression without altering DHA levels in the retina of healthy mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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