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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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Capochiani de Iudicibus R, Tomek P, Palmer BD, Tijono SM, Flanagan JU, Ching LM. Parallel discovery of selective and dual inhibitors of tryptophan dioxygenases IDO1 and TDO2 with a newly-modified enzymatic assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 39:116160. [PMID: 33901770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The expression of tryptophan catabolising enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) in cancers is associated with suppressed immunity and poor patient prognosis. Results from human clinical trials of IDO1 inhibitors have been disappointing. There is now a strong interest in the development of TDO2-selective or dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors that may surpass IDO1 inhibitors by providing broader efficacy and blocking constitutively-expressed hepatic TDO2. To expedite the discovery of novel TDO2-specific and dual inhibitors, an assay that enabled the efficient and accurate measurement of the inhibitory activity of compounds against both IDO1 and TDO2 enzymes, concurrently in the same experiment was established to screen 5,682 compounds that included the National Cancer Institute Diversity set 5, for inhibition of IDO1 and TDO2 activity. This screen identified 82 compounds that inhibited either IDO1, TDO2 or both enzymes > 50% at 20 µM. Thirty Pan Assay Interference compounds were removed from the list and the IC50 of the remaining 52 compounds against IDO1 and TDO2 was subsequently determined using the newly-developed concurrent assay. Ten compounds were confirmed as dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors having IC50 values under 50 µM against both enzymes and within 2-fold of each other. Six compounds with IC50 values between 1.39 and 8.41 µM were identified as potential TDO2-selective leads. The use of this concurrent protocol is anticipated to expedite the discovery of novel leads for dual and selective inhibitors against IDO1 and or TDO2 and speed the evaluation of novel analogues that will ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Capochiani de Iudicibus
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Petr Tomek
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Brian D Palmer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Sofian M Tijono
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Lai-Ming Ching
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Crescenzi C, Fuchss T, Ippoliti D, Langella A, Di Mola A, Massa A, Rozzi D. Reiterative Chiral Resolution/Racemization/Recycle (RRR Synthesis) for an Effective and Scalable Process for the Enantioselective Synthesis of a Dual IDO1/TDO2 Inhibitor Imidazoisoindole Derivative. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Crescenzi
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, RM, Italy, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuchss
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dimitri Ippoliti
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, RM, Italy, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annunziata Langella
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, RM, Italy, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Antonia Di Mola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Diego Rozzi
- Merck Serono S.p.A., Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, RM, Italy, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Wu T, Zhu JX, Wei Q, Li P, Wang LB, Huang J, Wang JH, Tang LK, Wu LJ, Li C, Han WN. Preparative separation of four isomers of synthetic anisodamine by HPLC and diastereomer crystallization. Chirality 2018; 31:11-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Xin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ke Tang
- Hangzhou Mingsheng Institutes for Pharma Research Co., Ltd.; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Na Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy; HarBin Medical University; HarBin People's Republic of China
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