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Guo M, Zhang J, Wang Q, Tang J, Li Y, Zhou H, Lin H, Ma Z, Fan H. Porcine circovirus type 2 and Glaesserella parasuis serotype 4 co-infection activates Snail1 to disrupt the intercellular junctions and facilitate bacteria translocation across the tracheal epithelium. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109954. [PMID: 38104440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) often causes disease through coinfection with other bacterial pathogens, including Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), which causes high morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanism of PCV2 and G. parasuis serotype 4 (GPS4) co-infection is still not fully understood. In this study, swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) were used as a barrier model, and our results showed that PCV2 infection increased the adhesion of GPS4 to STEC, while decreasing the levels of ZO-1, Occludin and increasing tracheal epithelial permeability, and ultimately facilitated GPS4 translocation. Snail1 is a transcriptional repressor, and has been known to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during development or in cancer metastasis. Importantly, we found that Snail1, as a transcriptional repressor, was crucial in destroying the tracheal epithelial barrier induced by PCV2, GPS4, PCV2 and GPS4 coinfection. For the first time, we found that PCV2, GPS4, PCV2 and GPS4 coinfection cross-activates TGF-β and p38/MAPK signaling pathways to upregulate the expression of Snail1, down-regulate the levels of ZO-1 and Occludin, and thus disrupt the integrity of tracheal epithelial barrier then promoting GPS4 translocation. Finally, PCV2 and GPS4 co-infection also can activate TGF-β and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vivo and upregulate Snail1, ultimately down-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Our study elucidates how PCV2 infection promotes GPS4 to breach the tracheal epithelial barrier and aggravate clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsheng Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China.
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