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Huang H, Qin L, Tang H, Shu D, Yan W, Sun B, Mi J. Ultrasound cavitation induced nucleation in metal solidification: An analytical model and validation by real-time experiments. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 80:105832. [PMID: 34826724 PMCID: PMC8633372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural refinement of metallic alloys via ultrasonic melt processing (USMP) is an environmentally friendly and promising method. However, so far there has been no report in open literature on how to predict the solidified microstructures and grain size based on the ultrasound processing parameters.In this paper, an analytical model is developed to calculate the cavitation enhanced undercooling and the USMP refined solidification microstructure and grain size for Al-Cu alloys. Ultrafast synchrotron X-ray imaging and tomography techniques were used to collect the real-time experimental data for validating the model and the calculated results. The comparison between modeling and experiments reveal that there exists an effective ultrasound input power intensity for maximizing the grain refinement effects for the Al-Cu alloys, which is in the range of 20-45 MW/m2. In addition, a monotonous increase in temperature during USMP has negative effect on producing new nuclei, deteriorating the benefit of microstructure refinement due to the application of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Huang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Haibin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore; School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Da Shu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wentao Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore; NUS Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Baode Sun
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Mi
- Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Nazari-Mahroo H, Pasandideh K, Navid HA, Sadighi-Bonabi R. How important is the liquid bulk viscosity effect on the dynamics of a single cavitation bubble? Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 49:47-52. [PMID: 30060988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of liquid bulk viscosity on the dynamics of a single cavitation bubble is numerically studied via Gilmore model with a new modified boundary condition at bubble interface. In order to more accurately describe the interior gas thermodynamics, a hydrochemical model is used. The numerical results for an argon bubble in water and aqueous H2SO4 show that including the liquid bulk viscosity slightly affects the bubble dynamics in collapse phase. This effect becomes significant only at high ultrasonic amplitudes and high viscosities. Moreover, the maximum pressure value inside the bubble is much more influenced than the maximum temperature. This finding lends support to results of Shen et al. [25] and significantly differ from some previous results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nazari-Mahroo
- Department of Laser and Optical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran.
| | - K Pasandideh
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - H A Navid
- Department of Laser and Optical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | - R Sadighi-Bonabi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Lee J, Yang S. Antisolvent Sonocrystallisation of Sodium Chloride and the Evaluation of the Ultrasound Energy Using Modified Classical Nucleation Theory. Crystals 2018; 8:320. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8080320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The crystal nucleation rate of sodium chloride in ethanol was investigated by measuring the induction time at various supersaturation ratios under silent and ultrasound irradiation at frequencies between 22 and 500 kHz. Under silent conditions, the data follows the classical nucleation theory showing both the homogeneous and heterogeneous regions and giving an interfacial surface tension of 31.0 mN m−2. Sonication led to a non-linearity in the data and was fitted by a modified classical nucleation theory to account for the additional free energy being supplemented by sonication. For 98 kHz, this free energy increased from 1.33 × 108 to 1.90 × 108 J m−3 for sonication powers of 2 to 15 W, respectively. It is speculated that the energy was supplemented by the localised bubble collapses and collisions. Increasing the frequency from 22 to 500 kHz revealed that a minimum induction time was obtained at frequencies between 44 and 98 kHz, which has been attributed to the overall collapse intensity being the strongest at these frequencies.
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