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Zhen S, Chen H, Lu J, Yang X, Tuo X, Chang S, Tian Y, Li X. Intravaginal delivery for CRISPR-Cas9 technology: For example, the treatment of HPV infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28552. [PMID: 36734062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in women, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, has led to the need to develop user-friendly potential prevention methods. At present, although there are several therapeutic parts, none of them has a preventive effect, but they are only limited to providing patients with symptom relief. Researchers have now recognized the need to find effective local preventive agents. One of the potential undiscovered local fungicides is the vaginal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9 delivery involves silencing gene expression in a sequence-specific manner in the pathogenic agent, thus showing microbicidal activity. However, vaginal mucosal barrier and physiological changes (such as pH value and variable epithelial thickness in the menstrual cycle) are the main obstacles to effective delivery and cell uptake of CRISPR/Cas9. To enhance the vaginal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, so far, nano-carrier systems such as lipid delivery systems, macromolecular systems, polymer nanoparticles, aptamers, and cell-penetrating peptides have been extensively studied. In this paper, various nano-carriers and their prospects in the preclinical stage are described, as well as the future significance of CRISPR/Cas9 vaginal delivery based on nano-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Genetic Disease Diagnosis Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Medical Genetics Centre, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiling Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shixue Chang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhan Tian
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Prokhorova D, Zhukova (Eschenko) N, Lemza A, Sergeeva M, Amirkhanov R, Stepanov G. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Study Regulation Pathways of the Cellular Immune Response to Influenza Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020437. [PMID: 35216030 PMCID: PMC8879999 DOI: 10.3390/v14020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes a respiratory infection that affects millions of people of different age groups and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, host genes, receptors, and other cellular components critical for IAV replication are actively studied. One of the most convenient and accessible genome-editing tools to facilitate these studies is the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This tool allows for regulating the expression of both viral and host cell genes to enhance or impair viral entry and replication. This review considers the effect of the genome editing system on specific target genes in cells (human and chicken) in terms of subsequent changes in the influenza virus life cycle and the efficiency of virus particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Prokhorova
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya Zhukova (Eschenko)
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Anna Lemza
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Mariia Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
- Laboratory of Vector Vaccines, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rinat Amirkhanov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Grigory Stepanov
- Laboratory of Genome Editing, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.P.); (N.Z.); (A.L.); (M.S.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-3635189
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