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Kashif H, Ahmed MN, Altaf M, Haq IU, Iqbal A, Haq S. Rocephin-graphene oxide-silver nanocomposites: A versatile platform for biomedical applications. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38407375 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
For many years, the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) had involved exfoliating graphite flakes, and the methods applied were expensive and time-consuming. Thus, an attempt had been made to create an inventive, less expensive method for the synthesis of GO using unrefined, raw carbon-containing material. Modified Hummer's method was used to prepare GO from banana peel. In addition, the metallic silver nanocomposite was also synthesized along with laoding of drug Rocephin where they interact with each other through electrostatic hydrogen bond interaction. The degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size were through x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the crystallite size of AgNPs was found to be 40.40 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the morphology of the GO gradually changes with the addition of AgNPs and Rocephin. A blue shift was seen in the absorbance maxima of the raw carbon upon the conjugation of Rocephin in UV analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition of the samples. Furthermore, a broad biological screening of the synthesized samples had been carried out following the total reducing power (TRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antibacterial, antifungal, MTT (Cytotoxicity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells) cell viability, brine shrimp lethality, and hemolytic protocols. Significant results were obtained, and the Rocephin-GO-AgNPs had depicted promising activity as compared with their counterparts. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The GO was prepared from the raw carbon extracted from banana peels and was used as a substrate for the synthesis Graphene oxide silver nanoparticles (GO-AgNPs) and Rocephin-loaded graphene oxide silver nanoparticles (Rocephin-GO-AgNPs) The structural and compositional analysis of the nanomaterial was carried out, and they were screened for several biomedical applications. The Rocephin-GO-AgNPs exhibit the highest activity as compared with their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Kashif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anila Iqbal
- Nanoscience and Technology Department, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sirajul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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Zheng G, Chen Q, Zhou F, Li P. Retention properties and mechanism of agricultural waste maize whisker on atmospheric mercury. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:67. [PMID: 38647626 PMCID: PMC10991902 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant transmitted mainly through the atmosphere, posing a serious threat to biological survival and human health. Porous materials, with high specific surface area, high porosity, and high adsorption, are particularly suitable for the purification of atmospheric Hg mixtures. However, plant porous materials are rarely directly used for atmospheric Hg purification. In this study, the properties and mechanism of maize whisker in removing atmospheric Hg were analyzed. The results show that the Hg content in the whiskers increases significantly as the initial Hg concentration increases, and 79.38% Hg can be removed by 0.2 g maize whiskers after 1 h exposure when the initial Hg concentration is 0.1 μg m-3, indicating that maize whiskers can accumulate atmospheric Hg rapidly and effectively. The hole diameter of the maize whisker is between 0.83 and 3.06 μm, which is suitable for the adsorption of small substances. Correlation analysis shows that maize whiskers have a significant correlation between atmospheric Hg retention and its specific surface area, pore size, medium pore ratio, and micropore ratio, suggesting that the maize whisker hole feature has a significant influence on its ability to retain atmospheric Hg. Compared with the energy profiles before and after Hg treatment, the peak of Mg decreased after Hg adsorption. Fourier infrared spectrometer analysis suggests that functional groups such as -OH, -COOH, and -O- are involved in the adsorption process. The change in pH value shows an obvious effect on the overall change in zeta potential in the adsorption process. Therefore, a variety of mechanisms, including physical adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, complexation, chelation, and ion exchange, are involved in Hg retention with the maize whisker. This study reveals the important potential value of agricultural waste maize whiskers in the purification of atmospheric heavy metal Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zheng
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Qianxiu Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
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Elias MMC, Soares LC, Maia LC, Dias MVL, Gurgel LVA. Multivariate optimization applied to the synthesis and reuse of a new sugarcane bagasse-based biosorbent to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:79954-79976. [PMID: 35190982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the use of multivariate tools to optimize the synthesis of a new agricultural-based biosorbent derived from sugarcane bagasse (SB) for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, as well as to optimize the process of desorption of these ions from the spent biosorbent using an acidic solution. The effects of the reaction parameters temperature (T), time (t), and the ratio of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTCAD) to raw SB (wBTCAD wraw SB-1) on the chemical modification of raw SB with BTCAD and on the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were investigated by application of a 23 Doehlert experimental design (DED), followed by optimization using a statistical desirability tool to produce the best adsorbent in terms of performance and cost. The best reaction condition was wBTCAD wraw SB-1 of 4.0 g g-1, t of 1 h, and T of 70 ºC. The optimal synthesis condition resulted in a modified sugarcane bagasse (MSB) that provided qe values for Cd(II) and Pb(II) of 0.50 and 0.61 mmol g-1, respectively, obtained under the following conditions: 0.311 mmol Cd(II) L-1, 0.632 mmol Pb(II) L-1, pH 5.0, 4 h, 0.2 g L-1 MSB, 130 rpm, and 25 °C. The desorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from MSB was investigated by a 22 DED, with optimization using the desirability tool to obtain the best desorption condition in terms of HNO3 solution concentration ([Formula: see text]) and t. The desorption efficiencies for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 90 ± 4% and 88 ± 3%, respectively, obtained using 0.7 mol L-1 HNO3, t of 42 min, and 1.0 g L-1 MSB-M(II) (M = Pb or Cd). Infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the natures of the interactions involved in the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on MSB, as well as possible changes in the chemical structure of MSB after desorption. The synthesis of MSB can be performed under mild reaction conditions (t = 1 h, T = 70 ºC), and the solvents used can be recovered by distillation. BTCA is commercially available at moderate cost and can alternatively be obtained employing microbial succinic acid, metal-free catalysis, and modest use of petrochemical feedstocks. Furthermore, MSB can be reused, which could contribute to increasing the economic feasibility of water and wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megg Madonyk Cota Elias
- Physical Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Catone Soares
- Physical Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luisa Cardoso Maia
- Physical Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Viviane Lima Dias
- Physical Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vinícius Alves Gurgel
- Physical Organic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro, s/n°, Bauxita, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Wei M, Marrakchi F, Yuan C, Cheng X, Jiang D, Zafar FF, Fu Y, Wang S. Adsorption modeling, thermodynamics, and DFT simulation of tetracycline onto mesoporous and high-surface-area NaOH-activated macroalgae carbon. J Hazard Mater 2022; 425:127887. [PMID: 34906868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (ENAC) was prepared by NaOH activation, using macroalgae (Enteromorpha clathrate) as raw material. The prepared activated carbon has a large surface area (1238.491 m2 g-1) and its total pore volume and average pore size are 0.6823 cm3g-1 and 2.2038 nm, respectively. The ENAC was characterized by SEM, FTIR, BET and XPS. The effects of contact time (0-960 min), initial tetracycline (TC) concentration (50-500 mg L-1), temperature (30-50 °C) and initial pH (2-11) on TC adsorption were evaluated. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were discussed. Results showed that the adsorption isotherm was the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process can be described by the pseudo-second-order model. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm was type IV, indicating that the activated carbon had mesoporous structure. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The maximum adsorption capacity of TC was 381.584 mg g-1. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to simulate and analyze the adsorption process, and the influence of different types of N on the adsorption was expounded. The results showed that there are electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding between the adsorbent and TC. These results indicated that the prepared ENAC had a great application prospect in the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wei
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Fatma Marrakchi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Yuan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China; School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Zafar
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxia Fu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Jiangsu, China.
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