Factors affecting the nucleolytic cleavage of DNA by (N,N′-ethylenendiaminediacetato)metal(II) complexes, M(edda). Crystal structure of Co(edda)

Enantiomeric pairs of ternary copper(ii) complexes and their aldol-type condensation products: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and epigenetic properties

The complexes induced apoptosis via ROS production, drop in mitochondrial membrane potential and epigenetic changes.

Oxidative DNA cleavage by Cu(II) complexes: Effect of periphery substituent groups

A series of structurally-related [Cu(R-benzyl-dipicolylamine)(NO3)2] complexes, where R=methoxy- (1), methyl- (2), H- (3), fluoro- (4), and nitro-group (5), were synthesized, and their activity on DNA cleavage was investigated by linear dichroism (LD) and electrophoresis. The addition of a benzyl group to the dipicolylamine ligand of the [Cu(dipicolylamine)(NO3)2] complex (A), i.e., the [Cu(benzyl-dipicolylamine)(NO3)2] complex (3), caused significant enhancement in the efficiency of oxidative cleavage of both super-coiled (sc) and double stranded (ds) DNA, as evidenced by the electrophoresis pattern and faster decrease in the LD intensity at 260nm. The efficiency in DNA cleavage was also altered with further modifications of the benzyl group by the introduction of various substituents at the para-position. The cleavage efficiency appeared to be the largest when the methyl group was attached. The order of efficiency in DNA cleavage was methyl>methoxy≈H>fluoro≈nitro group. When an electron-withdrawing group was introduced, the cleavage efficiency decreased remarkably. The reactive oxygen species involved in the cleavage process were the superoxide radical and singlet oxygen. A possible mechanism for this variation in the DNA cleavage efficiency was proposed.

Synthesis of isatin thiosemicarbazones derivatives: in vitro anti-cancer, DNA binding and cleavage activities

New derivatives of thiosemicarbazone Schiff base with isatin moiety were synthesized L1-L6. The structures of these compounds were characterized based on the spectroscopic techniques. Compound L6 was further characterized by XRD single crystal. The interaction of these compounds with calf thymus (CT-DNA) exhibited high intrinsic binding constant (k(b)=5.03-33.00×10(5) M(-1)) for L1-L3 and L5 and (6.14-9.47×10(4) M(-1)) for L4 and L6 which reflect intercalative activity of these compounds toward CT-DNA. This result was also confirmed by the viscosity data. The electrophoresis studies reveal the higher cleavage activity of L1-L3 than L4-L6. The in vitro anti-proliferative activity of these compounds against human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) revealed that the synthesized compounds (L3, L6 and L2) exhibited good anticancer potency.

Selective anticancer copper(ii)-mixed ligand complexes: targeting of ROS and proteasomes

The ternary copper(ii) complexes 1–4 exhibited anticancer selectivity, as evidenced by MTT assay, % apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS induction and DNA DSBs. Proteasome of cancer cells are also inhibited.

Cytotoxic, antibacterial, DNA interaction and superoxide dismutase like activities of sparfloxacin drug based copper(II) complexes with nitrogen donor ligands

The novel neutral mononuclear copper(II) complexes with fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug, sparfloxacin and nitrogen donor heterocyclic ligand have been synthesized and characterized. An antimicrobial efficiency of the complexes has been tested against five different microorganisms and showed diverse biological activity. The interaction of complex with Herring sperm (HS) DNA was investigated using viscosity titration and absorption titration techniques. The results indicate that the complexes bind to DNA by intercalative mode and have rather high DNA-binding constants. DNA cleavage study showed better cleaving ability of the complexes compare to metal salt and standard drug. All the complexes showed good cytotoxic activity with LC(50) values ranging from 4.89 to 11.94 μg mL(-1). Complexes also exhibit SOD-like activity with their IC(50) values ranging from 0.717 to 1.848 μM.

A short review on the structure-function relationship of artificial catecholase/tyrosinase and nuclease activities of Cu-complexes

The synthesis of metal complexes has vastly increased the scope of research for many scientists during the two last decades. Among these compounds, artificial tyrosinases, catecholases, proteases, and nucleases are some of the most studied due to their importance as modern tools in the fields of medicine, scientific research, and industry. Transition metals such as Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Co(3+), Ni(2+), and lanthanide ions are the most commonly used. Among these ions, copper complexes have been the focus of the majority of studies thanks to their significant activity in comparison with other ions. Studies of copper-based tyrosinases, catecholases, and nucleases have revealed some of the overarching factors affecting reactions of all three types, which has led to improved activity and efficiency for all. Key factors include proper core-core distance, (Cu⋯Cu distance 2.90-2.99 Å), suitable solvent, and ligands with proper hydrophobic structure and geometry. In the present investigation, we review and introduce the proposed mechanisms and the kinetically effective factors of natural catecholase, tyrosinase, and nuclease and their Cu-based synthetic mimics.