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Duan S, Wu Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Fang Y. Associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures with cardiovascular diseases mortality and all-cause mortality and the mediation role of phenotypic ageing: A time-to-event analysis. Environ Int 2024; 186:108616. [PMID: 38593687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and all-cause mortality are unclear, especially the joint effects of PAHs exposure. Meanwhile, no studies have examined the effect of phenotypic ageing on the relationship between PAHs and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the independent and joint associations between PAHs and CVDs, all-cause mortality, and assess whether phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) mediate this relationship. We retrospectively collected data of 11,983 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Firstly, Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate the independent association of single PAH on mortality. Further, time-dependent Probit extension of Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression and quantile-based g-computation models were conducted to test the joint effect of PAHs on mortality. Then, difference method was used to calculate the mediation proportion of PhenoAgeAccel in the association between PAHs and mortality. Our results revealed that joint exposure to PAHs showed positive association with CVDs and all-cause mortality. By controlling potential confounders, 1-Hydroxynapthalene (1-NAP) (HR = 1.24, P = 0.035) and 2-Hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU) (HR = 1.25, P < 0.001) showed positive association with CVDs mortality, and they were the top 2 predictors (weight: 0.82 for 1-NAP, 0.14 for 2-FLU) of CVDs mortality. 1-NAP (HR = 1.15, P < 0.001) and 2-FLU (HR = 1.13, P < 0.001) also showed positive association with all-cause mortality, and they were also the top 2 predictors of all-cause mortality (weight: 0.66 for 1-NAP, 0.34 for 2-FLU). PhenoAgeAccel mediated the relationship between 1-NAP, 2-FLU and CVDs, all-cause mortality, with a mediation proportion of 10.00 % to 24.90 % (P < 0.05). Specifically, the components of PhenoAgeAccel including C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percent, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width, and mean cell volume were the main contributors of mediation effects. Our study highlights the hazards of joint exposure of PAHs and the importance of phenotypic ageing on the relationship between PAHs and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Duan
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Lopes J, Marques-da-Silva D, Videira PA, Samhan-Arias AK, Lagoa R. Cardiolipin Membranes Promote Cytochrome c Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their In Vivo Metabolites. Molecules 2024; 29:1129. [PMID: 38474641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of cytochrome c (Cc) have captured great interest in respect to mitochondrial physiology and apoptosis, and hold potential for novel enzymatic bioremediation systems. Nevertheless, its contribution to the metabolism of environmental toxicants remains unstudied. Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with impactful diseases, and animal models have unveiled concerning signs of PAHs' toxicity to mitochondria. In this work, a series of eight PAHs with ionization potentials between 7.2 and 8.1 eV were used to challenge the catalytic ability of Cc and to evaluate the effect of vesicles containing cardiolipin mimicking mitochondrial membranes activating the peroxidase activity of Cc. With moderate levels of H2O2 and at pH 7.0, Cc catalyzed the oxidation of toxic PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene, anthracene, and benzo[a]anthracene, and the cardiolipin-containing membranes clearly increased the PAH conversions. Our results also demonstrate for the first time that Cc and Cc-cardiolipin complexes efficiently transformed the PAH metabolites 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxypyrene. In comparison to horseradish peroxidase, Cc was shown to reach more potent oxidizing states and react with PAHs with ionization potentials up to 7.70 eV, including pyrene and acenaphthene. Spectral assays indicated that anthracene binds to Cc, and docking simulations proposed possible binding sites positioning anthracene for oxidation. The results give support to the participation of Cc in the metabolism of PAHs, especially in mitochondria, and encourage further investigation of the molecular interaction between PAHs and Cc.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lopes
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research 'Sols-Morreale' (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Yang M, Lu Y, Mao W, Hao L. New insight into PAH4 induced hepatotoxicity and the dose-response assessment in rats model. Chemosphere 2024; 350:141042. [PMID: 38154670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PAH4 (sum of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[b]fluoranthene) has been proposed as better marker than benzo[a]pyrene to assess total PAHs exposure in foodstuffs. However, the toxicological behaviors of PAH4 combined exposure remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate PAH4 toxicity effects with non-targeted metabolomics approach and evaluate the external and internal dose-response relationships based on benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with vehicle (corn oil) or four doses of PAH4 (10, 50, 250, 1000 μg/kg·bw) for consecutive 30 days. After the final dose, the liver, blood and urine samples of rats were subsequently collected for testing. The concentrations of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) including 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHB[a]P), 3-hydroxychrysene (3-OHCHR) and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHB[a]A) were determined to reflect internal PAH4 exposure. Our results showed PAH4 exposure increased relative liver weight and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and caused hepatocyte swelling and degeneration, implying hepatotoxicity induced by PAH4. Serum metabolomics suggested PAH4 exposure perturbed lipid metabolism through upregulating the expression of glycerolipids metabolites, which was evidenced by markedly increased serum triglyceride (TG) level and hepatic TG content. Additionally, urinary OH-PAHs concentrations presented strong positive correlations with the external dose, indicating they were able to reflect PAH4 exposure. Furthermore, PAH4 exposure led to a dose-response increase of hepatic TG content, based on which the 95% lower confidence value of BMDs for external and internal doses were estimated as 5.45 μg/kg·bw and 0.11 μmol/mol·Cr, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested PAH4 exposure could induce hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism disorder, evaluating the involved dose-response relationships and providing a basis for the risk assessment of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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4
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Ben S, Li S, Gu D, Zhao L, Xu S, Ding Z, Chen S, Cheng Y, Xin J, Du M, Wang M. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects colorectal cancer susceptibility by regulating ERβ-mediated LINC02977 transcription. Environ Int 2024; 184:108443. [PMID: 38277997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced through the incomplete combustion of organic material. While PAHs have been investigated as genotoxicants, they can also operate through nongenotoxic pathways in estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancer. However, whether PAHs induce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through estrogenic effects is still illusive. Here, we systematically investigated the abnormal expression and activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) regulated by PAHs in CRC as well as the underlying mechanisms of ERβ-mediated CRC risk. Based on the 300 plasma samples from CRC patients and healthy controls detected by GC-MS/MS, we found that the plasma concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were significantly higher in CRC cases than in healthy controls, with significant estrogenic effects. Moreover, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)-induced deacetylation of the promoter decreases ERβ expression, which is associated with poor overall survival and advanced tumor stage. The study also revealed that BaP and estradiol (E2) had different carcinogenic effects, with BaP promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, while E2 had the opposite effects. Additionally, this study mapped ERβ genomic binding regions by performing ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq and identified genetic variants of rs1411680 and its high linkage disequilibrium SNP rs6477937, which were significantly associated with CRC risk through meta-analysis of two independent Chinese population genome-wide association studies comprising 2,248 cases and 3,173 controls and then validation in a large-scale European population. By integrating data from functional genomics, we validated the regulatory effect of rs6477937 as an ERβ binding-disrupting SNP that mediated allele-specific expression of LINC02977 in a long-range chromosomal interaction manner, which was found to be highly expressed in CRC tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the different active effects on ERβ by PAHs and endogenous E2 may play a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC and highlights the potential of targeting ERβ and its downstream targets for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ben
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shenya Xu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhutao Ding
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Silu Chen
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifei Cheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China.
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González N, Souza MCO, Cezarette GN, Rocha BA, Devoz PP, Dos Santos LC, Barcelos GRM, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Barbosa F. Evaluation of exposure to multiple organic pollutants in riparian communities of the Brazilian Amazon: Screening levels and potential health risks. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168294. [PMID: 37924872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants are widely distributed in the environment. Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, they tend to be biomagnified in food chains, mainly in aquatic organisms. Therefore, food consumption is a significant route of lifelong exposure. Although the Amazon River basin contains the highest freshwater biodiversity on Earth, there is scarce literature focusing on the levels of organic pollutants in the local population. The present study was aimed at assessing the levels of several environmental pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones) in urine samples from riverside communities along the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers in the Brazilian Amazon region. The results show a 100 % detection of naphthalene metabolites (namely, 1-hydroxy-naphthalene (1OH-NAP), 2-hydroxy-naphthalene (2OH-NAP)), with the highest levels belonging to benzylparaben (BzP) (17.3 ng/mL). Gender-specific analysis revealed that women had significantly higher levels of certain PAH metabolites (i.e., 1OH-NAP and 2-hydroxy-fluorene (2OH-FLU)) than men. In turn, most of the evaluated compounds were higher in urine samples from people living near the Amazon River, which presents increased traffic of boats and ships than the Tapajós River. On the other hand, the human health risk assessment suggested that all communities are at risk of suffering non-carcinogenic effects from exposure to PAHs. At the same time, they are also at risk of carcinogenic effects from exposure to benzo[a]pyrene metabolites. Thus, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the potential health effects of exposure to a mixture of these organic pollutants and other contaminants present in the area, such as mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Neves Cezarette
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves Rocha
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Pícoli Devoz
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cassulatti Dos Santos
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martí Nadal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Cafe s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Li Y, Fan Z, Lu W, Xu R, Liu T, Liu L, Chen G, Lv Z, Huang S, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Sun H. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer mortality: A difference-in-differences approach. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139800. [PMID: 37572709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The association of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure with cancer mortality was controversial, which may ascribe to the difference in PM2.5 constituents. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic constituents in PM2.5, which are suspected to account for PM2.5-induced cancer mortality but are yet to be investigated. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs and cancer mortality and estimate the attributable mortality. A difference-in-differences approach was used to investigate the causal effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs on cancer mortality. We divided Jiangsu province, China into 53 spatial units and summarized the annual number of cancer deaths in each spatial unit during 2016-2020. Annual population-weighted exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs of each spatial unit was assessed by an inverse distance weighting method. The association between PM2.5-bound PAHs exposures and cancer mortality was evaluated by controlling spatial differences, temporal trends, PM2.5 mass exposures, temperatures, and socioeconomic status. Records of 793,269 cancer deaths were identified among 84.7 million population. Each ln-unit increase of exposure to total benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (∑BaPeq), total carcinogenic PAHs (∑PAH7c), and total PAHs (∑PAHs) was significantly associated with a 3.21%, 3.48%, and 2.64% increased risk of cancer mortality, respectively; the risk increased monotonically at low-level exposures but attenuated or flattened afterward (all p for nonlinearity <0.05). Similar exposure-response associations were identified for specific PAHs except that the associations for both fluoranthene and benzo[a]anthracene were linear. We estimated that exposure to ∑BaPeq, ∑PAH7c, and ∑PAHs contributed to 5.73%, 8.73%, and 7.33% of cancer deaths, respectively. In conclusion, long-term exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs was associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality and contributed to substantial cancer deaths. Our findings highlight the importance to prevent deaths from cancer by reducing PM2.5-bound PAHs exposures and the necessity to take into consideration specific constituents in particulate pollution management in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Dai Y, Xu X, Huo X, Faas MM. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 262:115314. [PMID: 37536008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zhao X, Gao J, Zhai L, Yu X, Xiao Y. Recent Evidence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1958. [PMID: 37444793 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive conclusion of the relationship between the intake of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and different dietary patterns, pointing to the accompanying potential health risks. To achieve this, existing pertinent research was collected and analyzed. The collation revealed that the concentration of PAHs in food and their dietary patterns were diverse in different regions. Specifically, the concentration of PAHs in food was found to be related to the level of pollution in the area, including soil, air, and water pollution, which is then accumulated through the food chain into food that can be ingested directly by the human body, resulting in malformations in offspring, increased risk of cancer, and gene mutation. Guidebooks and dietary surveys were consulted to uncover disparities in dietary patterns, which indicated regional variations in taste preferences, traditional foods, and eating habits. Different regions are spatially categorized in this assessment by cities, countries, and continents. Notably, smoking and grilling are two of the food processing methods most likely to produce high levels of PAHs. To prevent excessive intake of PAHs from food items and attain a higher quality of life, more health education is urgently needed to promote healthy eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jiuhe Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Lingzi Zhai
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, China
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Yang X, Zhou H, Zhang H, Zhang P, Zheng Z, Xu D, Zeng Q. Association between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and severe abdominal aortic calcification in adults: data from the National Health and Examination Nutrition Survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:104. [PMID: 36823527 PMCID: PMC9948318 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have found that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to explore the association between PAHs exposure and severe abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in adults. METHODS Data were collected from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PAHs exposure was analyzed from urinary mono hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs. Logistic regression models and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the association of PAHs exposure with severe AAC prevalence. RESULTS A total of 1,005 eligible individuals were recruited into the study. After adjusting for confounding factors, those with the highest quartiles of 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP: OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.03-4.68, Pfor trend < 0.001), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP: OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.04-4.64, Pfor trend < 0.001) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR: OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.06-4.33, Pfor trend < 0.001) were associated with an increased prevalence of severe AAC in the adults compared to those who in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION This study found that urinary 1-NAP, 2-NAP and 1-PYR were positively associated with severe AAC prevalence in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haobin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peijian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhikang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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