1
|
Azarin K, Usatov A, Minkina T, Duplii N, Kasyanova A, Fedorenko A, Khachumov V, Mandzhieva S, Rajput VD. Effects of bulk and nano-ZnO particles on functioning of photosynthetic apparatus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environ Res 2023; 216:114748. [PMID: 36370809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) after 7-days of exposure to bulk (b-ZnO) and nanosized ZnO (n-ZnO) (300, 2000, and 10,000 mg/l) has been investigated. An impact on the amount of chlorophylls, photosynthetic efficiency, as well as the zinc accumulation in chloroplasts was demonstrated. Violation of the chloroplast fine structure was revealed. These changes were generally more pronounced with n-ZnO exposure, especially at high concentrations. For instance, the chlorophyll deficiency under 10,000 mg/l b-ZnO treatment was 31% and with exposure to 10,000 mg/l n-ZnO, the chlorophyll deficiency was already 52%. The expression analysis of the photosynthetic genes revealed their different sensitivity to b-ZnO and n-ZnO exposure. The genes encoding subunits of photosystem II (PSII) and, to a slightly lesser extent, photosystem I (PSI) showed the highest suppression of transcriptional levels. The mRNA levels of the subunits of cytochrome-b6f, NADH dehydrogenase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and ATP synthase, which, in addition to linear electron flow (LEF), participate in cyclic electron flow (CEF) and autotrophic CO2 fixation, were more stable or increased under b-ZnO and n-ZnO treatments. At the same time, CEF was increased. It was assumed that under the action of b-ZnO and n-ZnO, the processes of LEF are disrupted, and CEF is activated. This allows the plant to prevent photo-oxidation and compensate for the lack of ATP for the CO2 fixation process, thereby ensuring the stability of photosynthetic function in the initial stages of stress factor exposure. The study of photosynthetic structures of crops is important from the point of view of understanding the risks of reducing the production potential and the level of food security due to the growing use of nanoparticles in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Duplii
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lysenko EA, Kozuleva MA, Klaus AA, Pshybytko NL, Kusnetsov VV. Lower air humidity reduced both the plant growth and activities of photosystems I and II under prolonged heat stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:246-262. [PMID: 36436415 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The warming is global problem. In natural environments, heat stress is usually accompanied by drought. Under drought conditions, water content decreases in both soil and air; yet,the effect of lower air humidity remains obscure. We supplied maize and barley plants with an unlimited source of water for the root uptake and studied the effect of relative air humidity under heat stress. Young plants were subjected for 48 h to several degrees of heat stress: moderate (37 °C), genuine (42 °C), and nearly lethal (46 °C). The conditions of lower air humidity decreased the photochemical activities of photosystem I and photosystem II. The small effect was revealed in the control (24 °C). Elevating temperature to 37 °C and 42 °C increased the relative activities of both photosystems; the photosystem II was activated more. Probably, this is why the effect of air humidity disappeared at 37 °C; the small inhibiting effect was observed at 42 °C. At 46 °C, lower air humidity substantially magnified the inhibitory effect of heat. As a result, the maximal and relative activities of both photosystems decreased in maize and barley; the photosystem II was inhibited more. Under the conditions of 46 °C at lower air humidity, the plant growth was greatly reduced. Maize plants increased water uptake by roots and survived; barley plants were unable to increase water uptake and died. Therefore, air humidity is an important component of environmental heat stress influencing activities of photosystem I and photosystem II and thereby plant growth and viability under severe stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Lysenko
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Klaus
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natallia L Pshybytko
- Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Victor V Kusnetsov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, 127276, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Moeen-ud-din M, Yin R, Yang S. ROS Homeostasis Involved in Dose-Dependent Responses of Arabidopsis Seedlings to Copper Toxicity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:11. [PMID: 36672752 PMCID: PMC9858908 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential element in plant nutrition, copper (Cu) can promote or inhibit plant growth depending on its concentration. However, the dose-dependent effects of copper, particularly on DNA damage associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, are much less understood. In this work, we analyzed the dual effect of Cu (5, 20, and 60 μM) on the reproductive performance of Arabidopsis plants. Whereas Cu5 promoted inflorescence initiation and increased kilo seed weight, two higher concentrations, Cu20 and Cu60, delayed inflorescence initiation and negatively affected silique size. Excess Cu also induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis, which was examined by in situ visualization and measurements of ROS, including superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and plasma membrane damage. The most dramatic increases in the production of O2•- and H2O2 along with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were observed in roots with Cu60. Oxidative stress also modulated the expression levels of a number of genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), particularly those related to DNA repair. The Cu-induced chlorosis of Arabidopsis seedlings could be alleviated by exogenous addition of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (Asc), as the chlorophyll content was significantly increased. Overall, internal homeostasis ROS and the associated DDR pathway and the corresponding scavenging mechanisms play a central role in the response of Arabidopsis to oxidative stress induced by inhibitory Cu concentrations. Our results have shown, for the first time, that the biphasic responses of Arabidopsis seedlings to increasing Cu concentrations involve different DNA damage responses and oxidative reactions. They provide the basis for elucidating the network of Cu-induced DDR-related genes and the regulatory mechanism of the complex ROS production and scavenging system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Wufuer R, Duo J, Li W, Pan X. Cadmium Caused Different Toxicity to Photosystem I and Photosystem II of Freshwater Unicellular Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta). Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10070352. [PMID: 35878257 PMCID: PMC9323598 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as Cd pose environmental problems and threats to a variety of organisms. The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the growth and activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were studied. The growth rate of cells treated with 25 and 100 µM of Cd for longer than 48 h were significantly lower than the control, accompanying with the inhibition of photosynthesis. The result of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) in PSI and PSII showed that Cd had a more serious inhibition on PSII than on PSI. Cd decreased the efficiency of PSII to use the energy under high light with increasing Cd concentration. In contrast, the quantum yield of PSI did not show a significant difference among different Cd treatments. The activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) due to Cd treatment were observed. The photochemical quantum yield of PSI and the tolerance of ETR of PSI to Cd treatments were due to the activation of CEF around PSI. The activation of CEF also played an important role in induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The binding features of Cd ions and photosystem particles showed that Cd was easier to combine with PSII than PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Cd on PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peršić V, Antunović Dunić J, Domjan L, Zellnig G, Cesar V. Time Course of Age-Linked Changes in Photosynthetic Efficiency of Spirodela polyrhiza Exposed to Cadmium. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:872793. [PMID: 35693160 PMCID: PMC9175006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term assessment of adverse effects is essential for populations exposed to higher risk of environmental pollution. This study presents the time course of physiological and morphological changes attributed to cadmium, emphasizing age-linked differences in the susceptibility of photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza fronds exposed to different cadmium concentrations. A four-frond colony represented by mother, daughter, and granddaughter plants was exposed to cadmium concentrations for 6, 24, and 72 h to establish its effect on different generations of the great duckweed. The duration of cadmium exposure accounted for the most variation in chlorophyll content as the most influential variable, and after 72 h, frond responsiveness was a function of cadmium concentration. Carotenoid contents behaved slightly differently in fronds of different ages, with the oldest mother frond exhibiting accelerated senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements showed that cadmium affects different photosynthetic electron transport segments relative to the frond's chloroplast structure level. Photosynthesis of mother fronds exposed to low cadmium and daughter fronds exposed to high cadmium was determined by the functionality of primary electron acceptance at the PSII level. Mother plants exposed to higher cadmium concentrations were characterized by closed and inactive reaction centers, dissipated energy outflux, and inhibited photosynthesis. Young fronds exposed to low and high cadmium concentrations were characterized by increased non-reducing reaction centers and thermal phase reduction, with activated dissipative mechanisms at high cadmium concentrations. Cadmium-induced changes in the ultrastructure of chloroplasts were visible after 6 h of exposure to lowest concentrations, with gradual degradation of the thylakoid system as the fronds aged. Younger fronds responded to cadmium more dynamically through molecular, physiological, and anatomical changes and tolerated a more reduced electron transport chain under given conditions than older fronds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Peršić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Domjan
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Vera Cesar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang LD, Liu X, Wei MY, Guo ZJ, Zhao ZZ, Gao CH, Li J, Xu JX, Shen ZJ, Zheng HL. Ammonium has stronger Cd detoxification ability than nitrate by reducing Cd influx and increasing Cd fixation in Solanum nigrum L. J Hazard Mater 2022; 425:127947. [PMID: 34896722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that affects the growth and development of plants. Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants, and appropriate N management can improve Cd tolerance. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of different forms of N on the molecular and physiological responses of the hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum to Cd toxicity. Measurement of biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and Cd2+ fluxes using non-invasive micro-test technique, Cd fluorescent dying, biochemical methods and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were performed in our study. Our results showed that ammonium (NH4+) has stronger Cd detoxification ability than nitrate (NO3-), which are likely attributed to the following three reasons: (1) NH4+ decreased the influx and accumulation of Cd2+ by regulating the transcription of Cd transport-related genes; (2) the ameliorative effects of NH4+ were accompanied by the increased retention of Cd in the cell walls of roots; and (3) NH4+ up-regulated SnExp expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China; Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, PR China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Chang-Hao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Todorenko D, Volgusheva A, Timofeev N, Kovalenko I, Matorin D, Antal T. Multiple in vivo Effects of Cadmium on Photosynthetic Electron Transport in Pea Plants. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1516-1526. [PMID: 34129699 DOI: 10.1111/php.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of cadmium (CdSO4 ) on the primary photosynthetic processes were studied in vivo in Pisum sativum by using Multi-function Plant Efficiency Analyser (M-PEA-2). Photosynthetic parameters related to photosystem (PS) II, PS I and intersystem electron carriers were calculated from the light-induced kinetics of prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP transient), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and 820 nm modulated reflection (MR). Low-dose exposure to cadmium (20 μm CdSO4 for 48 h) reduced probability of electron transfer from plastoquinones to the terminal electron acceptors of PSI (δRo ) accompanied by a decrease in the rate of P700 + and PC reduction (Vred ) and the magnitude of the I2 step on the DF kinetics. Electron transport through PSI remained unaltered. The obtained results allowed us to propose existence of the potential site of inhibition of photosynthetic electron flow by cadmium between PSII and PSI. We propose to use parameters δRo , Vred , and I2 /I1 as sensitive indicators of an early contamination by heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Todorenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nyurgun Timofeev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Matorin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras Antal
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Research, Pskov State University, Pskov, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Metal uptake, transport and storage in plants depend on specialized ligands with closely related functions. Individual studies differing by species, nutrient availability, tissue type, etc. are not comprehensive enough to understand plant metal homeostasis in its entirety. A thorough review is required that distinguishes the role of ligands directly involved in chelation from the myriad of plant responses to general stress. Distinguishing between the functions of metal chelating compounds is the primary focus of this review; reactive oxygen species mediation and other aspects of metal homeostasis are also discussed. High molecular weight ligands (polysaccharides, phytochelatin, metallothionein), low molecular weight ligands (nicotianamine, histidine, secondary metabolites) and select studies which demonstrate the complex nature of plant metal homeostasis are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T Carrillo
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Dulal Borthakur
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Sciences 218, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Fu B, Cai J, Guo W, Shi L, Wu J, Chen Y. A thorough screening based on QTLs controlling zinc and copper accumulation in the grain of different wheat genotypes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:15043-15054. [PMID: 33230790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excess trace metals may cause damage to human health due to the consumption of food grain grown in contaminated soils. This study was designed to understand the genetic mechanisms of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) accumulation in wheat grain under stressed environments. The differences of Cu/Zn contents in the grain among 246 wheat varieties were analyzed, and the wheat varieties with low or high accumulation of Cu and Zn in the safe range were also screened out. The accumulation of Cu and Zn in grains of "Chushanbao" was lowest, which could be used as a novel germplasm for wheat breeding under heavy metal stress. We found that Cu contents of wheat grain were significantly and positively correlated with Zn. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain Cu content (GCuC) and grain Zn content (GZnC) were detected by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Twenty-three loci affecting GCuC were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B 4D, 5A, 6D, 7A, and 7B, explaining 2.6-5.8% of the phenotypic variation. Sixteen loci associated with the GZnC on 11 different chromosomes 1B, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6B, and 7D were detected, which could explain 2.7~6.6% of phenotypic variance. We also determined five associated loci on chromosomes 2B, 2D, 3A, 4B, and 5A were in pleiotropic regions affecting both GCuC and GZnC. This study would help in better understanding the molecular basis of Cu/Zn accumulation in wheat grain, and the associated markers may be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaofeng Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bisheng Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farooq MA, Hong Z, Islam F, Noor Y, Hannan F, Zhang Y, Ayyaz A, Mwamba TM, Zhou W, Song W. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of arsenic induced toxicity reveals the mechanism of multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111744. [PMID: 33396070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) a non-essential element is of particular concern with respect to harmful effects on plant metabolism. While extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological responses of plants to increase As concentrations, however, molecular differences elucidating species-specific changes remain largely unknown. In the present experiment, two oilseed Brassica napus (B. napus) cultivars, ZS758 and ZD622, were treated by elevated As concentration. Their responses to the As stress have been investigated through pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer and isobaric tags based proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis. The chlorophyll fluorescence attributes showed that As stress significantly decrease the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) as well as the comparatively closed stomata observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, 65 proteins displayed increased abundance and 52 down-regulated were found in the control vs As comparison in cultivar ZS758, while 44 up and 67 down-regulated proteins were found in the control vs As comparison in ZD622. Metabolic pathways, followed by ribosome and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the dominant functional annotation categories among the differentially expressed protein (DEPs). Many genes involved in primary metabolism, stress and defense were found to be As-responsive DEPs and/or DEPs between these two cultivars. Based on these results, a schematic description of key processes involved in As tolerance in ZS758 and ZD622 is proposed, which suggests that higher tolerance in ZS758 depends on a multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism. Real-time quantitative PCR supported the expression patterns of several genes encoding a protein similar to their corresponding DEPs. In addition, these findings could shed light in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of B. napus exposed to As stress and provide or improve essential understandings in the development of advanced B. napus cultivars against As resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheyuan Hong
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yamna Noor
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Song
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiao J, Park YG, Guo G, Jeong BR. Effect of Iron Source and Medium pH on Growth and Development of Sorbus commixta In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010133. [PMID: 33374479 PMCID: PMC7796064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorbus commixta is a valuable hardwood plant with a high economical value for its medicinal and ornamental qualities. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the iron (Fe) source and medium pH on the growth and development of S. commixta in vitro. The Fe sources used, including non-chelated iron sulfate (FeSO4), iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA), and iron diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Fe-DTPA), were supplemented to the Multipurpose medium with a final Fe concentration of 2.78 mg·L-1. The medium without any supplementary Fe was used as the control. The pH of the agar-solidified medium was adjusted to either 4.70, 5.70, or 6.70. The experiment was conducted in a culture room for six weeks with 25 °C day and night temperatures, and a 16-h photoperiod with a light intensity of 50 mmol·m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Both the Fe source and pH affected the growth and development of the micropropagated plants in vitro. The leaves were greener in the pH 4.70 and 5.70 treatments. The tissue Fe content decreased with the increase of the medium pH. The leaf chlorophyll content was similar between plants treated with FeSO4 and those with Fe-EDTA. The numbers of the shoots and roots of plantlets treated with FeSO4 were 2.5 and 2 times greater than those of the control, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root were the greatest for plants treated with Fe-EDTA combined with pH 5.70. The calcium, magnesium, and manganese contents in the plantlets increased in the pH 5.70 treatments regardless of the Fe source. Supplementary Fe decreased the activity of ferric chelate reductase. Overall, although the plantlets absorbed more Fe at pH 4.70, Fe-EDTA combined with pH 5.70 was found to be the best for the growth and development of S. commixta in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.X.); (G.G.)
| | - Yoo Gyeong Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.X.); (G.G.)
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.X.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1913
| |
Collapse
|