1
|
Magdy G, El Hamd MA, El-Maghrabey M, Zainy FM, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Alsaggaf WT, Radwan AS. A highly sensitive micelle-enhanced synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of the recently approved co-formulated drugs, bilastine and montelukast in pharmaceuticals and human plasma at nanogram levels. LUMINESCENCE 2023. [PMID: 38044037 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous determination of bilastine and montelukast, two recently approved co-formulated antihistaminic medications, was accomplished using a quick, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and reasonably priced synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach for the first time. Enhancement of the method's sensitivity down to nanogram levels was achieved by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1.0% w/v) as a micellar system. According to the results, bilastine and montelukast's fluorescence was measured at 255.3 and 355.3 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 40.0 nm and distilled water as a green diluting solvent. With respect to the concentration ranges of bilastine (5.0-300.0 ng/ml) and montelukast (50.0-1000.0 ng/ml), the method showed excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9998). The results showed that the suggested method is highly sensitive, with detection limits of 1.42 and 13.74 ng/ml for bilastine and montelukast, respectively. Within-run precisions (intra- and interday) per cent relative standard deviations (RSD) for both analytes were <0.59%. With high percentage recoveries and low percentage RSD values, the designed approach was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of the cited medications in their dosage form and human plasma samples. To evaluate the green profile of the suggested method, an analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE) and green analytical procedure index (GAPI) metric tools were used. These two methods for evaluating greenness confirmed that the developed method met the highest number of green requirements, recommending its use as a green substitute for the routine analysis of the studied drugs. The proposed approach was validated according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Maghrabey
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Faten M Zainy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elnaggar MM, El-Yazbi AF, Belal TS, Elbardisy HM. White sustainable luminescent determination of nifuroxazide using nitrogen-sulphur co-doped carbon quantum dots nanosensor in bulk and various pharmaceutical matrices. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29830-29846. [PMID: 37829714 PMCID: PMC10566585 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nifuroxazide (NFX) is an antimicrobial agent that is frequently used as an intestinal antiseptic and recently was proven to have anticancer properties. This work employs the use of nitrogen and sulphur co-doped carbon quantum dots (NSC-dots) luminescent nanoparticles to propose a highly sensitive, sustainable, white and green spectrofluorometric method for NFX detection in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. l-Cysteine and citric acid were the precursors to synthesize water soluble NSC-dots by a quick and environmentally-friendly hydrothermal process. NSC-dots' native fluorescence was measured at λem = 416 nm following excitation at 345 nm. Addition of NFX resulted in quantitative quenching of NSC-dots' luminescence, which represents the principle over which this luminescent method was based. Additionally, the mechanism of fluorescence quenching was studied and discussed. The analytical procedure was validated according to the ICH-guidelines. Linear response for NFX was obtained in the dynamic range 0.04-15 μg mL-1. The estimated NFX detection and quantification limits were 0.005 and 0.015 μg mL-1, respectively. The proposed method was employed for NFX quantification into two commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms. The calculated percentage recoveries (R%), percentage relative standard deviations (RSD%), and percentage error (Er%) were satisfactory. Comparison with other reported methods showed that the proposed method is superior in several aspects. Evaluation of the whiteness of the proposed method using the RGB 12 algorithm combined with the most widely used greenness evaluation tools, the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE, demonstrated its superiority and sustainability over other previously published spectrofluorimetric methods for the assay of NFX in various dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Amira F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Tarek S Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria 21521 Egypt +20 34873273 +20 34871317
| | - Hadil M Elbardisy
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour 22511 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahmood AK, Sallal TD, Al-Janabi KWS, Luaibi HM. Development of a spectrophotometric analytical approach for the measurement of cefdinir in various pharmaceuticals. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:263-268. [PMID: 37692006 PMCID: PMC10483900 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_285_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate and sensitive determination procedure has been established for the quantification of cefdinir in pure and pharmacological formulas. The approach was dependent on derivatizing cefdinir with sodium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (SAS) in an alkaline medium to produce a magenta-colored derivative with a maximum absorbance at 517 nm against the reagent blank. Different factors affecting the interaction of cefdinir with SAS were studied carefully and optimized, such as the buffer value, medium acidity, the duration of hydrolysis, and the reagent percentage. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9995 was obtained over the concentration range of cefdinir 0.5-100 μg/mL. The values of the parameters that represented the sensitivity of the method were satisfactory, i.e., the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, as well as Sandell's sensitivity (л) were 0.1 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, and 0.064 μg/cm2/0.001 Au, respectively. The relative standard deviation was below 1.35%, while the percentage recovery was 99.930%-102.257%. The mole ratio of the colored complex was estimated by following Job's method of continuous variation, which indicated that the cefdinir-SAS ratio was 1:1. The suggested approach was proven to be adequately accurate, precise, and without interfering with common excipients and additives. Thus, it could be implemented successfully for the standard determination of cefdinir in its pure and pharmaceutical forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalil Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Khalid Waleed S. Al-Janabi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasan Mohammed Luaibi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alossaimi MA, Altamimi ASA, Elmansi H, Magdy G. Green synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for the sensitive determination of larotrectinib in biological fluids and dosage forms: Evaluation of method greenness and selectivity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 300:122914. [PMID: 37257322 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the kinase receptor inhibitor drug larotrectinib has been approved as a monotherapy for the treatment of patients with solid tumors containing the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion. In this paper, a novel sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for the determination of larotrectinib based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) fluorescent probes. The proposed method is the first spectroscopic method for analysis of the cited drug, which is simple to implement and involves no pre-treatment steps or complicated techniques. The N-CQDs synthesis was performed by adopting a straightforward, fast, and environmentally friendly approach. It was achieved by means of a standard domestic microwave with inexpensive and readily available starting materials: orange juice (carbon source) and urea (nitrogen source). The synthesized N-CQDs were subjected to microscopic and spectroscopic characterization procedures. They were found to be stable with a sufficiently high fluorescence quantum yield (25.3%) and a small particle size distribution (2-5 nm). The motivation for the use of N-CQDs in this study arose from their excellent fluorescence intensities at 417 nm when excited at 325 nm. Larotrectinib was found to have a quantitative and selective quenching effect on the QDs fluorescence allowing for its sensitive determination. The drug's quenching mechanism was investigated and found to be of the static type. Under optimal conditions, the proposed approach permitted the determination of larotrectinib over the concentration interval of 5.0-28.0 µg/mL. The method showed sufficient sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.19 µg/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.57 µg/mL, enabling the determination of LARO in spiked human plasma samples. The approach's recovery percentage was found to be in the range of 99.09-100.73% for pure samples and 97.35-102.59% for plasma samples. The study also successfully applied the proposed approach to the commercial oral solution form of larotrectinib (Vitrakvi®) with high selectivity. Method greenness was further evaluated by adopting two metric tools, including the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREENNESS metric approach (AGREE), and it was confirmed to be excellent green. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the ICHQ2 (R1) recommendations and is considered an excellent candidate for potential application in the therapeutic monitoring of larotrectinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Alossaimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura P.O. Box 35516, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh P.O. Box 33511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Binkadem MS, AlSalem HS, Al-Goul ST, Alsaggaf WT, El Hamd MA, Abdel-Lateef MA. Development of Sٍٍensitive Spectrofluorimetric Methods for Determining Netilmicin Based on Selective Condensation Reactions of its Amine Moiety with each Acetylacetone/Formaldehyde and Ninhydrin/Phenylacetaldehyde Reagents. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 299:122839. [PMID: 37201330 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Netilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat infections caused by a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is pharmaceutically formulated in ophthalmic dosage forms. In this study, two spectrofluorimetric approaches were designed and developed to switch-on the fluorescence activity of NTC. The first method, or Hantzsch (HNZ) method, was relied on measuring the generated fluorescence intensity upon the condensation of NTC with acetylacetone and formaldehyde (Hantzsch reaction) at λemis=483 nm/λexcit=425.5 nm. While the second fluorometric method (NHD method) was relied on measuring the generated fluorescence intensity upon the condensation of NTC with ninhydrin/phenylacetaldehyde at λemis=482.2 nm/λexcit=385.8 nm. The reaction conditions for the two approaches were well investigated and optimized. The selectivity study for the methods was investigated by determining NTC in the presence of the co-formulated drug (dexamethasone) and pharmaceutical excipients. The validation for two approaches was performed based on ICH guidelines, and ranges of linearity were 0.1-1.2 and 1.5-6.0 µg/mL, while LOD values were 0.039 and 0.207 µg/mL for the HNZ method and the NHD method, respectively. Finally, NTC has been determined in different ophthalmic preparations by the proposed approaches with adequate recovery values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saad Binkadem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Talal Al-Goul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 42906, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Wang M, Yang G, Wang YY. Fabrication of the Antibiotic Sensor by the Multifunctional Stable Adjustable Luminescent Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4735-4744. [PMID: 36869870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the irrational use of antibiotics has become very widespread. It is necessary to regulate this phenomenon through antibiotic detection. In this work, a series of isomorphic Ln-MOFs (Ln = Tb3+ and Eu3+) were synthesized from 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3L) and Ln3+ by the solvothermal method for the first time. A series of 1-EuxTb1-x with different luminescence were doped by changing the molar ratio of Tb3+ and Eu3+. Ln3+ forms a 4-connected 2D network structure through self-assembly with fully deprotonated L3-. It shows good chemical stability in water, and its luminescence is not affected by aqueous solutions with different pH values. 1-Eu demonstrates rapid and sensitive detection capabilities for MDZ and TET with good recyclability and low detection limits (10-5). In order to increase the practicability of 1-Eu, two portable sensors have been prepared, in which the fluorescent film (Film@1-Eu) has a detection limit of 10-4, and the sensitivity is only less than 10% of the titration results. A portable fluorescent test paper can reach the detection limit of 14.7 ppm. This study provides a new idea for the application of stable multifunctional materials in the field of fluorescence sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mostafa EA, Elkady EF, El-Didamoony MA, Batakoushy HA. A Turn-On–Type Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Eco-friendly Method for Nitazoxanide Quantification in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Spiked Plasma: Evaluation of Greenness Profile Using Different Assessment Tools. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:973-985. [PMID: 36542223 PMCID: PMC10140099 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA brand-new class of anti-infective drugs that work against bacteria, viruses, and protozoan parasites is nitazoxanide and related thiazolides. Thiazolides have also been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells in recent years. In this study, an eco-friendly, spectrofluorimetric technique that is verified, easy, and sensitive has been proposed for quantifying nitazoxanide (NTZ), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug. When NTZ is reduced with zinc (Zn) powder in an acidic media, a highly fluorescent product is produced. To get the highest sensitivity, different experimental conditions impacting the response were examined and optimized. Following excitation at 299 nm, scanning of the fluorescent product was done at 440 nm. The intensity of the fluorescence was proportional to the drug concentration in the range of 0.1–0.6 μg/mL. The approach was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, and the outcome was satisfactory. The detection and quantitation limits were calculated to be 0.013 and 0.038 μg/mL, respectively. The suggested technique was successful in analyzing commercially available NTZ dosage forms. Furthermore, the proposed technique was used to assess NTZ levels in human plasma and it was bio-analytically validated according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. The suggested method can be used in quality control laboratories as well as in pharmacokinetic studies. In order to picture the green profile of the developed method, four greenness assessment tools have been applied. National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), analytical Eco-Scale Assessment (ESA), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness metric (AGREE) are the relatively most widely used metrics. So, they were utilized to perform a detailed greenness comparison between the proposed method and some of the reported methods for the determination of NTZ. The developed method was found to be an excellent green method with the highest AGREE score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ehab F Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Hany A Batakoushy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, 32511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu X, Li M, Wang R, Tian F, Chen Y. Influence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and H2O on Hantzsch Reaction and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Masoudyfar Z, Elhami S. Surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles as a colorimetric sensor for indirect detection of Cefixime. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 211:234-238. [PMID: 30553146 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a colorimetric sensor with excellent sensitivity to detect Cefixime base on gold nanoparticles. Cefixime is an antibiotic which has a wide range of applications in medicine. Cefixime did not change the surface plasmon resonance bond in gold nanoparticles solution; therefore, there was no change in the color solution of gold nanoparticles. The presence of Alizarin Red S in the system was necessary for the degradation of Cefixime, resulting in the aggregation of gold nanoparticles and a color change from red to blue. As a result of aggregation, the localized surface plasmon resonance band of gold nanoparticles decreased to around 525 nm and a new red-shifted band at 640 nm appeared which increases gradually as the function of Cefixime concentration. A unique detection limit (2.5 ng mL-1) was achieved for Cefixime in comparison with other colorimetric methods. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for 40.0 and 140.0 ng mL-1 of Cefixime were 2.6 and 1.8% for intra-day respectively. A possible mechanism was discussed for the surface plasmon resonance changes of AuNPs in the presence of Cefixime. The proposed method was applied to detect Cefixime in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results. This system is low-cost and is highly sensitive with no need for any preconcentration steps or using any expensive or sophisticated instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Masoudyfar
- Department of Chemistry, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Elhami
- Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|