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Wang M, Chen J, Wu W, Wang L, Zheng X, Xu G, Qu J, Gao BZ, Shao Y. Multi-color two-photon scanning structured illumination microscopy imaging of live cells. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202300077. [PMID: 37293715 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-color two-photon microscopy imaging of live cells is essential in biology. However, the limited diffraction resolution of conventional two-photon microscopy restricts its application to subcellular organelle imaging. Recently, we developed a laser scanning two-photon non-linear structured illumination microscope (2P-NLSIM), whose resolution improved three-fold. However, its ability to image polychromatic live cells under low excitation power has not been verified. Here, to improve the reconstruction super-resolution image quality under low excitation power, we increased the image modulation depth by multiplying the raw images with the reference fringe patterns in the reconstruction process. Simultaneously, we optimized the 2P-NLSIM system to image live cells, including the excitation power, imaging speed, and field of view. The proposed system could provide a new imaging tool for live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenshuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bruce Zhi Gao
- Department of Bioengineering and COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yonghong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Pisu FA, Chiriu D, Klironomou E, Zacharakis G, Tserevelakis GJ. Stratigraphy of Fresco Paintings: A New Approach with Photoacoustic and SORS Imaging. J Imaging 2023; 9. [PMID: 36662114 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel, powerful diagnostic technique utilized in different research fields. In particular, during recent years it has found several applications in Cultural Heritage (CH) diagnostics. PA imaging can be realized in transmittance or epi-illumination (reflectance) modes, obtaining variable levels of contrast and spatial resolution. In this work, we confirmed the applicability of the PA technique as a powerful tool for the imaging of one of the most challenging artwork objects, namely fresco wall paints, to obtain precise stratigraphic profiles in different layered fresco samples. In this regard, we studied some multi-layered fragments of the vault of San Giuseppe Church in Cagliari (1870 AD) and some mock-ups realized specifically to test the potentiality of this technique. Due to complex structures of the frescoes, we used the Spatially Off-set Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) technique to provide complementary information. The experimental results were in agreement for both techniques, even for the three-layered complex structure, and were confirmed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of cross-sections. The combined use of these two techniques proved useful to investigate detailed hidden information on the fresco samples.
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Palomar T, Martínez-weinbaum M, Aparicio M, Maestro-guijarro L, Castillejo M, Oujja M. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of Flashed Glasses from Stained Glass Windows. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:5760. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flashed glasses are composed of a base glass and a thin colored layer and have been used since medieval times in stained glass windows. Their study can be challenging because of their complex composition and multilayer structure. In the present work, a set of optical and spectroscopic techniques have been used for the characterization of a representative set of flashed glasses commonly used in the manufacture of stained glass windows. The structural and chemical composition of the pieces were investigated by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FESEM-EDS), UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Optical microscopy and FESEM-EDS allowed the determination of the thicknesses of the colored layers, while LIBS, EDS, UV-Vis-IR, and LIF spectroscopies served for elemental, molecular, and chromophores characterization of the base glasses and colored layers. Results obtained using the micro-invasive LIBS technique were compared with those retrieved by the cross-sectional technique FESEM-EDS, which requires sample taking, and showed significant consistency and agreement. In addition, LIBS results revealed the presence of additional elements in the composition of flashed glasses that could not be detected by FESEM-EDS. The combination of UV-Vis-IR and LIF results allowed precise chemical identification of chromophores responsible for the flashed glass coloration.
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Rodrigues A, Coutinho ML, Machado C, Cerqueira Alves L, Machado A, Vilarigues M. An Overview of Germanic Grisailles through the Stained-Glass Collection at Pena Palace. Heritage 2022; 5:1003-23. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage5020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The lack of studies reporting the characterisation of Germanic grisaille is evident, despite the recent interest of researchers in this glass painting material. This work consists of the first assessment of Germanic grisaille’ chemical composition on a wide chronology (14th–19th centuries), that was only possible through the unique stained-glass collection of King Ferdinand II of Portugal. From the considerable amount of panels produced in Germanic territory and assembled by Ferdinand, twenty-two panels were characterised, and some trends of glass support typical composition and grisaille recipes were verified through this case study. A copper-based grisaille appears to have been the preference up to the 18th century. The 19th century shows higher diversity in composition, with new compounds (such as Co, Cr, Mn) appearing as colourising materials. However, with a limited number of analyses, and dispersed throughout time and different geographic locations, the results of this study are unprecedented, by being able to present the first overview on grisaille composition in Germanic stained glasses.
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