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Mosayyeb Zadeh A, Mirghelenj SA, Daneshyar M, Eslami M, Karimi Torshizi MA, Zhandi M. Effects of dietary supplementation of tomato pomace (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and L-Arg on reproductive performance of aged male broiler breeders. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102614. [PMID: 36965255 PMCID: PMC10064435 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary supplementation of tomato pomace (TP) and L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation on sperm characteristics, reproductive performance, and semen biochemical components of aged commercial male broiler breeders. Thirty Ross 308 male broiler breeders (58 wk old) were provided and assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups, including control (CON), 5% TP (TPS-5), 10% TP (TPS-10), 15% TP (TPS-15), and L-Arg supplemented (10% above the recommendation, LAS-10). The results indicated that the semen volume increased in the TPS-15 group compared to that of the LAS-10 (and CON on wk 9) throughout the study (P < 0.05). The sperm concentration significantly increased in TPS-10 and TPS-15 groups in comparison to the other experimental groups. On wk 5 and 7, the sperm viability increased in all TPS groups compared to the CON and LAS-10, while on wk 9, it only increased in the TPS-10 group in comparison to the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05). The hypo-osmotic swelling test decreased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups on wk 5 and all TPS groups on wk 7 and 9 (P < 0.05). The sperm total motility and forward progressive motility decreased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, unprogressive motility and immotile sperms were increased in the LAS-10 group compared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the sperm penetration and fertility rate increased in TPS-10 and TPS-15 groups in comparison to CON and LAS-10 groups (P < 0.05). However, hatchability was reduced in the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05). The semen adenosine triphosphate increased in TPS-10, TPS-15, and LAS-10 groups compared to the CON (P < 0.05). Finally, the semen TAC and superoxidase dismutase decreased in the LAS-10 group (P < 0.05), while the glutathione peroxidase increased in the TPS-15 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 15% dietary TPS is recommended to improve the reproductive performance of aged commercial male broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mosayyeb Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mirghelenj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Daneshyar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Tvrdá E, Petrovičová M, Benko F, Ďuračka M, Kováč J, Slanina T, Galovičová L, Žiarovská J, Kačániová M. Seminal Bacterioflora of Two Rooster Lines: Characterization, Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Possible Impact on Semen Quality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020336. [PMID: 36830247 PMCID: PMC9952488 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the bacterial profiles and their association with selected semen quality traits among two chicken breeds. Thirty Lohmann Brown and thirty ROSS 308 roosters were selected for semen quality estimation, including sperm motility, membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and DNA fragmentation. The oxidative profile of the semen, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant capacity, protein, and lipid oxidation, were assessed as well. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukins 1 and 6 (IL-1, IL-6) and C-reactive protein, as well as the concentrations of selected antibacterial proteins (cathelicidin, β-defensin and lysozyme) in the seminal plasma were evaluated with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The prevailing bacterial genera identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were Citrobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. While the bacterial load was significantly higher in the ROSS 308 line (p < 0.05), a higher number of potentially uropathogenic bacteria was found in the Lohmann Brown roosters. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed a substantial resistance of randomly selected bacterial strains, particularly to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and tobramycin. Furthermore, Lohmann Brown ejaculates containing an increased proportion of Escherichia coli presented with significantly (p < 0.05) elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation. Inversely, significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of β-defensin and lysozyme were found in the semen collected from the ROSS 308 roosters, which was characterized by a higher quality in comparison to the Lohmann Brown roosters. In conclusion, we emphasize the criticality of bacteriospermia in the poultry industry and highlight the need to include a more complex microbiological screening of semen samples designated for artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4918
| | - Michaela Petrovičová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine (2. LF UK), V Úvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Benko
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kováč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Galovičová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Huang L, Chen L, Zhang G, Gong P, Ye S, Feng Y. Identification of potential candidate genes and regulatory pathways related to reproductive capacity in hypothalamus and pituitarium of male ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) by differential transcriptome analysis. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac363. [PMID: 36315611 PMCID: PMC9890447 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of reproductive capacity of poultry is important for the poultry industry. The existing studies on reproductive capacity mainly focus on the testis tissue, but few reports on regulationary effect of brain neuroendocrime on reproductive capacity have been available. The hypothalamus-pituitarium-gonad (HPG) axis is an important pathway regulating spermatogenesis and sexual behavior. This study analyzed the gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary tissues of male ducks in high-semen-quality group (DH), low-semen-quality group (DL), and non-response group (DN) by RNA-sequencing. A total of 1980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and significantly less DEGs were found in pituitary gland than in hypothalamus. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in nerve-related and synapse-related biological processes, mitochondrial inner membrane formation pathway, and ribosome structure pathway. Notably, the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway significantly enriched in all three comparisons (DH vs. DL, DH vs. DN, and DL vs. DN) was related to different reproductive performance such as semen quality and sexual response. Furthermore, six genes, including POMC, CPLX2, HAPLN2, EGR4, TOX3, and MSH4, were identified as candidate genes regulating reproductive capacity. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation mechanisms underlying the reproductive performance of male poultry, and offer a valuable reference for duck breeding programs aimed at promoting reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science & Technology, 430208 Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science & Technology, 430208 Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science & Technology, 430208 Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Chen K, Liu JB, Tie CZ, Wang L. Trehalose prevents glyphosate-induced testicular damage in roosters via its antioxidative properties. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:314-322. [PMID: 36084373 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY), an active ingredient of the most commonly used herbicide, when in crops and feed, is deleterious to male reproductive health. Trehalose (Tre), a naturally non-reducing disaccharide, is shown to counteract the adverse stresses due to its antioxidation effect. Thus, this study was designed to investigate whether Tre can improve GLY-induced testicular damage via suppressing oxidative stress. 60 healthy Hy-Line Brown breeder roosters were utilized to assess the protective effects of Tre supplementation against testicular oxidative damage caused by GLY. Data showed that Tre administration significantly alleviated GLY- induced reduction in testis weight, decreased GLY level in the testis tissues, and alleviated GLY-caused testicular pathological damage. Concurrently, GLY treatment significantly elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and testicular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, decreased serum total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, which were all notably reversed by Tre administration. Moreover, GLY- inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in rooster testis, a master regulator of oxidative stress, was markedly recovered by Tre administration. In summary, these findings demonstrated that Tre can prevent GLY-induced testicular damage in roosters by ameliorating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- New Drug Evaluation Center of Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City 250101, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Artificial Phage Drug, 989 Xinluo Street, Ji'nan City 250101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Tie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Gao S, Zhao BX, Long C, Heng N, Guo Y, Sheng XH, Wang XG, Xing K, Xiao LF, Ni HM, Wu SG, Qi XL. Natural Astaxanthin Improves Testosterone Synthesis and Sperm Mitochondrial Function in Aging Roosters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 36139758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and apoptosis are dependent on the regulation of glandular hormones and mitochondria. Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study evaluates the effects of ASTA on testosterone synthesis and mitochondrial function in aging roosters. Jinghong No. 1 layer breeder roosters (n = 96, 53-week old) were fed a corn−soybean meal basal diet containing 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks. The levels of plasma reproductive hormones and the mRNA and protein levels of molecules related to testosterone synthesis were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in the testes of the ASTA group roosters. In addition, antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging abilities in roosters of the ASTA groups were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes activities and mitochondrial membrane potential in sperm increased linearly with dietary ASTA supplementation (p < 0.05). The levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis factors decreased in roosters of the ASTA groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary ASTA may improve testosterone levels and reduce sperm apoptosis, which may be related to the upregulation of the testosterone synthesis pathway and the enhancement of mitochondrial function in aging roosters.
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Sebola NA, Tutubalang K, Mokoboki HK, Mosetle KQ, Manyeula F, Mabelebele M. Inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in the diet of locally bred chickens: effects on growth performance, semen and hatchability traits. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2058515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nthabiseng A. Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Keamogetswe Tutubalang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Hilda K. Mokoboki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Katlego Q. Mosetle
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Freddy Manyeula
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hayanti SY, Hidayat C, Jayanegara A, Sholikin MM, Rusdiana S, Widyaningrum Y, Masito M, Yusriani Y, Qomariyah N, Anggraeny YN. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on chicken sperm quality: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2022; 15:419-426. [PMID: 35400966 PMCID: PMC8980400 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.419-426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Among several factors, the sperm quality of poultry is affected by the rooster’s body size and the availability of antioxidants like vitamin E. This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on rooster sperm quality through a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: After verification and evaluation, a total of 19 articles were included in this study. Data, including dietary vitamin E, semen volume, concentration, total sperm cells, pH, motility, viability, percentage of dead and abnormal sperm, vitamin E sperm content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and testosterone levels, were tabulated in a database; these were subsequently analyzed using mixed modeling with vitamin E dose as a fixed effect and study identity as a random effect. Results: Dietary supplementation level of vitamin E significantly (p<0.001) affected sperm concentration, significantly affected motility (p<0.001), significantly affected sperm vitamin E (p<0.001), significantly affected viability (p<0.001), and significantly affected chicken sperm fertility (p=0.001). Vitamin E administration also significantly reduced the number of sperm cell deaths (p<0.001); however, increased dietary levels of vitamin E did not affect semen volume (p=0.853), pH (p=0.951), MDA (p=0.542), the percentage of abnormal sperm cells (p=0.343), nor testosterone levels (p=0.063). Conclusion: Dietary vitamin E supplementation is recommended for male chickens since it generally enhances the quality of their sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Yanti Hayanti
- Jambi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Jambi City 36128, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Hidayat
- Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Supardi Rusdiana
- Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, Indonesia
| | | | - Masito Masito
- South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Palembang 30151, Indonesia
| | - Yenni Yusriani
- Aceh Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Banda Aceh 23125, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Makassar 90243, Indonesia
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Gao S, Heng N, Liu F, Guo Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Ni H, Sheng X, Wang X, Xing K, Xiao L, Qi X. Natural astaxanthin enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved semen quality through the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in aging layer breeder roosters. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:112. [PMID: 34732261 PMCID: PMC8567604 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) has strong antioxidant properties and has been widely used as a health product to improve human health. However, the effects of ASTA on the reproductive performance of aging roosters have been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary ASTA on semen quality and antioxidant capacity in aging roosters and to explore the potential mechanism of semen quality change via anti-oxidation defense system. Methods In the present study, 96 53-week-old Jinghong No. 1 layer breeder roosters were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks. Results Semen quality in the ASTA groups remarkably improved than that in the control group, and antioxidant activities, the abilities to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, increased gradually with ASTA addition (P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were markedly increased in the 50–100 mg/kg ASTA group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that dietary ASTA may improve semen quality by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, which may be related to upregulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nuo Heng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, 100107, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Products Testing, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, 100107, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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