1
|
Zhao Y, Xu J, Hong J, Xu X, Fan H, Zhang J, Li D, Chen J, Wu Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Tan S. Behavioral evidence of impaired self-referential processing in patients with affective disorders and first-episode schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10754. [PMID: 38730229 PMCID: PMC11087487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the critical role of self-disturbance in psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, its diverse behavioral manifestations remain poorly understood. This investigation aimed to elucidate unique patterns of self-referential processing in affective disorders and first-episode schizophrenia. A total of 156 participants (41 first-episode schizophrenia [SZ], 33 bipolar disorder [BD], 44 major depressive disorder [MDD], and 38 healthy controls [HC]) engaged in a self-referential effect (SRE) task, assessing trait adjectives for self-descriptiveness, applicability to mother, or others, followed by an unexpected recognition test. All groups displayed preferential self- and mother-referential processing with no significant differences in recognition scores. However, MDD patients showed significantly enhanced self-referential recognition scores and increased bias compared to HC, first-episode SZ, and BD. The present study provides empirical evidence for increased self-focus in MDD and demonstrates that first-episode SZ and BD patients maintain intact self-referential processing abilities. These findings refine our understanding of self-referential processing impairments across psychiatric conditions, suggesting that it could serve as a supplementary measure for assessing treatment response in first-episode SZ and potentially function as a discriminative diagnostic criterion between MDD and BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyue Hong
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Xu
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxu Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxue Wu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye JY, Qin XJ, Cui JF, Jia LX, Shi HS, Yang TX, Lui SSY, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Mental time travel for self and others in individuals with a high level of schizotypy. Psych J 2023; 12:524-534. [PMID: 36653195 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to project oneself to the past or future through mental simulation. Moreover, MTT can involve self-related or other-related information. This study aimed to compare MTT in individuals with high levels of schizotypy and that in their counterparts with low levels of schizotypy. Participants with high (n = 37) and low (n = 37) levels of schizotypy completed an MTT task with four conditions [2 (Condition: self vs. other) × 2 (Time orientation: past vs. future)]. They were required to recall past events that had happened to themselves or to a non-intimate person, and to imagine possible future events that might happen to themselves or to a non-intimate person, related to cue words. Outcome measures included specificity, vividness, sense of experience, emotional valence, emotional intensity, proportion of first-person visual perspective in events, and difficulty in event generation. A 2 (Group: high vs. low levels of schizotypy) × 2 (Condition) × 2 (Time orientation) mixed analysis of variance was conducted on each index. Results showed that self-related MTT was more specific than other-related MTT in low levels of schizotypy participants but not in high levels of schizotypy participants. Participants with a high level of schizotypy reported fewer specific events, and reported events with lower vividness and positive emotion than did those with a low level of schizotypy. Self-related MTT showed higher levels of phenomenological characteristics than did other-related MTT. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of schizotypy have altered MTT, and cannot benefit from the self-advantage effect on the specificity of MTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Qin
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Research Center for Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Xia Jia
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Shi
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guerrin CGJ, Shoji A, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Immune Activation in Pregnant Rats Affects Brain Glucose Consumption, Anxiety-like Behaviour and Recognition Memory in their Male Offspring. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:740-749. [PMID: 35380336 PMCID: PMC9581871 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prenatal infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for schizophrenia, as well as for other developmental psychiatric disorders, such as autism and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia patients were reported to have altered brain metabolism and neuroinflammation. However, the link between prenatal infection, altered brain inflammation and metabolism, and schizophrenia remains unclear. In this project, we aimed to evaluate whether there are changes in brain glucose consumption and microglia activation in the offspring of pregnant rats exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA), and if so, whether these changes occur before or after the initiation of schizophrenia-like behaviour. Procedures Pregnant rats were treated with the viral mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (MIA group) or saline (control group) on gestational day 15. Static PET scans of the male offspring were acquired on postnatal day (PND) 21, 60, and 90, using [11C]-PK11195 and deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) as tracers to measure TSPO expression in activated microglia and brain glucose consumption, respectively. On PND60 and PND90, anxiety-like behaviour, recognition memory, and sensorimotor gating were measured using the open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NOR), and prepulse inhibition test (PPI). Results [18F]-FDG PET demonstrated that MIA offspring displayed higher brain glucose consumption in the whole brain after weaning (p = 0.017), and in the frontal cortex during late adolescence (p = 0.001) and adulthood (p = 0.037) than control rats. [11C]-PK11195 PET did not reveal any changes in TSPO expression in MIA offspring. Prenatal infection induced age-related behavioural alterations. Adolescent MIA offspring displayed a more anxious state in the OFT than controls (p = 0.042). Adult MIA offspring showed recognition memory deficits in the NOR (p = 0.003). Our study did not show any PPI deficits. Conclusions Our results suggest that prenatal immune activation changed neurodevelopment, resulting in increased brain glucose consumption, but not in microglia activation. The increased brain glucose consumption in the frontal cortex of MIA offspring remained until adulthood and was associated with increased anxiety-like behaviour during adolescence and recognition memory deficits in adulthood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-022-01723-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien G J Guerrin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Shoji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Liu T, Shi Z, Tan S, Suo D, Dai C, Wang L, Wu J, Funahashi S, Liu M. Impaired Self-Referential Cognitive Processing in Bipolar Disorder: A Functional Connectivity Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:754600. [PMID: 35197839 PMCID: PMC8859154 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.754600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder have deficits in self-referenced information. The brain functional connectivity during social cognitive processing in bipolar disorder is unclear. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 23 patients with bipolar disorder and 19 healthy comparison subjects. We analyzed the time-frequency distribution of EEG power for each electrode associated with self, other, and font reflection conditions and used the phase lag index to characterize the functional connectivity between electrode pairs for 4 frequency bands. Then, the network properties were assessed by graph theoretic analysis. The results showed that bipolar disorder induced a weaker response power and phase lag index values over the whole brain in both self and other reflection conditions. Moreover, the characteristic path length was increased in patients during self-reflection processing, whereas the global efficiency and the node degree were decreased. In addition, when discriminating patients from normal controls, we found that the classification accuracy was high. These results suggest that patients have impeded integration of attention, memory, and other resources of the whole brain, resulting in a deficit of efficiency and ability in self-referential processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang,
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Miaomiaos Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alejandre-Lara AL, Canby NK, Wesbecher KD, Eichel K, Britton WB, Lindahl JR. How do Mindfulness-Based Programs Improve Depression Symptoms: Selflessness, Valence, or Valenced Self? Cogn Ther Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
6
|
Ferrer-Quintero M, Green MF, Horan WP, Penn DL, Kern RS, Lee J. The effect of sex on social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia. NPJ Schizophr 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34853324 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Social cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and plays a critical role in poor community functioning in the disorder. However, our understanding of the relationship between key biological variables and social cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is limited. This study examined the effect of sex on the levels of social cognitive impairment and the relationship between social cognitive impairment and social functioning in schizophrenia. Two hundred forty-eight patients with schizophrenia (61 female) and 87 healthy controls (31 female) completed five objective measures and one subjective measure of social cognition. The objective measures included the Facial Affect Identification, Emotion in Biological Motion, Self-Referential Memory, MSCEIT Branch 4, and Empathic Accuracy tasks. The subjective measure was the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which includes four subscales. Patients completed measures of social and non-social functional capacity and community functioning. For objective social cognitive tasks, we found a significant sex difference only on one measure, the MSCEIT Branch 4, which in both patient and control groups, females performed better than males. Regarding the IRI, females endorsed higher empathy-related items on one subscale. The moderating role of sex was found only for the association between objective social cognition and non-social functional capacity. The relationship was stronger in male patients than female patients. In this study, we found minimal evidence of a sex effect on social cognition in schizophrenia across subjective and objective measures. Sex does not appear to moderate the association between social cognition and functioning in schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamilton A, Northoff G. Abnormal ERPs and Brain Dynamics Mediate Basic Self Disturbance in Schizophrenia: A Review of EEG and MEG Studies. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:642469. [PMID: 33912085 PMCID: PMC8072007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.642469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interest in disordered sense of self in schizophrenia has recently re-emerged in the literature. It has been proposed that there is a basic self disturbance, underlying the diagnostic symptoms of schizophrenia, in which the person's sense of being a bounded individual continuous through time loses stability. This disturbance has been documented phenomenologically and at the level of cognitive tasks. However, the neural correlates of basic self disorder in schizophrenia are poorly understood. Methods: A search of PubMed was used to identify studies on self and schizophrenia that reported EEG or MEG data. Results: Thirty-three studies were identified, 32 using EEG and one using MEG. Their operationalizations of the self were divided into six paradigms: self-monitoring for errors, proprioception, self-other integration, self-referential processing, aberrant salience, and source monitoring. Participants with schizophrenia were less accurate on self-referential processing tasks and had slower response times across most studies. Event-related potential amplitudes differed across many early and late components, with reduced N100 suppression in source monitoring paradigms being the most replicated finding. Several studies found differences in one or more frequency band, but no coherent overall finding emerged in this area. Various other measures of brain dynamics also showed differences in single studies. Only some of the study designs were adequate to establish a causal relationship between the self and EEG or MEG measures. Conclusion: The broad range of changes suggests a global self disturbance at the neuronal level, possibly carried over from the resting state. Further studies that successfully isolate self-related effects are warranted to better understand the temporal-dynamic and spatial-topographic basis of self disorder and its relationship to basic self disturbance on the phenomenological level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Hamilton
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Unit, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwok SC, Xu X, Duan W, Wang X, Tang Y, Allé MC, Berna F. Autobiographical and episodic memory deficits in schizophrenia: A narrative review and proposed agenda for research. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 83:101956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li D, Xiao C, Tan S, Zhang D. Impaired Emotional Self-Referential Processing in First-Episode Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:591401. [PMID: 33897479 PMCID: PMC8058190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in self-representation are relevant to the expression of psychosis. To date, the characteristics and neural mechanisms of self-impairment in schizophrenia remain unclear. To this end, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure brain activity in 56 first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 56 healthy controls. Participants judged personal trait adjectives regarding themselves, their mothers, or a public person, followed by an unexpected old/new recognition test. The recognition score for mother-reference adjectives was lower than that for self-reference adjectives in patients, while the control group showed comparatively high recognition scores for both self- and mother-referential adjectives. In addition, control subjects recognized more negative words, while patients remembered more positive words. ERP data revealed that controls exhibited typical task effects (self-reference = mother-reference > other-reference) during both automatic attention and effortful encoding periods [indexed by P2 and the late positive potential (LPP), respectively]. In contrast, patients only exhibited the task effect in the P2 amplitude. Moreover, controls exhibited larger P2 amplitudes during encoding negative than positive words, whereas patients had enhanced LPP amplitudes during memory retrieval of positive compared to negative words. These findings demonstrated self-representation dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenic patients in mother (the intimate other) referential processing and the absence of a negative memory bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sullivan DR, Salat DH, Wolf EJ, Logue MW, Fortier CB, Fonda JR, DeGutis J, Esterman M, Milberg WP, McGlinchey RE, Miller MW. Interpersonal early life trauma is associated with increased cerebral perfusion and poorer memory performance in post-9/11 veterans. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102365. [PMID: 32777702 PMCID: PMC7417939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IP-ELT is associated with greater cerebral perfusion in the right inferior/middle temporal gyrus. Cerebral perfusion mediates the relationship between IP-ELT and memory, not attention or executive function. PTSD diagnosis and severity were not significantly associated with cerebral perfusion. Other factors relevant to perfusion did not influence the relationship between IP-ELT and cerebral perfusion.
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is critically important in the overall maintenance of brain health, and disruptions in normal flow have been linked to the degradation of the brain’s structural integrity and function. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of CBF as a link between psychiatric disorders and brain integrity. Although interpersonal early life trauma (IP-ELT) is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders and has been linked to disruptions in brain structure and function, the mechanisms through which IP-ELT alters brain integrity and development remain unclear. The goal of this study was to understand whether IP-ELT was associated with alterations in CBF assessed during adulthood. Further, because the cognitive implications of perfusion disruptions in IP-ELT are also unclear, this study sought to investigate the relationship between IP-ELT, perfusion, and cognition. Methods: 179 Operations Enduring Freedom/Iraqi Freedom/New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) Veterans and military personnel completed pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging, clinical interviews, the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ), and a battery of neuropsychological tests that were used to derive attention, memory, and executive function cognitive composite scores. To determine whether individuals were exposed to an IP-ELT, events on the TLEQ that specifically queried interpersonal trauma before the age of 18 were tallied for each individual. Analyses compared individuals who reported an interpersonal IP-ELT (IP-ELT+, n = 48) with those who did not (IP-ELT-, n = 131). Results: Whole brain analyses revealed that IP-ELT+ individuals had significantly greater CBF in the right inferior/middle temporal gyrus compared to those in the IP-ELT- group, even after controlling for age, sex, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Further, perfusion in the right inferior/middle temporal gyrus significantly mediated the relationship between IP-ELT and memory, not attention or executive function, such that those with an IP-ELT had greater perfusion, which, in turn, was associated with poorer memory. Examination of other clinical variables such as current PTSD diagnosis and severity as well as the interaction between IP-ELT and PTSD yielded no significant effects. Conclusions: These results extend prior work demonstrating an association between ELT and cerebral perfusion by suggesting that increased CBF may be an important neural marker with cognitive implications in populations at risk for psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David H Salat
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine B Fortier
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Esterman
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Attention and Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P Milberg
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Regina E McGlinchey
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yi C, Chen C, Si Y, Li F, Zhang T, Liao Y, Jiang Y, Yao D, Xu P. Constructing large-scale cortical brain networks from scalp EEG with Bayesian nonnegative matrix factorization. Neural Netw 2020; 125:338-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Clarkson T, Kang E, Capriola-Hall N, Lerner MD, Jarcho J, Prinstein MJ. Meta-Analysis of the RDoC Social Processing Domain across Units of Analysis in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2019; 49:297-321. [PMID: 31799882 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1678167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis advances a framework to understand correspondence among units of analysis of the social processing construct within Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). METHOD As requested for this special issue, eligible studies cited an RDoC-initiative paper or mentioned RDoC in the abstract, title, or keywords were empirical and peer reviewed, and described a correlation or regression analysis (r, β, or odds ratio) between two different units of analysis in the social processing domain in youth. We examined the frequency (descriptive statistics) and magnitude of correspondence between unit-pairs (random effects models), and predefined moderators (meta-regression). RESULTS Eight of the twenty-eight possible unit-by-unit pairs were identified, with subjective-by-behavior units being the most common. Of those, only subjective-by-circuit had significant correspondence between units. Moderator analysis revealed that the age and diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder moderated correspondence between subjective-by-circuit units of analysis, and that a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder moderated correspondence between subjective-by-gene units of analysis. Younger ages and inclusion of either diagnostic group reduced correspondence. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the RDoC initiative has generated limited research within the social processing domain across units of analysis in youth to date. Moreover, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded studies do not appear to be biased toward supporting the RDoC framework. However, the limited number of included studies precludes the generalizability of these findings and underscores the need for further research. Despite this, results suggest that the NIMH model for providing standard batteries of measurement tools may effectively reduce spurious correlations between subjective-by-behavior units of analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia S, Liu M, Huang P, Zhao Y, Tan S, Go R, Yan T, Wu J. Abnormal Alpha Rhythm During Self-Referential Processing in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:691. [PMID: 31632304 PMCID: PMC6779928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibited a psychological abnormal appearance when they recognized objects related to themselves. This cognitive process is associated with self-referential processing. In this study, the self-referential memory (SRM) task was performed by 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 healthy controls. In the encoding stage of the SRM task, the behavioral experiment data and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded in three experimental conditions (self-referential condition, other-referential condition, and physical condition). For data analysis, the electrophysiological performance of the time-frequency distribution, phase lag index (PLI) strengths, phase synchronization connectivity, and brain-network properties were assessed in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. We found that schizophrenia patients exhibited abnormal alpha oscillation characteristics at the time of 100-300 ms poststimulus during the self-referential condition, which consisted of diminished time-frequency distributions over the prefrontal, parietal, and occipital regions; lower functional connectivity strengths of the PLI in the parietal and occipital areas; higher global efficiency and the lower characteristic path length; and nodal efficiency of local areas (increased nodal efficiency in temporal regions and decreased nodal efficiency in occipital region) for dynamic network topology properties. Furthermore, the evoked power of the alpha band during the self-referential condition was significantly correlated with the SRM bias score in the patients (r = 0.595, p = 0.009). These results provided electrophysiological evidence and supported the hypothesis that an abnormal alpha rhythm might be the principal factor of dysfunctional self-referential processing in schizophrenia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikui Jia
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peiwen Huang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ritsu Go
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klaunig MJ, Trask CL, Neis AM, Cohn JR, Chen X, Berglund AM, Cicero DC. Associations among domains of self-disturbance in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:187-194. [PMID: 29913377 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-disturbances are increasingly recognized as important, possibly even central, features of schizophrenia. However, little is known about the associations among different manifestations of self-disturbances. The aims of the current study were threefold. We aimed to (1) replicate previous findings of increased self-disturbances in schizophrenia, (2) correlate manifestations of self-disturbances in schizophrenia across three domains, and (3) correlate self-disturbances with five symptoms domains of schizophrenia, including positive, negative, disorganized symptoms, excitement, and emotional distress. We examined three domains of self-experience, including somatosensation, anomalous self-experiences, and self-concept clarity. Participants included 48 individuals with schizophrenia and 36 non-psychiatric controls. The results of this study replicate previous findings of significantly higher levels of self-disturbances in people with schizophrenia. The results also indicate positive correlations between the domains of anomalous self-experiences and self-concept clarity, but not somatosensation, in individuals with schizophrenia. As well, anomalous self-experiences were positively correlated with positive symptoms, disorganized symptoms, and emotional distress and self-concept clarity was negatively correlated with disorganized symptoms and emotional distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J Klaunig
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christi L Trask
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Aaron M Neis
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jonathan R Cohn
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Alysia M Berglund
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dishon N, Oldmeadow JA, Critchley C, Kaufman J. The Effect of Trait Self-Awareness, Self-Reflection, and Perceptions of Choice Meaningfulness on Indicators of Social Identity within a Decision-Making Context. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2034. [PMID: 29250005 PMCID: PMC5714897 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Theorists operating from within a narrative identity framework have suggested that self-reflective reasoning plays a central role in the development of the self. Typically, however, narrative identity researchers have investigated this relationship using correlational rather than experimental methods. In the present study, leveraging on a classic research paradigm from within the social identity literature we developed an experiment to test the extent to which self-reflection might have a causal impact on the self-concept within a decision-making context. In a minimal group paradigm participants were prompted to reflect on their painting choices either before or after allocating points to in-group∖ out-group members. As anticipated, self-reflection augmented social identification, but only when participants felt their choices were personally meaningful. Participants who reasoned about their choices and felt they were subjectively meaningful showed stronger similarity and liking for in-group members compared to those who did not reflect on their choices or found them to be subjectively meaningless. Hence, reflecting on and finding meaning in one’s choices may be an important step in linking behavior with in-group identification and thus the self-concept in turn. The absence of any effects on in-group favoritism (a third indicator of social identification measured) as well as implications of the study’s findings for self-perception, cognitive dissonance and social identity processes are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Dishon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian A Oldmeadow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Critchley
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jimenez AM, Lee J, Wynn JK, Green MF. The neural correlates of self-referential memory encoding and retrieval in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2017; 109:19-27. [PMID: 29217224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced memory for self-oriented information is known as the self-referential memory (SRM) effect. fMRI studies of the SRM effect have focused almost exclusively on encoding, revealing selective engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during "self" relative to other processing conditions. Other critical areas for self-processing include ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and posterior cingulate/precuneus (PCC/PC). Previous behavioral studies show that individuals with schizophrenia fail to benefit from this memory boost. However, the neural correlates of this deficit, at either encoding or retrieval, are unknown. METHODS Twenty individuals with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls completed an event-related fMRI SRM paradigm. During encoding, trait adjectives were judged in terms of structural features ("case" condition), social desirability ("other" condition), or as self-referential ("self" condition). Participants then completed an unexpected recognition test (retrieval phase). We examined BOLD activation during both encoding and retrieval within mPFC, vlPFC, TPJ, and PCC/PC regions-of-interest (ROIs). RESULTS During encoding, fMRI data indicated both groups had greater activation during the "self" relative to the "other" condition across ROIs. Controls showed this primarily in mPFC whereas patients showed this in PCC/PC. During retrieval, fMRI data indicated controls showed differentiation across ROIs between "self" and "other" conditions, but patients did not. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest regional differences in the neural processing of self-referential information in individuals with schizophrenia, perhaps because representation of the self is not as well established in patients relative to controls. The current study presents novel findings that add to the literature implicating impaired self-oriented processing in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Jimenez
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael F Green
- Desert Pacific MIRECC, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miller DR, Logue MW, Wolf EJ, Maniates H, Robinson ME, Hayes JP, Stone A, Schichman S, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Miller MW. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity is associated with reduced default mode network connectivity in individuals with elevated genetic risk for psychopathology. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:632-640. [PMID: 28494120 PMCID: PMC5523965 DOI: 10.1002/da.22633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with disrupted default mode network (DMN) connectivity, but findings across studies have not been uniform. Individual differences in relevant genes may account for some of the reported variability in the relationship between DMN connectivity and PTSD. In this study, we investigated this possibility using genome-wide association study (GWAS) derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for relevant psychiatric traits. We hypothesized that the association between PTSD and DMN connectivity would be moderated by genetic risk for one or more psychiatric traits such that individuals with elevated polygenic risk for psychopathology and severe PTSD would exhibit disrupted DMN connectivity. METHODS Participants were 156 white, non-Hispanic veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan who were genotyped and underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessment. PRSs for neuroticism, anxiety, major depressive disorder, and cross-disorder risk (based on five psychiatric disorders) were calculated using summary statistics from published large-scale consortia-based GWASs. RESULTS Cross-disorder polygenic risk influenced the relationship between DMN connectivity and PTSD symptom severity such that individuals at greater genetic risk showed a significant negative association between PTSD symptom severity and connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and right middle temporal gyrus. Polygenic risk for neuroticism, anxiety, and major depressive disorder did not influence DMN connectivity directly or through an interaction with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Findings illustrate the potential power of genome-wide PRSs to advance understanding of the relationship between PTSD and DMN connectivity, a putative neural endophenotype of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Maniates
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan E. Robinson
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Steven Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System
| | - Regina E. McGlinchey
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William P. Milberg
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elsayed Eltaweel M, Ibrahim Y. Theory of mind deficits in symptom remittent schizophrenia: a state or a trait? Middle East Current Psychiatry 2017; 24:102-8. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xme.0000516723.00890.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
19
|
Fomina T, Weichwald S, Synofzik M, Just J, Schöls L, Schölkopf B, Grosse-Wentrup M. Absence of EEG correlates of self-referential processing depth in ALS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180136. [PMID: 28662161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-referential processing is a key cognitive process, associated with the serotonergic system and the default mode network (DMN). Decreased levels of serotonin and reduced activations of the DMN observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggest that self-referential processing might be altered in patients with ALS. Here, we investigate the effects of ALS on the electroencephalography correlates of self-referential thinking. We find that electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of self-referential thinking are present in healthy individuals, but not in those with ALS. In particular, thinking about themselves or others significantly modulates the bandpower in the medial prefrontal cortex in healthy individuals, but not in ALS patients. This finding supports the view of ALS as a complex multisystem disorder which, as shown here, includes dysfunctional processing of the medial prefrontal cortex. It points towards possible alterations of self-consciousness in ALS patients, which might have important consequences for patients’ self-conceptions, personal relations, and decision-making.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee J, Rizzo S, Altshuler L, Glahn DC, Miklowitz DJ, Sugar CA, Wynn JK, Green MF. Deconstructing Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: A cross-diagnostic cluster analysis of cognitive phenotypes. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:71-9. [PMID: 27888723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) show substantial overlap. It has been suggested that a subgroup of patients might contribute to these overlapping features. This study employed a cross-diagnostic cluster analysis to identify subgroups of individuals with shared cognitive phenotypes. METHOD 143 participants (68 BD patients, 39 SZ patients and 36 healthy controls) completed a battery of EEG and performance assessments on perception, nonsocial cognition and social cognition. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted with all participants across diagnostic groups. Clinical symptoms, functional capacity, and functional outcome were assessed in patients. RESULTS A two-cluster solution across 3 groups was the most stable. One cluster including 44 BD patients, 31 controls and 5 SZ patients showed better cognition (High cluster) than the other cluster with 24 BD patients, 35 SZ patients and 5 controls (Low cluster). BD patients in the High cluster performed better than BD patients in the Low cluster across cognitive domains. Within each cluster, participants with different clinical diagnoses showed different profiles across cognitive domains. LIMITATIONS All patients are in the chronic phase and out of mood episode at the time of assessment and most of the assessment were behavioral measures. CONCLUSIONS This study identified two clusters with shared cognitive phenotype profiles that were not proxies for clinical diagnoses. The finding of better social cognitive performance of BD patients than SZ patients in the Lowe cluster suggest that relatively preserved social cognition may be important to identify disease process distinct to each disorder.
Collapse
|
21
|
Oh J, Chun JW, Kim E, Park HJ, Lee B, Kim JJ. Aberrant neural networks for the recognition memory of socially relevant information in patients with schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00602. [PMID: 28127520 PMCID: PMC5256185 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with schizophrenia exhibit several cognitive deficits, including memory impairment. Problems with recognition memory can hinder socially adaptive behavior. Previous investigations have suggested that altered activation of the frontotemporal area plays an important role in recognition memory impairment. However, the cerebral networks related to these deficits are not known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the brain networks required for recognizing socially relevant information in patients with schizophrenia performing an old-new recognition task. METHODS Sixteen patients with schizophrenia and 16 controls participated in this study. First, the subjects performed the theme-identification task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this task, pictures depicting social situations were presented with three words, and the subjects were asked to select the best theme word for each picture. The subjects then performed an old-new recognition task in which they were asked to discriminate whether the presented words were old or new. Task performance and neural responses in the old-new recognition task were compared between the subject groups. An independent component analysis of the functional connectivity was performed. RESULTS The patients with schizophrenia exhibited decreased discriminability and increased activation of the right superior temporal gyrus compared with the controls during correct responses. Furthermore, aberrant network activities were found in the frontopolar and language comprehension networks in the patients. CONCLUSIONS The functional connectivity analysis showed aberrant connectivity in the frontopolar and language comprehension networks in the patients with schizophrenia, and these aberrations possibly contribute to their low recognition performance and social dysfunction. These results suggest that the frontopolar and language comprehension networks are potential therapeutic targets in patients with schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE) Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE) Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Gwangju Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea; Department of Psychiatry Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raffard S, Bortolon C, Burca M, Novara C, Gely-Nargeot MC, Capdevielle D, Van der Linden M. Self-imagination can enhance memory in individuals with schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016; 21:168-81. [PMID: 27022005 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1155438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has demonstrated that self-referential strategies can be applied to improve memory in various memory- impaired populations. However, little is known regarding the relative effectiveness of self-referential strategies in schizophrenia patients. The main aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new self-referential strategy known as self- imagination (SI) on a free recall task. METHODS Twenty schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls intentionally encoded words under five instructions: superficial processing, semantic processing, semantic self-referential processing, episodic self-referential processing and semantic self- imagining. Other measures included depression, psychotic symptoms and cognitive measures. RESULTS We found a SI effect in memory as self- imagining resulted in better performance in memory retrieval than semantic and superficial encoding in schizophrenia patients. The memory boost for self-referenced information in comparison to semantic processing was not found for other self-referential strategies. In addition no relationship between clinical variables and free recall performances was found. In controls, the SI condition did not result in better performance. The three self-referential strategies yielded better free recall than both superficial and semantic encoding. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of the clinical utility of self-imagining as a mnemonic strategy in schizophrenia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Raffard
- a Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier 3 , Montpellier , France.,b University Department of Adult Psychiatry , Hôpital de la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University , Montpellier , France
| | - Catherine Bortolon
- a Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier 3 , Montpellier , France.,b University Department of Adult Psychiatry , Hôpital de la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University , Montpellier , France
| | - Mariana Burca
- a Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier 3 , Montpellier , France
| | - Caroline Novara
- a Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier 3 , Montpellier , France
| | - Marie-Christine Gely-Nargeot
- a Epsylon Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors , University of Montpellier 3 , Montpellier , France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- b University Department of Adult Psychiatry , Hôpital de la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier-1 University , Montpellier , France.,c INSERM U-1061 , Montpellier , France
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- d Department of Psychology - Cognition and Behavior , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,e Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ricarte JJ, Ros L, Latorre JM, Watkins E. Mapping autobiographical memory in schizophrenia: Clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 51:96-108. [PMID: 27846438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that impaired autobiographical memory (AM) mechanisms may be associated with the onset and maintenance of psychopathology. However, there is not yet a comprehensive review of the components of autobiographical memory in schizophrenic patients. The first aim of this review is a synthesis of evidence about the functioning of AM in schizophrenic patients. The main autobiographical elements reviewed in schizophrenic patients include the study of overgeneral memory (form); self-defining memories (contents); consciousness during the process of retrieval (awareness), and the abnormal early reminiscence bump (distribution). AM impairments have been involved in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of other psychopathologies, especially depression. The second aim is to examine potential parallels between the mechanisms responsible for the onset and maintenance of disturbed AM in other clinical diagnosis and the mechanisms of disturbed autobiographical memory functioning in schizophrenic patients. Cognitive therapies for schizophrenic patients are increasingly demanded. The third aim is the suggestion of key elements for the adaptation of components of autobiographical recall in cognitive therapies for the treatment of symptoms and consequences of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - L Ros
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain.
| | - J M Latorre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete 02006, Spain
| | - E Watkins
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter and Sir Henry Welcome Building for Mood Disorders Research, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao Y, Luo W, Chen J, Zhang D, Zhang L, Xiao C, Fan F, Zhu X, Fan H, Tan S. Behavioral and neural correlates of self-referential processing deficits in bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24075. [PMID: 27052432 DOI: 10.1038/srep24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-referential processing is a core component of social cognition. However, few studies have focused on whether self-referential processing deficits present in bipolar disorder. The current study combined a high-time-resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique with the self-referential memory (SRM) task to evaluate self-referential processing in 23 bipolar patients and 27 healthy controls. All subjects showed a reliable SRM effect, but the bipolar group had poorer recognition scores for the self- and other-referential conditions. The bipolar group presented with smaller voltages in both the self- and other-referential conditions for the N1 (150-220 ms) and the P2 components (130-320 ms) but larger voltages in the positive slow wave (600-1600 ms) component. Larger P3 amplitudes were elicited in the self-referential condition compared with the other-referential condition in controls but not in bipolar patients. Additionally, non-psychotic bipolar patients had a comparative normal SRM effect which was abolished in psychotic bipolar patients; non-psychotic bipolar patients had larger amplitudes of the positive slow wave than the normal controls, whereas it was not differed between psychotic bipolar patients and the healthy subjects. The present study suggests that self- and other-referential processing is impaired in bipolar patients and the deficits may be more pronounced in psychotic bipolar patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Compère L, Mam-Lam-Fook C, Amado I, Nys M, Lalanne J, Grillon ML, Bendjemaa N, Krebs MO, Piolino P. Self-reference recollection effect and its relation to theory of mind: An investigation in healthy controls and schizophrenia. Conscious Cogn 2016; 42:51-64. [PMID: 26985882 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the links between the Self-Reference Effect (SRE) and Theory of Mind (ToM) in typical adults and patients with schizophrenia. Participants were assessed with a self-referential memory paradigm investigating the mnemonic effect of both semantic and episodic self-reference with a recognition task associated with the Remember/Know/Guess paradigm. They also completed a self-descriptive scale and shortened versions of the attribution of intention task and the reading the mind in the eyes test as measures of cognitive and affective ToM respectively. Unlike typical adults, the patients showed no semantic SRRE (correct recognition associated with remembering), and there was no episodic SRRE and no SRE (on the number of correct recognitions) in either group. Semantic SRRE was correlated with the affective ToM in patients and with the positivity of the self-concept in the healthy group. We discuss that patients and typical adults use different strategies during self and other-reflection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Compère
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Célia Mam-Lam-Fook
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France; Sainte-Anne Hospital, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Amado
- Sainte-Anne Hospital, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France; INSERM U894, Laboratory Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Diseases, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut de Psychiatrie - GDR 3557 CNRS, France
| | - Marion Nys
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Lalanne
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Grillon
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Narjes Bendjemaa
- Sainte-Anne Hospital, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France; INSERM U894, Laboratory Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Diseases, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Sainte-Anne Hospital, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France; INSERM U894, Laboratory Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Diseases, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Faculty of Medicine Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut de Psychiatrie - GDR 3557 CNRS, France
| | - Pascale Piolino
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institute of Psychology, Memory and Cognition Laboratory, Boulogne Billancourt, Paris, France; INSERM S894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institut de Psychiatrie - GDR 3557 CNRS, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Horan WP, Jimenez AM, Lee J, Wynn JK, Eisenberger NI, Green MF. Pain empathy in schizophrenia: an fMRI study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:783-92. [PMID: 26746181 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that schizophrenia is characterized by impaired empathy, several recent studies found intact neural responses on tasks measuring the affective subdomain of empathy. This study further examined affective empathy in 21 schizophrenia outpatients and 21 healthy controls using a validated pain empathy paradigm with two components: (i) observing videos of people described as medical patients who were receiving a painful sound stimulation treatment; (ii) listening to the painful sounds (to create regions of interest). The observing videos component incorporated experimental manipulations of perspective taking (instructions to imagine 'Self' vs 'Other' experiencing pain) and cognitive appraisal (information about whether treatment was 'Effective' vs 'Not Effective'). When considering activation across experimental conditions, both groups showed similar dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) activation while merely observing others in pain. However, there were group differences associated with perspective taking: controls showed relatively greater dACC and AI activation for the Self vs Other contrast whereas patients showed relatively greater activation in these and additional regions for the Other vs Self contrast. Although patients demonstrated grossly intact neural activity while observing others in pain, they showed more subtle abnormalities when required to toggle between imagining themselves vs others experiencing pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy M Jimenez
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael F Green
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tan S, Zhao Y, Fan F, Zou Y, Jin Z, Zen Y, Zhu X, Yang F, Tan Y, Zhou D. Brain Correlates of Self-Evaluation Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Combined Functional and Structural MRI Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138737. [PMID: 26406464 PMCID: PMC4583545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-evaluation plays an important role in adaptive functioning and is a process that is typically impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Underlying neural mechanisms for this dysfunction may be associated with manifested psychosis. However, the brain substrates underlying this deficit are not well known. The present study used brain blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and gray matter voxel-based morphometry to explore the functional and structural brain correlates of self-evaluation deficits in schizophrenia. Eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls were recruited and asked to judge whether a set of personality-trait adjectives were appropriate for describing themselves, a familiar other, or whether the adjectives were of positive or negative valence. Patients had slower response times for negative trait attributions than controls did; responses to positive trait attributions were faster than those for negative traits among the patient group, while no differences were observed in the control group. Control subjects showed greater activation within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than the patient group during the self-evaluation > semantic positivity-evaluation contrast. Patients showed greater activation mainly within the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC) as compared to controls for the other-evaluation > semantic positivity-evaluation contrast. Furthermore, gray matter volume was reduced in the MPFC, temporal lobe, cuneus, and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among the patient group when compared to controls. The present study adds to previous findings regarding self- and other-referential processing in schizophrenia, providing support for neurobiological models of self-reflection impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Tan
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yizhuang Zou
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
- * E-mail: (YZZ); (DFZ)
| | - Zhen Jin
- Magnetic Research Imaging Unit, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yawei Zen
- Magnetic Research Imaging Unit, The 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Fude Yang
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Center of Psychiatry Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhou
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- * E-mail: (YZZ); (DFZ)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social dysfunction is a hallmark characteristic of schizophrenia. Part of it may stem from an inability to efficiently encode social information into memory and retrieve it later. This study focused on whether patients with schizophrenia show a memory boost for socially relevant information and engage the same neural network as controls when processing social stimuli that were previously encoded into memory. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls performed a social and nonsocial picture recognition memory task while being scanned. We calculated memory performance using d'. Our main analysis focused on brain activity associated with recognition memory of social and nonsocial pictures. RESULTS Our study included 28 patients with schizophrenia and 26 controls. Healthy controls demonstrated a memory boost for socially relevant information. In contrast, patients with schizophrenia failed to show enhanced recognition sensitivity for social pictures. At the neural level, patients did not engage the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) as much as controls while recognizing social pictures. LIMITATIONS Our study did not include direct measures of self-referential processing. All but 3 patients were taking antipsychotic medications, which may have altered both the behavioural performance during the picture recognition memory task and brain activity. CONCLUSION Impaired social memory in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with altered DMPFC activity. A reduction of DMPFC activity may reflect less involvement of self-referential processes during memory retrieval. Our functional MRI results contribute to a better mapping of the neural disturbances associated with social memory impairment in patients with schizophrenia and may facilitate the development of innovative treatments, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Olivier Harvey
- Correspondence to: P.-O. Harvey, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal QC H4H 1R3;
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-referential memory (SRM) effect refers to the phenomenon that stimuli processed with reference to the self are better remembered than those referenced to others. Studies have shown that schizophrenia patients do not have this memorial advantage for self-referenced information. The current study investigated the electrophysiological mechanism of the abolished SRM effect in schizophrenia. METHOD Twenty schizophrenia patients and 22 controls were recruited to complete an SRM task. We used a high-time resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique to analyze the electrophysiological differences between patients and controls during self- and other-reflection processing. RESULTS Behavior data indicated that healthy controls had a typical SRM bias that was absent in the schizophrenia patients. ERP comparison between groups showed that the schizophrenia patients presented smaller voltages in both self- and other-reflection conditions in the 160-260 ms (P2 component) and 800-1200 ms (positive slow wave) time windows over the pre/frontal cortex. Furthermore, the N2 amplitudes (270-380 ms) differed between self- and other-reflection conditions in patients but not in normal controls. More importantly, we found that the P3 amplitudes in the parietal cortex correlated significantly with the SRM bias score in the patients (r = -0.688). CONCLUSIONS These results provide comprehensive and direct electrophysiological evidence for self- and other-reflective dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and contribute to our understanding of the underlying neural substrates of the abolished SRM effect in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - D Zhang
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, China
| | - S Tan
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - C Song
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - J Cui
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - F Fan
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - X Zhu
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Y Zou
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, China
| | - Y Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bedford NJ, David AS. Denial of illness in schizophrenia as a disturbance of self-reflection, self-perception and insight. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:89-96. [PMID: 23890596 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of schizophrenia patients deny aspects of their illness to others, which may indicate a deeper disturbance of 'insight' and a self-reflection deficit. The present study used a 'levels-of-processing' mnemonic paradigm to examine whether such patients engage in particularly brief and shallow self-reflection during mental illness-related self-evaluation. METHODS 26 schizophrenia patients with either an overall acceptance or denial of their illness and 25 healthy controls made timed decisions about the self-descriptiveness, other-person-descriptiveness and phonological properties of mental illness traits, negative traits and positive traits, before completing surprise tests of retrieval for these traits. RESULTS The acceptance patients and denial patients were particularly slow in their mental illness-related self-evaluation, indicating that they both found this exercise particularly difficult. Both patient groups displayed intact recognition but particularly reduced recall for self-evaluated traits in general, possibly indicating poor organisational processing during self-reflection. Lower recall for self-evaluated mental illness traits significantly correlated with higher denial of illness and higher illness-severity. Whilst explicit and implicit measures of self-perception corresponded in the healthy controls (who displayed an intact positive>negative 'self-positivity bias') and acceptance patients (who displayed a reduced self-positivity bias), the denial patients' self-positivity bias was explicitly intact but implicitly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients, regardless of their illness-attitudes, have a particular deficit in recalling new self-related information that worsens with increasing denial of illness. This deficit may contribute towards rigid self-perception and disturbed self-awareness and insight in patients with denial of illness.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hori H, Yamada K, Kamada D, Shibata Y, Katsuki A, Yoshimura R, Nakamura J. Effect of blonanserin on cognitive and social function in acute phase Japanese schizophrenia compared with risperidone. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:527-33. [PMID: 24707178 PMCID: PMC3971945 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s59861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the effectiveness of blonanserin (BNS) on the cognitive and social functions of patients with schizophrenia compared with risperidone (RIS) during acute-phase (8-week) treatment. METHODS A total of 39 schizophrenia inpatients were included in this study. The subjects received either BNS (N=20) or RIS (N=19), and the clinical responses were evaluated periodically. The concomitant use of mood stabilizers was not allowed. Efficacy was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia. Cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language version. Social function was assessed using the Life Assessment Scale for the Mentally Ill. RESULTS For both groups, each assessment exhibited a decrease in the mean change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The depression subscale was significantly improved in the BNS group compared with the RIS group at 8 weeks after administration. BNS improved verbal fluency and executive function (cognitive function) and daily living and work skills (social function). Compared with the RIS group, BNS was observed to improve daily living. CONCLUSION BNS may improve psychotic symptoms, cognitive function, and daily living in patients with acute-phase schizophrenia. BNS may be superior to RIS in the improvement of daily living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dan Kamada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Shibata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hovington CL, Bodnar M, Joober R, Malla AK, Lepage M. Impairment in verbal memory observed in first episode psychosis patients with persistent negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:223-9. [PMID: 23628602 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are present early on during the first episode of psychosis (FEP). The severity of these symptoms has been linked to cognitive deficits, including memory; however, its relationship with persistent negative symptoms (PNS) remains unclear. Thus, the goals of the current paper were to explore memory profiles in FEP patients identified as having PNS and to delineate this relationship in PNS over a 1-year period. Patients diagnosed as having a first episode of psychosis were segregated into groups of patients who met the criteria for PNS (N = 39) and patients who did not, or non-PNS (N = 97). At an initial assessment, all subjects were administered neurocognitive tests for three memory domains including verbal, visual and working memory. In addition, in FEP patients, clinical symptoms including negative, positive and depressive symptoms were also measured at the initial assessment as well as months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12. A significant interaction of memory × group was observed (F = 4.997, d.f. = 1,181, P = 0.002), with post hoc comparisons indicating that the PNS group performed more poorly than non-PNS only in the verbal memory domain. All three-memory domains remained stable over time. Hence, in comparison to non-PNS patients, FEP patients with PNS appear to have greater (selective) verbal memory impairments throughout the first year of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Hovington
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychoses, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee J, Altshuler L, Glahn DC, Miklowitz DJ, Ochsner K, Green MF. Social and nonsocial cognition in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: relative levels of impairment. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170:334-41. [PMID: 23450289 PMCID: PMC3869864 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relative extent of impairment in social and nonsocial cognitive domains in patients with bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects. METHODS Sixty-eight clinically stable outpatients with bipolar disorder, 38 clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia, and 36 healthy comparison subjects completed a range of social (facial affect perception, emotional regulation, empathic accuracy, mental state attribution, and self-referential memory) and nonsocial (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal memory, visual memory, and reasoning/problem solving) cognitive tasks. RESULTS For each social cognitive task, patients with bipolar disorder did not differ significantly from comparison subjects, and both groups performed better than schizophrenia patients. Within the bipolar group, clinical features and medication status were not related to social cognitive performance. Bipolar patients showed performance patterns across tasks (i.e., profiles) that were similar to those of comparison subjects on both social and nonsocial cognitive domains, whereas both groups differed from schizophrenia patients for both domains. Regarding relative impairment across the two cognitive domains, results revealed a significant group-by-domain interaction in which bipolar patients showed less impaired social than nonsocial cognition, while schizophrenia patients showed the opposite pattern. CONCLUSIONS Bipolar patients showed less impairment on social relative to nonsocial cognitive performance, whereas schizophrenia patients showed more impairment on social relative to nonsocial cognitive performance. These results suggest that these two cognitive domains play different roles in bipolar disorder compared with in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pinheiro AP, McCarley RW, Thompson E, Gonçalves OF, Niznikiewicz M. From semantics to feelings: how do individuals with schizophrenia rate the emotional valence of words? Schizophr Res Treatment 2012; 2012:431823. [PMID: 22966437 DOI: 10.1155/2012/431823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by both emotional and language abnormalities. However, in spite of reports of preserved evaluation of valence of affective stimuli, such as pictures, it is less clear how individuals with schizophrenia assess verbal material with emotional valence, for example, the overall unpleasantness/displeasure relative to pleasantness/attraction of a word. This study aimed to investigate how schizophrenic individuals rate the emotional valence of adjectives, when compared with a group of healthy controls. One hundred and eighty-four adjectives differing in valence were presented. These adjectives were previously categorized as "neutral," "positive" (pleasant), or "negative" (unpleasant) by five judges not participating in the current experiment. Adjectives from the three categories were matched on word length, frequency, and familiarity. Sixteen individuals with schizophrenia diagnosis and seventeen healthy controls were asked to rate the valence of each word, by using a computerized version of the Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley and Lang, 1994). Results demonstrated similar ratings of emotional valence of words, suggesting a similar representation of affective knowledge in schizophrenia, at least in terms of the valence dimension.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hooker CI, Bruce L, Lincoln SH, Fisher M, Vinogradov S. Theory of mind skills are related to gray matter volume in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:1169-78. [PMID: 21917239 PMCID: PMC3432316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among individuals with schizophrenia, deficits in theory of mind (ToM) skills predict poor social functioning. Therefore, identifying the neural basis of ToM may assist the development of treatments that improve social outcomes. Despite growing evidence that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) facilitates ToM skills among healthy individuals, methodological challenges, such as the influence of general cognitive deficits, have made it difficult to identify the relationship between ToM processing and VMPFC function in schizophrenia. METHODS We used voxel-based morphometry and a multi-method behavioral assessment of ToM processing, including performance-based (Recognition of Faux Pas Test), self-report (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Perspective-Taking), and interview-rated (Quality of Life Scale-Empathy score) ToM assessments, to investigate whether ToM skills were related to VMPFC gray matter volume (GMV). Standardized neuropsychological measures were used to assess global cognition. Twenty-one schizophrenia and 17 healthy control subjects participated. RESULTS Between-group behavioral analyses showed that, as compared with healthy participants, schizophrenia participants had worse ToM performance and lower self-reported ToM processing in daily life. The between-group analysis of GMV showed that schizophrenia participants had less VMPFC GMV than healthy participants. Moreover, among schizophrenia participants, all three measures of ToM processing were associated with VMPFC GMV, such that worse ToM skills were related to less VMPFC GMV. This association remained strong for self-reported and interview-rated ToM skills, even when controlling for the influence of global cognition. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that among individuals with schizophrenia, reduced VMPFC GMV is associated with deficits using ToM skills to enhance social relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine I. Hooker
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge MA 02138
,Corresponding Author: Christine Hooker, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 820 William James Hall, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge MA 02138, Phone: 617-496-7095, Fax: 617-495-3728,
| | - Lori Bruce
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Melissa Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco
,Department of Psychiatry, VA Medical Center San Francisco, Box 116C San Francisco CA 94143 – 116C
| | - Sophia Vinogradov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco
,Department of Psychiatry, VA Medical Center San Francisco, Box 116C San Francisco CA 94143 – 116C
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous behavioral studies have shown that schizophrenia patients have impaired theory of mind (ToM), the neural mechanisms associated with this impairment are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the neural mechanisms of ToM in schizophrenia, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a belief attribution task. METHODS In the scanner, 12 schizophrenia patients and 13 healthy control subjects performed the belief attribution task with three conditions: a false belief condition, a false photograph condition, and a simple reading condition. RESULTS For the false belief versus simple reading conditions, schizophrenia patients showed reduced neural activation in areas including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) compared with controls. Further, during the false belief versus false photograph conditions, we observed increased activations in the TPJ and the MPFC in healthy controls, but not in schizophrenia patients. For the false photograph versus simple reading condition, both groups showed comparable neural activations. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients showed reduced task-related activation in the TPJ and the MPFC during the false belief condition compared with controls, but not for the false photograph condition. This pattern suggests that reduced activation in these regions is associated with, and specific to, impaired ToM in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|