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Eluchans M, Donnarumma F, Pezzulo G. From particles to collectives: Commentary on "Path integrals, particular kinds, and strange things" by Friston et al. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:106-108. [PMID: 38181489 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Eluchans
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy; University of Rome "La Sapienza"
| | - Francesco Donnarumma
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
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Fischer J. Physical reasoning is the missing link between action goals and kinematics: A comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning, and imitation" by Proietti et al. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:198-200. [PMID: 38350304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fischer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Pezzulo G, Parr T, Friston K. Active inference as a theory of sentient behavior. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108741. [PMID: 38182015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This review paper offers an overview of the history and future of active inference-a unifying perspective on action and perception. Active inference is based upon the idea that sentient behavior depends upon our brains' implicit use of internal models to predict, infer, and direct action. Our focus is upon the conceptual roots and development of this theory of (basic) sentience and does not follow a rigid chronological narrative. We trace the evolution from Helmholtzian ideas on unconscious inference, through to a contemporary understanding of action and perception. In doing so, we touch upon related perspectives, the neural underpinnings of active inference, and the opportunities for future development. Key steps in this development include the formulation of predictive coding models and related theories of neuronal message passing, the use of sequential models for planning and policy optimization, and the importance of hierarchical (temporally) deep internal (i.e., generative or world) models. Active inference has been used to account for aspects of anatomy and neurophysiology, to offer theories of psychopathology in terms of aberrant precision control, and to unify extant psychological theories. We anticipate further development in all these areas and note the exciting early work applying active inference beyond neuroscience. This suggests a future not just in biology, but in robotics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pezzulo
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Thomas Parr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; VERSES AI Research Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA
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Manrique HM, Friston KJ, Walker MJ. 'Snakes and ladders' in paleoanthropology: From cognitive surprise to skillfulness a million years ago. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:40-70. [PMID: 38513522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A paradigmatic account may suffice to explain behavioral evolution in early Homo. We propose a parsimonious account that (1) could explain a particular, frequently-encountered, archeological outcome of behavior in early Homo - namely, the fashioning of a Paleolithic stone 'handaxe' - from a biological theoretic perspective informed by the free energy principle (FEP); and that (2) regards instances of the outcome as postdictive or retrodictive, circumstantial corroboration. Our proposal considers humankind evolving as a self-organizing biological ecosystem at a geological time-scale. We offer a narrative treatment of this self-organization in terms of the FEP. Specifically, we indicate how 'cognitive surprises' could underwrite an evolving propensity in early Homo to express sporadic unorthodox or anomalous behavior. This co-evolutionary propensity has left us a legacy of Paleolithic artifacts that is reminiscent of a 'snakes and ladders' board game of appearances, disappearances, and reappearances of particular archeological traces of Paleolithic behavior. When detected in the Early and Middle Pleistocene record, anthropologists and archeologists often imagine evidence of unusual or novel behavior in terms of early humankind ascending the rungs of a figurative phylogenetic 'ladder' - as if these corresponded to progressive evolution of cognitive abilities that enabled incremental achievements of increasingly innovative technical prowess, culminating in the cognitive ascendancy of Homo sapiens. The conjecture overlooks a plausible likelihood that behavior by an individual who was atypical among her conspecifics could have been disregarded in a community of Hominina (for definition see Appendix 1) that failed to recognize, imagine, or articulate potential advantages of adopting hitherto unorthodox behavior. Such failure, as well as diverse fortuitous demographic accidents, would cause exceptional personal behavior to be ignored and hence unremembered. It could disappear by a pitfall, down a 'snake', as it were, in the figurative evolutionary board game; thereby causing a discontinuity in the evolution of human behavior that presents like an evolutionary puzzle. The puzzle discomforts some paleoanthropologists trained in the natural and life sciences. They often dismiss it, explaining it away with such self-justifying conjectures as that, maybe, separate paleospecies of Homo differentially possessed different cognitive abilities, which, supposedly, could account for the presence or absence in the Pleistocene archeological record of traces of this or that behavioral outcome or skill. We argue that an alternative perspective - that inherits from the FEP and an individual's 'active inference' about its surroundings and of its own responses - affords a prosaic, deflationary, and parsimonious way to account for appearances, disappearances, and reappearances of particular behavioral outcomes and skills of early humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Marín Manrique
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ciudad Escolar, s/n, Teruel 44003, Spain
| | - Karl John Friston
- Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, and The Wellcome Centre for Human Imaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Michael John Walker
- Physical Anthropology, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo Edificio 20, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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D'Ausilio A, Tomassini A. Studying the hierarchy of actions from motor primitives: Comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation". Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:63-65. [PMID: 37708816 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - A Tomassini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Kalénine S. Visual context drives uncertainty-reduction and novelty-seeking exploration during action understanding: Comment on: "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning, and imitation" by Riccardo Proietti, Giovanni Pezzulo and Alessia Tessari. Phys Life Rev 2023; 47:6-8. [PMID: 37651760 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Kalénine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, France.
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Pacherie E. Learning action hierarchies: Comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation" by Riccardo Proietti, Giovanni Pezzulo, Alessia Tessari. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:292-294. [PMID: 37633213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pacherie
- Institut Jean-Nicod, École normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France.
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Friston K. The many faces of action: Comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation" by Proietti, Pezzulo, and Tessari. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:125-128. [PMID: 37379731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, WC1N 3AR, London, UK; VERSES AI Research Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA.
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Borghi AM, Gervasi AM, Brozzoli C. Language as a means to reduce uncertainty: Comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation" by R. Proietti, G. Pezzulo, A. Tessari. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:261-263. [PMID: 37567075 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Borghi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; ISTC-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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Badcock PB. The Zone of Bounded Surprisal: Raising further questions. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:252-254. [PMID: 37536043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052 Australia.
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Smith R. The path forward for modeling action-oriented cognition as active inference: Comment on "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation" by Riccardo Proietti, Giovanni Pezzulo, Alessia Tessari. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:152-154. [PMID: 37437406 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Smith
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, United States of America.
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Parr T, Limanowski J. Synchronising our internal clocks: Comment on: "An active inference model of hierarchical action understanding, learning and imitation" by Proietti et al. Phys Life Rev 2023; 46:258-260. [PMID: 37544051 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom.
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