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Buziashvili A, Yemets A. Lactoferrin and its role in biotechnological strategies for plant defense against pathogens. Transgenic Res 2022; 32:1-16. [PMID: 36534334 PMCID: PMC9761627 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-022-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural crops are susceptible to many diseases caused by various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. This paper reviews the general principles of plant protection against pathogens, as well as the role of iron and antimicrobial peptide metabolism in plant immunity. The article highlights the principles of antibacterial, fungicidal and antiviral action of lactoferrin, a mammalian secretory glycoprotein, and lactoferrin peptides, and their role in protecting plants from phytopathogens. This review offers a comprehensive analysis and shows potential prospects of using the lactoferrin gene to enhance plant resistance to various phytopathogens, as well as the advantages of this biotechnological approach over existing methods of protecting plants against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Buziashvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidy-Vyshnevetskogo Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
| | - Alla Yemets
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidy-Vyshnevetskogo Str., 2a, Kyiv, 04123 Ukraine
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Perchepied L, Chevreau E, Ravon E, Gaillard S, Pelletier S, Bahut M, Berthelot P, Cournol R, Schouten HJ, Vergne E. Successful intergeneric transfer of a major apple scab resistance gene (Rvi6) from apple to pear and precise comparison of the downstream molecular mechanisms of this resistance in both species. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:843. [PMID: 34802418 PMCID: PMC8607633 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scab is the most important fungal disease of apple and pear. Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and European pear (Pyrus communis L.) are genetically related but they are hosts of two different fungal species: Venturia inaequalis for apple and V. pyrina for European pear. The apple/V. inaequalis pathosystem is quite well known, whereas knowledge about the pear/V. pyrina pathosystem is still limited. The aim of our study was to analyse the mode of action of a major resistance gene of apple (Rvi6) in transgenic apple and pear plants interacting with the two scab species (V. inaequalis and V. pyrina), in order to determine the degree of functional transferability between the two pathosystems. Results Transgenic pear clones constitutively expressing the Rvi6 gene from apple were compared to a scab transgenic apple clone carrying the same construct. After inoculation in greenhouse with V. pyrina, strong defense reactions and very limited sporulation were observed on all transgenic pear clones tested. Microscopic observations revealed frequent aborted conidiophores in the Rvi6 transgenic pear / V. pyrina interaction. The macro- and microscopic observations were very comparable to the Rvi6 apple / V. inaequalis interaction. However, this resistance in pear proved variable according to the strain of V. pyrina, and one of the strains tested overcame the resistance of most of the transgenic pear clones. Comparative transcriptomic analyses of apple and pear resistant interactions with V. inaequalis and V. pyrina, respectively, revealed different cascades of molecular mechanisms downstream of the pathogen recognition by Rvi6 in the two species. Signal transduction was triggered in both species with calcium (and G-proteins in pear) and interconnected hormonal signaling (jasmonic acid in pear, auxins in apple and brassinosteroids in both species), without involvement of salicylic acid. This led to the induction of defense responses such as a remodeling of primary and secondary cell wall, lipids biosynthesis (galactolipids in apple and cutin and cuticular waxes in pear), systemic acquired resistance signal generation (in apple) or perception in distal tissues (in pear), and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids (flavonoids in apple but also lignin in pear). Conclusion This study is the first example of a successful intergeneric transfer of a resistance gene among Rosaceae, with a resistance gene functioning towards another species of pathogen. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08157-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perchepied
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - E Chevreau
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - E Ravon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - S Gaillard
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - S Pelletier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - M Bahut
- Univ Angers, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - P Berthelot
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - R Cournol
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - H J Schouten
- Wageningen Univ & Res, Plant Breeding, NL-6700, Wageningen, AJ, Netherlands
| | - E Vergne
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France.
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Abstract
There is increasing difficulty in identifying new plant leaf diseases as a result of environmental change. There is a need to identify the factors influencing the emergence and the increasing incidences of these diseases. Here, we present emerging fungal plant leaf diseases and describe their environmental speciation. We considered the factors controlling for local adaptation associated with environmental speciation. We determined that the advent of emergent fungal leaf diseases is closely connected to environmental speciation. Fungal pathogens targeting the leaves may adversely affect the entire plant body. To mitigate the injury caused by these pathogens, it is necessary to be able to detect and identify them early in the infection process. In this way, their distribution, virulence, incidence, and severity could be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jain
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China.,Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi , Guizhou , China
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Aznar A, Chen NWG, Thomine S, Dellagi A. Immunity to plant pathogens and iron homeostasis. Plant Sci 2015; 240:90-7. [PMID: 26475190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for metabolic processes in most living organisms. Pathogens and their hosts often compete for the acquisition of this nutrient. However, iron can catalyze the formation of deleterious reactive oxygen species. Hosts may use iron to increase local oxidative stress in defense responses against pathogens. Due to this duality, iron plays a complex role in plant-pathogen interactions. Plant defenses against pathogens and plant response to iron deficiency share several features, such as secretion of phenolic compounds, and use common hormone signaling pathways. Moreover, fine tuning of iron localization during infection involves genes coding iron transport and iron storage proteins, which have been shown to contribute to immunity. The influence of the plant iron status on the outcome of a given pathogen attack is strongly dependent on the nature of the pathogen infection strategy and on the host species. Microbial siderophores emerged as important factors as they have the ability to trigger plant defense responses. Depending on the plant species, siderophore perception can be mediated by their strong iron scavenging capacity or possibly via specific recognition as pathogen associated molecular patterns. This review highlights that iron has a key role in several plant-pathogen interactions by modulating immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Aznar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas W G Chen
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, UMR1345 INRA-AgroCampus-Ouest, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Sebastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
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Abstract
Genetic transformation has emerged as a powerful tool for genetic improvement of fruit trees hindered by their reproductive biology and their high levels of heterozygosity. For years, genetic engineering of fruit trees has focussed principally on enhancing disease resistance (against viruses, fungi, and bacteria), although there are few examples of field cultivation and commercial application of these transgenic plants. In addition, over the years much work has been performed to enhance abiotic stress tolerance, to induce modifications of plant growth and habit, to produce marker-free transgenic plants and to improve fruit quality by modification of genes that are crucially important in the production of specific plant components. Recently, with the release of several genome sequences, studies of functional genomics are becoming increasingly important: by modification (overexpression or silencing) of genes involved in the production of specific plant components is possible to uncover regulatory mechanisms associated with the biosynthesis and catabolism of metabolites in plants. This review focuses on the main advances, in recent years, in genetic transformation of the most important species of fruit trees, devoting particular attention to functional genomics approaches and possible future challenges of genetic engineering for these species in the post-genomic era.
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Malnoy M, Martens S, Norelli JL, Barny MA, Sundin GW, Smits THM, Duffy B. Fire blight: applied genomic insights of the pathogen and host. Annu Rev Phytopathol 2012; 50:475-94. [PMID: 22702352 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an invasive disease that threatens a wide range of commercial and ornamental Rosaceae host plants. The response elicited by E. amylovora in its host during disease development is similar to the hypersensitive reaction that typically leads to resistance in an incompatible host-pathogen interaction, yet no gene-for-gene resistance has been described for this host-pathogen system. Comparative genomic analysis has found an unprecedented degree of genetic uniformity among strains of E. amylovora, suggesting that the pathogen has undergone a recent genetic bottleneck. The genome of apple, an important host of E. amylovora, has been sequenced, creating new opportunities for the study of interactions between host and pathogen during fire blight development and for the identification of resistance genes. This review includes recent advances in the genomics of both host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Malnoy
- Department of Biology and Genomics of Fruit Plants, FEM IASMA Research and Innovation Center, Foundation Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
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