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Vartzoka F, Ozenoglu E, Pitsikas N. The Nitric Oxide (NO) Donor Molsidomine Attenuates Memory Impairments Induced by the D1/D2 Dopaminergic Receptor Agonist Apomorphine in the Rat. Molecules 2023; 28:6861. [PMID: 37836704 PMCID: PMC10574075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that scarcity of the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, compounds, such as NO donors, that can normalize NO levels might be of utility for the treatment of this pathology. It has been previously shown that the NO donor molsidomine attenuated schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits caused by glutamate hypofunction in rats. The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of molsidomine and that of the joint administration of this NO donor with sub-effective doses of the non-typical antipsychotics clozapine and risperidone to counteract memory deficits associated with dysregulation of the brain dopaminergic system in rats. Molsidomine (2 and 4 mg/kg) attenuated spatial recognition and emotional memory deficits induced by the mixed dopamine (DA) D1/D2 receptor agonist apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg). Further, the joint administration of sub-effective doses of molsidomine (1 mg/kg) with those of clozapine (0.1 mg/kg) or risperidone (0.03 mg/kg) counteracted non-spatial recognition memory impairments caused by apomorphine. The present findings propose that molsidomine is sensitive to DA dysregulation since it attenuates memory deficits induced by apomorphine. Further, the current findings reinforce the potential of molsidomine as a complementary molecule for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Vartzoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Panepistimiou 3, 415-00 Larissa, Greece
| | - Elif Ozenoglu
- School of Medicine, University of Acibadem, 415-00 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Pitsikas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Panepistimiou 3, 415-00 Larissa, Greece
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Markiewicz R, Borowski B, Dobrowolska B, Łoza B. Self-Regulatory Neuronal Mechanisms and Long-Term Challenges in Schizophrenia Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040651. [PMID: 37190616 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and relapsing disorder that is characterized not only by delusions and hallucinations but also mainly by the progressive development of cognitive and social deficits. These deficits are related to impaired synaptic plasticity and impaired neurotransmission in the nervous system. Currently, technological innovations and medical advances make it possible to use various self-regulatory methods to improve impaired synaptic plasticity. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of various rehabilitation methods, we reviewed methods that modify synaptic plasticity and improve the cognitive and executive processes of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched with the keywords mentioned below. A total of 555 records were identified. Modern methods of schizophrenia therapy with neuroplastic potential, including neurofeedback, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, virtual reality therapy, and cognitive remediation therapy, were reviewed and analyzed. Since randomized controlled studies of long-term schizophrenia treatment do not exceed 2-3 years, and the pharmacological treatment itself has an incompletely estimated benefit-risk ratio, treatment methods based on other paradigms, including neuronal self-regulatory and neural plasticity mechanisms, should be considered. Methods available for monitoring neuroplastic effects in vivo (e.g., fMRI, neuropeptides in serum), as well as unfavorable parameters (e.g., features of the metabolic syndrome), enable individualized monitoring of the effectiveness of long-term treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Markiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Borowski
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Dobrowolska
- Department of Holistic Care and Management in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Łoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen PS, Jamil A, Liu LC, Wei SY, Tseng HH, Nitsche MA, Kuo MF. Nonlinear Effects of Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation on Visuomotor Coordination Task Performance. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5346-5355. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in the modulation of neuroplasticity, which serves as the physiological basis of cognition. The physiological effects of dopamine depend on receptor subtypes, and the D1 receptor is critically involved in learning and memory formation. Evidence from both animal and human studies shows a dose-dependent impact of D1 activity on performance. However, the direct association between physiology and behavior in humans remains unclear. In this study, four groups of healthy participants were recruited, and each group received placebo or medication inducing a low, medium, or high amount of D1 activation via the combination of levodopa and a D2 antagonist. After medication, fMRI was conducted during a visuomotor learning task. The behavioral results revealed an inverted U-shaped effect of D1 activation on task performance, where medium-dose D1 activation led to superior learning effects, as compared to placebo as well as low- and high-dose groups. A respective dose-dependent D1 modulation was also observed for cortical activity revealed by fMRI. Further analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between task performance and cortical activation at the left primary motor cortex. Our results indicate a nonlinear curve of D1 modulation on motor learning in humans and the respective physiological correlates in corresponding brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Asif Jamil
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Lin-Cho Liu
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
| | - Shyh-Yuh Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany
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Palaniyappan L. Inefficient neural system stabilization: a theory of spontaneous resolutions and recurrent relapses in psychosis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:367-383. [PMID: 31245961 PMCID: PMC6821513 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A striking feature of psychosis is its heterogeneity. Presentations of psychosis vary from transient symptoms with no functional consequence in the general population to a tenacious illness at the other extreme, with a wide range of variable trajectories in between. Even among patients with schizophrenia, who are diagnosed on the basis of persistent deterioration, marked variation is seen in response to treatment, frequency of relapses and degree of eventual recovery. Existing theoretical accounts of psychosis focus almost exclusively on how symptoms are initially formed, with much less emphasis on explaining their variable course. In this review, I present an account that links several existing notions of the biology of psychosis with the variant clinical trajectories. My aim is to incorporate perspectives of systems neuroscience in a staging framework to explain the individual variations in illness course that follow the onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ont., Canada
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Görtz P, Henning U, Theiss S, Lange-Asschenfeldt C. Effect fingerprints of antipsychotic drugs on neural networks in vitro. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1363-71. [PMID: 31321550 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We compared the acute effect of typical (haloperidol) and atypical (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine) antipsychotic drugs (APDs) on spontaneous electrophysiological activity of in vitro neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Network burst analysis revealed a "regularizing" effect of all APDs at therapeutic concentrations, i.e., an increase of network-wide temporal synchronization. At supratherapeutic concentrations, all APDs but olanzapine mediated a decrease of burst and spike rates, burst duration, number of spikes in bursts, and network synchrony. The rank order of potency of APDs was: haloperidol > aripiprazole > clozapine > olanzapine (no suppression). Disruption of network function was not due to enhanced cell death as assessed by trypan blue staining. APDs promoted distinct concentration-dependent alterations yielding acute effect fingerprints of the tested compounds. These effects were rather characteristic for individual compounds than distinctive for typical vs. atypical APDs. Thus, this dichotomy may be of value in distinguishing clinical features but has no apparent basis on the network or local circuitry level.
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Wang MJ, Jiang L, Chen HS, Cheng L. Levetiracetam Protects Against Cognitive Impairment of Subthreshold Convulsant Discharge Model Rats by Activating Protein Kinase C (PKC)-Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43)-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK) Signal Transduction Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4627-4638. [PMID: 31266934 PMCID: PMC6601366 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical epileptiform discharges (SEDs) are defined as epileptiform electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges without clinical signs of seizure in patients. The subthreshold convulsant discharge (SCD) is a frequently used model for SEDs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of levetiracetam (LEV), an anti-convulsant drug, on cognitive impairment of SCD model rats and to assess the associated mechanisms. Material/Methods A SCD rat model was established. Rats were divided into an SCD group, an SCD+ sodium valproate (VPA) group, and an SCD+ levetiracetam (LEV) group. The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the capacity of positioning navigation and space exploration. The field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were evaluated using a bipolar stimulation electrode. NCAM, GAP43, PS95, and CaMK II levels were detected using Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. PKC activity was examined by a non-radioactive method. Results LEV shortens the latency of platform seeking in SCD rats in positioning navigation. fEPSP slopes were significantly lower in the SCD group, and LEV treatment significantly enhanced the fEPSP slopes compared to the SCD group (P<0.05). The NCAM and GAP-43 levels were increased and PSD-95 levels were increased in SCD rats (P<0.05), which were improved by LEV treatment. The PKC activity and CaMK II levels were decreased in SCD rats and LEV treatment significantly enhanced PKC activity and increased CaMK II levels. Conclusions Cognitive impairment in of SCD model rats may be caused by decreased PKC activity, low expression of CaMK II, and inhibition of LTP formation. LEV can improve cognitive function by activating the PKC-GAP-43-CaMK signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jian Wang
- Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Heng-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Lipina TV, Beregovoy NA, Tkachenko AA, Petrova ES, Starostina MV, Zhou Q, Li S. Uncoupling DISC1 × D2R Protein-Protein Interactions Facilitates Latent Inhibition in Disc1-L100P Animal Model of Schizophrenia and Enhances Synaptic Plasticity via D2 Receptors. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:31. [PMID: 30245624 PMCID: PMC6137395 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and dopamine receptors D2R have significant contributions to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our previous study demonstrated that DISC1 binds to D2R and such protein-protein interaction is enhanced in patients with schizophrenia and Disc1-L100P mouse model of schizophrenia (Su et al., 2014). By uncoupling DISC1 × D2R interaction (trans-activator of transcription (TAT)-D2pep), the synthesized TAT-peptide elicited antipsychotic-like effects in pharmacological and genetic animal models, without motor side effects as tardive dyskinesia commonly seen with typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), indicating that the potential of TAT-D2pep of becoming a new APD. Therefore, in the current study, we further explored the APD-associated capacities of TAT-D2pep. We found that TAT-D2pep corrected the disrupted latent inhibition (LI), as a hallmark of schizophrenia associated endophenotype, in Disc1-L100P mutant mice—a genetic model of schizophrenia, supporting further APD’ capacity of TAT-D2pep. Moreover, we found that TAT-D2pep elicited nootropic effects in C57BL/6NCrl inbred mice, suggesting that TAT-D2pep acts as a cognitive enhancer, a desirable feature of APDs of the new generation. Namely, TAT-D2pep improved working memory in T-maze, and cognitive flexibility assessed by the LI paradigm, in C57BL/6N mice. Next, we assessed the impact of TAT-D2pep on hippocampal long-term plasticity (LTP) under basal conditions and upon stimulation of D2 receptors using quinpirole. We found comparable effects of TAT-D2pep and its control TAT-D2pep-scrambled peptide (TAT-D2pep-sc) under basal conditions. However, under stimulation of D2R by quinpirole, LTP was enhanced in hippocampal slices incubated with TAT-D2pep, supporting the notion that TAT-D2pep acts in a dopamine-dependent manner and acts as synaptic enhancer. Overall, our experiments demonstrated implication of DISC1 × D2R protein-protein interactions into mechanisms of cognitive and synaptic plasticity, which help to further understand molecular-cellular mechanisms of APD of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Lipina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute for the Medicine and Psychology of Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Alina A Tkachenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute for the Medicine and Psychology of Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Petrova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Institute for the Medicine and Psychology of Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Gould RW, Grannan MD, Gunter BW, Ball J, Bubser M, Bridges TM, Wess J, Wood MW, Brandon NJ, Duggan ME, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. Cognitive enhancement and antipsychotic-like activity following repeated dosing with the selective M 4 PAM VU0467154. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:492-502. [PMID: 28729220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although selective activation of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype has been shown to improve cognitive function in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent evidence suggests that enhancing M4 mAChR function can also improve memory performance. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) targeting the M4 mAChR subtype have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of multiple symptoms observed in schizophrenia, including positive and cognitive symptoms when assessed in acute preclinical dosing paradigms. Since the cholinergic system has been implicated in multiple stages of learning and memory, we evaluated the effects of repeated dosing with the highly selective M4 PAM VU0467154 on either acquisition and/or consolidation of learning and memory when dosed alone or after pharmacologic challenge with the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801. MK-801 challenge represents a well-documented preclinical model of NMDAR hypofunction that is thought to underlie some of the positive and cognitive symptoms observed in schizophrenia. In wildtype mice, 10-day, once-daily dosing of VU0467154 either prior to, or immediately after daily testing enhanced the rate of learning in a touchscreen visual pairwise discrimination task; these effects were absent in M4 mAChR knockout mice. Following a similar 10-day, once-daily dosing regimen of VU0467154, we also observed 1) improved acquisition of memory in a cue-mediated conditioned freezing paradigm, 2) attenuation of MK-801-induced disruptions in the acquisition of memory in a context-mediated conditioned freezing paradigm and 3) reversal of MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. Comparable efficacy and plasma and brain concentrations of VU0467154 were observed after repeated dosing as those previously reported with an acute, single dose administration of this M4 PAM. Together, these studies are the first to demonstrate that cognitive enhancing and antipsychotic-like activity are not subject to the development of tolerance following repeated dosing with a selective M4 PAM in mice and further suggest that activation of M4 mAChRs may modulate both acquisition and consolidation of memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gould
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael D Grannan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Barak W Gunter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob Ball
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jurgen Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Wood
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Mark E Duggan
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines & Early Development, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Schulze L, Remington G, Giacobbe P, Kennedy SH, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Downar J. Effect of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy on clinical outcomes of intermittent theta-burst stimulation for refractory depression. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:312-319. [PMID: 27852961 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Theta-burst stimulation is an emerging protocol for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation that takes 1-3 min to administer, yet offers equal/superior potency to conventional protocols lasting 30-60 min. However, preclinical evidence suggests that D2 receptor blockade may abolish the acute effects of theta-burst stimulation on synaptic facilitation or inhibition. As many patients presenting for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are taking antipsychotic medications as augmentation for treatment-resistant depression, this finding is potentially concerning for the implementation of theta-burst stimulation in clinical settings. Here, we examined whether treatment-resistant depression patients taking antipsychotics have worse outcomes after a course of intermittent theta-burst stimulation. A chart review identified 105 treatment-resistant depression patients who underwent dorsomedial prefrontal-intermittent theta-burst stimulation; clinical outcomes on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were compared for those taking and not taking antipsychotics. The 29 of 105 patients who were taking antipsychotics showed non-significantly better response and remission rates, and non-significantly larger percentage improvements on both scales, with a positive but non-significant correlation between higher antipsychotic dose and larger percentage improvement. Contrary to expectations, outcomes were not significantly worse, and in some analyses trended towards being better, in patients taking antipsychotics. Future randomized controlled studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with standardized dopaminergic manipulations may be justified and warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schulze
- 1 MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Canada.,2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- 2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.,4 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canada.,5 Department of Psychological Clinical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- 1 MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- 2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.,6 Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.,7 Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- 2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.,7 Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Jonathan Downar
- 1 MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Canada.,2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.,6 Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada
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10
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Kandola A, Hendrikse J, Lucassen PJ, Yücel M. Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:373. [PMID: 27524962 PMCID: PMC4965462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) has been widely praised for its potential benefits to cognition and overall brain and mental health. In particular, AE has a potent impact on promoting the function of the hippocampus and stimulating neuroplasticity. As the evidence-base rapidly builds, and given most of the supporting work can be readily translated from animal models to humans, the potential for AE to be applied as a therapeutic or adjunctive intervention for a range of human conditions appears ever more promising. Notably, many psychiatric and neurological disorders have been associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie the expression of certain symptoms common to these disorders, including (aspects of) cognitive dysfunction. Augmenting existing treatment approaches using AE based interventions may promote hippocampal function and alleviate cognitive deficits in various psychiatric disorders that currently remain untreated. Incorporating non-pharmacological interventions into clinical treatment may also have a number of other benefits to patient well being, such as limiting the risk of adverse side effects. This review incorporates both animal and human literature to comprehensively detail how AE is associated with cognitive enhancements and stimulates a cascade of neuroplastic mechanisms that support improvements in hippocampal functioning. Using the examples of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the utility and implementation of an AE intervention to the clinical domain will be proposed, aimed to reduce cognitive deficits in these, and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, MelbourneVIC, Australia; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Edwin Thanarajah S, Han CE, Rotarska-Jagiela A, Singer W, Deichmann R, Maurer K, Kaiser M, Uhlhaas PJ. Abnormal Connectional Fingerprint in Schizophrenia: A Novel Network Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:114. [PMID: 27445870 PMCID: PMC4928135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The graph theoretical analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has received a great deal of interest in recent years to characterize the organizational principles of brain networks and their alterations in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, the characterization of networks in clinical populations can be challenging, since the comparison of connectivity between groups is influenced by several factors, such as the overall number of connections and the structural abnormalities of the seed regions. To overcome these limitations, the current study employed the whole-brain analysis of connectional fingerprints in diffusion tensor imaging data obtained at 3 T of chronic schizophrenia patients (n = 16) and healthy, age-matched control participants (n = 17). Probabilistic tractography was performed to quantify the connectivity of 110 brain areas. The connectional fingerprint of a brain area represents the set of relative connection probabilities to all its target areas and is, hence, less affected by overall white and gray matter changes than absolute connectivity measures. After detecting brain regions with abnormal connectional fingerprints through similarity measures, we tested each of its relative connection probability between groups. We found altered connectional fingerprints in schizophrenia patients consistent with a dysconnectivity syndrome. While the medial frontal gyrus showed only reduced connectivity, the connectional fingerprints of the inferior frontal gyrus and the putamen mainly contained relatively increased connection probabilities to areas in the frontal, limbic, and subcortical areas. These findings are in line with previous studies that reported abnormalities in striatal-frontal circuits in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, highlighting the potential utility of connectional fingerprints for the analysis of anatomical networks in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheol E Han
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea; Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anna Rotarska-Jagiela
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Wolf Singer
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ernst-Strüngmann Institut, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Centre, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Konrad Maurer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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WANG C. Psychopharmacological treatment for schizophrenia: less is more. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2015; 27:368-70. [PMID: 27199528 PMCID: PMC4858508 DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.215086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia is more common in China and other Asian countries than in Western countries. The reasons for this are unclear, but it may be related to an unsubstantiated belief among clinicians that multiple medications are more likely to achieve the desired clinical outcome. Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for individuals with schizophrenia, but the use of antipsychotic polypharmacy and of high dosages of antipsychotic medication are associated with substantially increased risks without conferring improved clinical outcomes. It is generally accepted that high dosages of antipsychotic medications and the simultaneous use of multiple antipsychotics are associated with an increased prevalence, duration, and severity of adverse drug effects. More recent evidence also suggests that antipsychotic polypharmacy and the associated high overall dosage of antipsychotic medication lead to excessive striatal D2 receptor occupation (resulting in tolerance and drug withdrawal problems) and exacerbation of the impaired synaptic plasticity seen in schizophrenia (magnifying the cognitive impairment associated with the condition). Clinicians need to apply the 'less is more' principle in the psychopharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.
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Rief W, Barsky AJ, Bingel U, Doering BK, Schwarting R, Wöhr M, Schweiger U. Rethinking psychopharmacotherapy: The role of treatment context and brain plasticity in antidepressant and antipsychotic interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 60:51-64. [PMID: 26616735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that treatment context profoundly affects psychopharmacological interventions. We review the evidence for the interaction between drug application and the context in which the drug is given both in human and animal research. We found evidence for this interaction in the placebo response in clinical trials, in our evolving knowledge of pharmacological and environmental effects on neural plasticity, and in animal studies analyzing environmental influences on psychotropic drug effects. Experimental placebo research has revealed neurobiological trajectories of mechanisms such as patients' treatment expectations and prior treatment experiences. Animal research confirmed that "enriched environments" support positive drug effects, while unfavorable environments (low sensory stimulation, low rates of social contacts) can even reverse the intended treatment outcome. Finally we provide recommendations for context conditions under which psychotropic drugs should be applied. Drug action should be steered by positive expectations, physical activity, and helpful social and physical environmental stimulation. Future drug trials should focus on fully controlling and optimizing such drug×environment interactions to improve trial sensitivity and treatment outcome.
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Ebstein RP, Monakhov MV, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Lai PS, Chew SH. Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151360. [PMID: 26246555 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twin and family studies suggest that political attitudes are partially determined by an individual's genotype. The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) exon III repeat region that has been extensively studied in connection with human behaviour, is a plausible candidate to contribute to individual differences in political attitudes. A first United States study provisionally identified this gene with political attitude along a liberal-conservative axis albeit contingent upon number of friends. In a large sample of 1771 Han Chinese university students in Singapore, we observed a significant main effect of association between the DRD4 exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitude. Subjects with two copies of the 4-repeat allele (4R/4R) were significantly more conservative. Our results provided evidence for a role of the DRD4 gene variants in contributing to individual differences in political attitude particularly in females and more generally suggested that associations between individual genes, and neurochemical pathways, contributing to traits relevant to the social sciences can be provisionally identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Ebstein
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, AS4, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Mikhail V Monakhov
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, AS4, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, AS2, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Yushi Jiang
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, AS2, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, AS2, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
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