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Jalalkamali H, Tajik A, Hatami R, Nezamabadipour H. Detecting how time is subjectively perceived based on event-related potentials (ERPs): a machine learning approach. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:372-380. [PMID: 35848165 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Time perception is essential for the precise performance of many of our activities and the coordination between different modalities. But it is distorted in many diseases and disorders. Event-related potentials (ERP) have long been used to understand better how the human brain perceives time, but machine learning methods have rarely been used to detect a person's time perception from his/her ERPs. Methods: In this study, EEG signals of the individuals were recorded while performing an auditory oddball time discrimination task. After features were extracted from ERPs, data balancing, and feature selection, machine learning models were used to distinguish between the oddball durations of 400 ms and 600 ms from standard durations of 500 ms. ERP results showed that the P3 evoked by the 600 ms oddball stimuli appeared about 200 ms later than that of the 400 ms oddball tones. Classification performance results indicated that support vector machine (SVM) outperformed K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Random Forest, and Logistic regression models. Results: The accuracy of SVM was 91.24, 92.96, and 89.9 for the three used labeling modes, respectively. Another important finding was that most features selected for classification were in the P3 component range, supporting the observed significant effect of duration on the P3. Although all N1, P2, N2, and P3 components contributed to detecting the desired durations. Conclusion: Therefore, results of this study suggest the P3 component as a potential candidate to detect sub-second periods in future researches on brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Jalalkamali
- Computer Engineering Group, Higher Education Complex of Zarand, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Tajik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rashid Hatami
- ICT Group, National Iranian Copper Industries Co. (NICICO), Sarcheshme, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Nezamabadipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Öztel T, Balcı F. Metric error monitoring as a component of metacognitive processing. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:807-821. [PMID: 37941152 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metacognitive processing constitutes one of the contemporary target domains in consciousness research. Error monitoring (the ability to correctly report one's own errors without feedback) is considered one of the functional outcomes of metacognitive processing. Error monitoring is traditionally investigated as part of categorical decisions where choice accuracy is a binary construct (choice is either correct or incorrect). However, recent studies revealed that this ability is characterized by metric features (i.e., direction and magnitude) in temporal, spatial, and numerical domains. Here, we discuss methodological approaches to investigating metric error monitoring in both humans and non-human animals and review their findings. The potential neural substrates of metric error monitoring measures are also discussed. This new scope of metacognitive processing can help improve our current understanding of conscious processing from a new perspective. Thus, by summarizing and discussing the perspectives, findings, and common applications in the metric error monitoring literature, this paper aims to provide a guideline for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Öztel
- Psychology Department, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fuat Balcı
- Psychology Department, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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3
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Jensen KM, Calhoun VD, Fu Z, Yang K, Faria AV, Ishizuka K, Sawa A, Andrés-Camazón P, Coffman BA, Seebold D, Turner JA, Salisbury DF, Iraji A. A whole-brain neuromark resting-state fMRI analysis of first-episode and early psychosis: Evidence of aberrant cortical-subcortical-cerebellar functional circuitry. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103584. [PMID: 38422833 PMCID: PMC10944191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Psychosis (including symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized conduct/speech) is a main feature of schizophrenia and is frequently present in other major psychiatric illnesses. Studies in individuals with first-episode (FEP) and early psychosis (EP) have the potential to interpret aberrant connectivity associated with psychosis during a period with minimal influence from medication and other confounds. The current study uses a data-driven whole-brain approach to examine patterns of aberrant functional network connectivity (FNC) in a multi-site dataset comprising resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) from 117 individuals with FEP or EP and 130 individuals without a psychiatric disorder, as controls. Accounting for age, sex, race, head motion, and multiple imaging sites, differences in FNC were identified between psychosis and control participants in cortical (namely the inferior frontal gyrus, superior medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, posterior cingulate cortex, and superior and middle temporal gyri), subcortical (the caudate, thalamus, subthalamus, and hippocampus), and cerebellar regions. The prominent pattern of reduced cerebellar connectivity in psychosis is especially noteworthy, as most studies focus on cortical and subcortical regions, neglecting the cerebellum. The dysconnectivity reported here may indicate disruptions in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry involved in rudimentary cognitive functions which may serve as reliable correlates of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Jensen
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreia V Faria
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian A Coffman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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Reinartz S, Fassihi A, Ravera M, Paz L, Pulecchi F, Gigante M, Diamond ME. Direct contribution of the sensory cortex to the judgment of stimulus duration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1712. [PMID: 38402290 PMCID: PMC10894222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Decision making frequently depends on monitoring the duration of sensory events. To determine whether, and how, the perception of elapsed time derives from the neuronal representation of the stimulus itself, we recorded and optogenetically modulated vibrissal somatosensory cortical activity as male rats judged vibration duration. Perceived duration was dilated by optogenetic excitation. A second set of rats judged vibration intensity; here, optogenetic excitation amplified the intensity percept, demonstrating sensory cortex to be the common gateway both to time and to stimulus feature processing. A model beginning with the membrane currents evoked by vibrissal and optogenetic drive and culminating in the representation of perceived time successfully replicated rats' choices. Time perception is thus as deeply intermeshed within the sensory processing pathway as is the sense of touch itself, suggesting that the experience of time may be further investigated with the toolbox of sensory coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reinartz
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
- Brain & Sound Lab, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arash Fassihi
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maria Ravera
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciano Paz
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Pulecchi
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Gigante
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- SENSEx Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136, Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Ren W, Han M, Zhang Z. Duration estimation abnormalities in unaffected first-degree relatives and individuals of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 260:39-40. [PMID: 37598510 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Ren
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Mingkun Han
- Mental Health and Social Welfare Center, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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DiMarco E, Sadibolova R, Jiang A, Liebenow B, Jones RE, Ul Haq I, Siddiqui MS, Terhune DB, Kishida KT. Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.02.530411. [PMID: 36909605 PMCID: PMC10002735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.530411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. Decreasing striatal dopamine efficacy is at the core of Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action have been associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state. We recruited patients with PD and compared individual differences in patients' clinical features with their ability to judge millisecond to second intervals of time (500ms-1100ms) while on or off their prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that individual differences in comorbid non-motor symptoms, PD duration, and prescribed dopaminergic pharmacotherapeutics account for individual differences in time perception performance. We report that comorbid impulse control disorder is associated with temporal overestimation; depression is associated with decreased temporal accuracy; and PD disease duration and prescribed levodopa monotherapy are associated with reduced temporal precision and accuracy. Observed differences in time perception are consistent with hypothesized dopaminergic mechanisms thought to underlie the respective motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but also raise questions about specific dopaminergic mechanisms. In future work, time perception tasks like the one used here, may provide translational or reverse translational utility in investigations aimed at disentangling neural and cognitive systems underlying PD symptom etiology. One Sentence Summary Quantitative characterization of time perception behavior reflects individual differences in Parkinson's disease motor and non-motor symptom clinical presentation that are consistent with hypothesized neural and cognitive mechanisms.
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Portnova GV, Maslennikova AV. The Photic Stimulation Has an Impact on the Reproduction of 10 s Intervals Only in Healthy Controls but Not in Patients with Schizophrenia: The EEG Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010112. [PMID: 36672093 PMCID: PMC9856562 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by both abnormal time perception and atypical relationships with external factors. Here we compare the influence of external photic stimulation on time production between healthy subjects (n = 24) and patients with schizophrenia (n = 22). To delve into neuropsychological mechanisms of such a relationship, the EEG was recorded during variable conditions: during production of 10 s intervals; during photic stimulation of 4, 9, 16, and 25 Hz; and during combinations of these conditions. We found that the higher frequency of photic stimulation influenced the production of time intervals in healthy volunteers, which became significantly longer and were accompanied by corresponding EEG changes. The impact of photic stimulation was absent in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the time production was characterized by less accuracy and the absence of EEG dynamics typical for healthy controls that included an increase in alpha2 power and envelope frequency. Our findings indicated that the time perception was not adjusted by external factors in patients with schizophrenia and might have involved cognitive and mental processes different from those of healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Portnova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
- Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Akademika Volgina st, 6, Moscow 117485, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra V. Maslennikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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Amadeo MB, Esposito D, Escelsior A, Campus C, Inuggi A, Pereira Da Silva B, Serafini G, Amore M, Gori M. Time in schizophrenia: a link between psychopathology, psychophysics and technology. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 35961974 PMCID: PMC9374791 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that time processing is altered in patients with schizophrenia. This perspective review delves into such temporal deficit and highlights its link to low-level sensory alterations, which are often overlooked in rehabilitation protocols for psychosis. However, if temporal impairment at the sensory level is inherent to the disease, new interventions should focus on this dimension. Beyond more traditional types of intervention, here we review the most recent digital technologies for rehabilitation and the most promising ones for sensory training. The overall aim is to synthesise existing literature on time in schizophrenia linking psychopathology, psychophysics, and technology to help future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bianca Amadeo
- U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy. .,Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa - Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC-Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE), Italy.
| | - Davide Esposito
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Escelsior
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy ,grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Campus
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy
| | - Alberto Inuggi
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy
| | - Beatriz Pereira Da Silva
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy ,grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy ,grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907U-VIP Unit for Visually Impaired People, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Applied Neurosciences for Technological Advances in Rehabilitation Systems (ANTARES) Joint Lab: Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa – Clinica Psichiatrica ed SPDC—Italian Institute of Technology (IIT); Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10 - 16132, Genoa, (GE) Italy
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Ballentine G, Friedman SF, Bzdok D. Trips and neurotransmitters: Discovering principled patterns across 6850 hallucinogenic experiences. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl6989. [PMID: 35294242 PMCID: PMC8926331 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelics probably alter states of consciousness by disrupting how the higher association cortex governs bottom-up sensory signals. Individual hallucinogenic drugs are usually studied in participants in controlled laboratory settings. Here, we have explored word usage in 6850 free-form testimonials about 27 drugs through the prism of 40 neurotransmitter receptor subtypes, which were then mapped to three-dimensional coordinates in the brain via their gene transcription levels from invasive tissue probes. Despite high interindividual variability, our pattern-learning approach delineated how drug-induced changes of conscious awareness are linked to cortex-wide anatomical distributions of receptor density proxies. Each discovered receptor-experience factor spanned between a higher-level association pole and a sensory input pole, which may relate to the previously reported collapse of hierarchical order among large-scale networks. Coanalyzing many psychoactive molecules and thousands of natural language descriptions of drug experiences, our analytical framework finds the underlying semantic structure and maps it directly to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Ballentine
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Mila—Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, Canada
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Davison M, Cowie S. Modeling choice across time: Effects of response-reinforcer discriminability. J Exp Anal Behav 2021; 117:36-52. [PMID: 34734651 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This experiment asks whether timing is affected by animals' discrimination of response-reinforcer contingencies, and if so, how this effect can be understood. Six pigeons were trained on a procedure in which concurrent-schedule reinforcer ratios between left and right keys changed at 30 s after the last reinforcer. One stimulus signaled a reinforcer-ratio reversal from 9:1 to 1:9 on that key, and the other stimulus signaled the inverse reversal, with the key on which these stimuli occurred randomized. Across conditions, the physical difference between the stimuli signaling the two responses was varied and the directional changes in the reinforcer ratio signaled by each stimulus were reversed. Choice changed appropriately across time when the two stimuli were discriminable, and points of subjective equality fell with decreasing stimulus difference. A model which assumed that reinforcers obtained in time bins were redistributed across other time bins according to ogivally changing standard deviations, and between response locations according to an ogivally changing redistribution measure, accounted well for the data. This model was shown to be preferable to one in which across-time redistributions were scalar, and across-location redistribution was constant. These results show the critical importance of stimulus-response-reinforcer discriminability to measures of timing.
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Moschopoulos N, Nimatoudis I, Kaprinis S, Boutsikos K, Sidiras C, Iliadou V. Implications for Early Diagnosis and Treatment in Schizophrenia Due to Correlation between Auditory Perceptual Deficits and Cognitive Impairment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4557. [PMID: 34640571 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is indicated that auditory perception deficits are present in schizophrenia and related to formal thought disorder. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of auditory deficits with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. An experimental group of 50 schizophrenia patients completed a battery of auditory processing evaluation and a neuropsychological battery of tests. Correlations between neuropsychological battery scores and auditory processing scores were examined. Cognitive impairment was correlated with auditory processing deficits in schizophrenia patients. All neuropsychological test scores were significantly correlated with at least one auditory processing test score. Our findings support the coexistence of auditory processing disorder, severe cognitive impairment, and formal thought disorder in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients. This may have important implications in schizophrenia research, as well as in early diagnosis and nonpharmacological treatment of the disorder.
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Berry C, Newcombe H, Strauss C, Rammou A, Schlier B, Lincoln T, Hayward M. Validation of the Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire: Associations with emotional distress and wellbeing, and invariance across diagnosis and sex. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:336-343. [PMID: 33540145 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voice-hearing is a transdiagnostic experience with evident negative effects on patients. Good quality measurement is needed to further elucidate the nature, impact and treatment of voice-hearing experiences across patient groups. The Hamilton Program for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire (HPSVQ) is a brief self-report measure which requires further psychometric evaluation. METHODS Using data from a transdiagnostic sample of 401 adult UK patients, the fit of a conceptual HPSVQ measurement model, proposing a separation between physical and emotional voice-hearing characteristics, was tested. A structural model was examined to test associations between voice-hearing, general emotional distress (depression, anxiety, stress) and wellbeing. The invariance of model parameters was examined across diagnosis and sex. RESULTS The final measurement model comprised two factors named 'voice severity' and 'voice-related distress'. The former comprised mainly physical voice characteristics and the latter mainly distress and other negative impacts. Structural model results supported voice-related distress as mediating the associations between voice severity and emotional distress and wellbeing. Model parameters were invariant across psychosis versus non-psychosis diagnosis and partially invariant across sex. Females experienced more severe and distressing voices and a more direct association between voice severity and general anxiety was evident. CONCLUSIONS The HPSVQ is a useful self-report measure of voice-hearing with some scope for further exploration and refinement. Voice-related distress appears a key mechanism by which voice severity predicts general distress and wellbeing. Whilst our data broadly support interventions targeting voice-related distress for all patients, females may benefit especially from interventions targeting voice severity and strategies for responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berry
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - H Newcombe
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - C Strauss
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Research & Development, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex Education Centre, Millview Hospital, Nevill Avenue, Hove, BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - A Rammou
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - B Schlier
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Lincoln
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Institut für Psychologie, Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hayward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Research & Development, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex Education Centre, Millview Hospital, Nevill Avenue, Hove, BN3 7HZ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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13
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Tang W, Fan K, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Shao S, Wang Z, Ke J. Correlations between age, biomedical variables, and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 22:100182. [PMID: 32577406 PMCID: PMC7303996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To illustrate the influence of clinical variables on cognition performance in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Methods Using the 66nao Brain Training device (a novel measurement tool), the cognitive performance of 99 patients with SCZ was evaluated. Patients were diagnosed by the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for SCZ, and their age were 16–68 years old. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between age, biomedical variables and specific cognitive domains in patients with SCZ. Patients were divided into two groups: various of cognitive domains impairment group and non-impairment group according to the norm scores. All data were analyzed using RStudio Version 1.0.44 (RStudio, Inc.) Results Patients with SCZ had obvious cognitive impairment in total and five subdomains of cognitive function. We found that 1) SCZ patients with impaired cognitive total score experienced significant older age and longer illness duration compared with those with normal cognitive total score. 2) SCZ patients with impaired memory experienced significant older age compared with those with normal memory. 3) SCZ patients with impaired attention showed significant lower serum triglyceride (TG) level compared with those with normal attention. 4) SCZ patients with impaired flexibility performed significant longer illness duration compared with those with normal flexibility. 5) SCZ patients with impaired cognitive agility performed significant older age, longer duration, and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with those with normal cognitive agility. 6) The age, illness duration and SBP in patients with impaired time perception were marginally different from those of subjects with normal time perception. Conclusion There are five dimensions (memory, attention, flexibility, cognitive agility, and time perception) of cognitive dysfunction in SCZ patients. Age, illness duration, TG, and SBP might play vital roles in various subdomains of the cognitive deficits respectively in patients with SCZ.
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Abstract
Weber's law predicts that stimulus sensitivity will increase proportionally with increases in stimulus intensity. Does this hold for the stimulus of time - specifically, duration in the milliseconds to seconds range? There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between temporal sensitivity and duration. Weber's law predicts a linear relationship between sensitivity and duration on interval timing tasks, while two alternative models predict a reverse J-shaped and a U-shaped relationship. Based on previous research, we hypothesised that temporal sensitivity in humans would follow a U-shaped function, increasing and then decreasing with increases in duration, and that this model would provide a better statistical fit to the data than the reverse-J or the simple Weber's Law model. In a two-alternative forced-choice interval comparison task, 24 participants made duration judgements about six groups of auditory intervals between 100 and 3,200 ms. Weber fractions were generated for each group of intervals and plotted against time to generate a function describing sensitivity to the stimulus of duration. Although the sensitivity function was slightly concave, and the model describing a U-shaped function gave the best fit to the data, the increase in the model fit was not sufficient to warrant the extra free parameter in the chosen model. Further analysis demonstrated that Weber's law itself provided a better description of sensitivity to changes in duration than either of the two models tested.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S Lad
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
| | - Katherine H Taber
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (Lad, Hurley, Taber); Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C., and Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley); and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Va., and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Taber)
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16
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Moschopoulos N, Nimatoudis I, Kaprinis S, Sidiras C, Iliadou V. Auditory processing disorder may be present in schizophrenia and it is highly correlated with formal thought disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113222. [PMID: 32562936 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the presence of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) in schizophrenia and its association with symptomatology, especially Formal Thought Disorder (FTD). 50 patients with schizophrenia and 25 matched healthy controls completed a battery of three auditory processing tests. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Thought, Language and Communication (TLC) scale were used to assess clinical symptoms. The patient group was divided into two subgroups, according to FTD severity. Auditory processing performance of the control group and the patient group was evaluated. Correlations between auditory processing scores and TLC scores, as well as auditory processing scores and PANSS scores were examined. Most of the patients, especially those with FTD, had auditory deficits that can be classified as APD. Patients showed impaired performance compared to controls in all tests. Total severity and specific factors of FTD, as well as other clinical symptoms and symptom categories were correlated with auditory processing performance. We provided evidence that APD may be present in schizophrenia and that FTD, as well as other clinical symptoms are associated with auditory processing deficits. There are important clinical implications for non-pharmacological interventions and early diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Moschopoulos
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Lab, 3rd Psychiatry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Nimatoudis
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Lab, 3rd Psychiatry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stergios Kaprinis
- 2nd Psychiatry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Sidiras
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Lab, 3rd Psychiatry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Iliadou
- Clinical Psychoacoustics Lab, 3rd Psychiatry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA, Avanzino L, Martino G. Time Processing, Interoception, and Insula Activation: A Mini-Review on Clinical Disorders. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1893. [PMID: 32973605 PMCID: PMC7461974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time processing is a multifaceted skill crucial for managing different aspects of life. In the current work, we explored the relationship between interoception and time processing by examining research on clinical models. We investigated whether time processing deficits are associated with dysfunction of the interoceptive system and/or insular cortex activity, which is crucial in decoding internal body signaling. Furthermore, we explored whether insular activation predicts the subjective experience of time (i.e., the subjective duration of a target stimulus to be timed). Overall, our work suggests that alteration of the interoceptive system could be a common psychophysiological hallmark of mental disorders affected by time processing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Mario Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Inagawa T, Ueda N, Nakagome K, Sumiyoshi T. Time estimation in a case of Tourette's syndrome: Effect of antipsychotic medications. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:198-200. [PMID: 32174031 PMCID: PMC7722657 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Dopamine (DA) hyperactivity causes overestimation of time, whereas DA hypoactivity produces its underestimation. DA activity also provides neurochemical substrates pertinent to several psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome. The overestimation of time sometimes exists in patients with Tourette's syndrome, but no reports have addressed time perception in relation to antipsychotic medications which typically act as DA receptor antagonists. We herein report a case of Tourette's syndrome, in which time estimation was differentially affected by risperidone (a DA antagonist) and aripiprazole (a DA partial agonist). Case A 27‐year‐old man who suffered from verbal and motor tics was treated with risperidone. His tic symptoms disappeared; however, he began to experience a strange feeling that “time is going too fast.” For example, “people walk more quickly compared to a normal pace.” These complaints were thought to represent underestimation of time. Then, risperidone was switched to oral aripiprazole to optimize DA transmissions, which resulted in the amelioration of these subjective feelings. Conclusion Our observations indicate that the underestimation of time may occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome who receive antipsychotic drugs with high DA D2 receptor blocking potency. This may support the concept that the estimation of time is influenced by DA activity. Estimation of time in patients with Tourette's syndrome is affected by actions of antipsychotic drugs on dopamine type 2 receptors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Inagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ueda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Ueda N, Hanakawa T. Neural correlates of temporal updating and reasoning in association with neuropsychiatric disorders. Behav Brain Sci 2019; 42:e276. [PMID: 31826768 DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X19000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here we argue how Hoerl & McCormack's dual system proposal may change the current view about the neural correlates underlying temporal information processing. We also consider that the concept of the dual system may help characterize various timing disabilities in neuropsychiatric disorders from the new perspective.
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