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Yang Z, Zhang H, Lü F, Yang Y, Hu T, He P. A Novel High-Throughput Detection Method for Plastic Debris in Organic-Rich Matrices Based on Image Fusion. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6045-6054. [PMID: 38569073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution pervades natural environments and wildlife. Consequently, high-throughput detection methods for plastic debris are urgently needed. A novel method was developed to detect plastic debris larger than 0.5 mm, which integrated an extraction method with low organic loss and plastic damage alongside a classification method for fused images. This extraction method broadened the size range of the remaining plastic debris, while the fusion solved the low spatial resolution of hyperspectral images and the absence of spectral information in red-green-blue (RGB) images. This method was validated for plastic debris in digestate, compost, and sludge, with extraction demonstrating 100% recovery rates for all samples. After fusion, the spatial resolution of hyperspectral images was improved about five times. Classification recall for the fused hyperspectral images achieved 97 ± 8%, surpassing 83 ± 29% of the raw images. Application of this method to solid digestate detected 1030 ± 212 items/kg of plastic debris, comparable with the conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic result of 1100 ± 436 items/kg. This developed method can investigate plastic debris in complex matrices, simultaneously addressing a wide range of sizes and types. This capability helps acquire reliable data to predict secondary microplastic generation and conduct a risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tian Hu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Shi Z, He P, Guo J, Zou J, Peng W, Zhang H, Lü F. Carbon reduction trade-off between pretreatment and anaerobic digestion: A field study of an industrial-scale biogas plant. Environ Res 2024; 246:118139. [PMID: 38191048 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
With the implementation of municipal solid waste source segregation, the enormous sorted biogenic waste has become an issue that needs to be seriously considered. Anaerobic digestion, which can produce biogas and extract floating oil for biodiesel production, is the most prevalent treatment in China for waste management and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goal 13 of the United Nations. Herein, a large-scale biogas plant with a capacity of 1000 tonnes of biogenic waste (400 tonnes of restaurant biogenic waste and 600 tonnes of kitchen biogenic waste) per day was investigated onsite using material flow analysis, and the parts of the biogas plant were thoroughly analyzed, especially the pretreatment system for biogenic waste impurity removal and homogenization. The results indicated that the loss of the total biodegradable organic matter was 41.8% (w/w) of daily feedstock and the loss of biogas potential was 18.8% (v/v) of daily feedstock. Life cycle assessment revealed that the 100-year GHG emissions were -61.2 kgCO2-eq per tonne biogenic waste. According to the sensitivity analysis, pretreatment efficiency, including biodegradable organic matter recovery and floating oil extraction, considerably affected carbon reduction potential. However, when the pretreatment efficiency deteriorated, GHG benefits of waste source segregation and the subsequent biogenic waste anaerobic digestion would be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Shi
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 314001, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jinlin Zou
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 314001, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 314001, PR China.
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Inalegwu Okopi S, Zeng J, Fan X, Lu J, Cui J, Hu Y, Wang J, Chen J, Sangué Djandja O, Ma Y, Che L, Zhaolin G, Xu F. Environmental sustainability assessment of a new food waste anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis hybridization system. Waste Manag 2024; 179:130-143. [PMID: 38471251 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This research conducted an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate an anaerobic digestion-co-pyrolysis (ADCo-Py) system in which pyrolysis was added to traditional food waste (FW) anaerobic digestion (AD) systems to treat the solid fraction and impurities separated from FW. The solid fraction, including impurities such as wooden chopsticks, plastics, eggshells, and bones, is usually incinerated, while pyrolysis can be a viable alternative to optimize FW treatment. The environmental impact of ADCo-Py was compared with stand-alone AD, pyrolysis, and ADCo-INC (AD with incineration of separated solids). The results indicated that both ADCo-Py (-1.726 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) and ADCo-INC (-1.535 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) outperform stand-alone AD (-0.855 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) and pyrolysis (-0.181 kg CO2-Eq/kgFW) in mitigating global warming potential (GWP). Additionally, pretreatments were found to have the most significant influence on GWP, ecotoxicity potential (ETP), and acidification potential (AP). The two-step pretreatment in ADCo-Py, including the separation of solids and drying, significantly improved the environmental sustainability of the system when compared with standalone pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Inalegwu Okopi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianfei Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuetong Fan
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahao Cui
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yingqun Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Che
- College of Engineering, Huzhou Normal University, No. 759, East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Gu Zhaolin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fuqing Xu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Li X, Guo S, Shen D, Shentu J, Lv L, Qi S, Zhu M, Long Y. Microplastic release and sulfate reduction response in the early stage of a simulated landfill. Waste Manag 2024; 175:22-29. [PMID: 38150952 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Landfills are essential facilities for treating and disposing municipal solid waste. They emit sulfur-containing odors and serve as an important sink for a new type of pollutant called microplastics (MPs). This study focused on the initial stage of anaerobic degradation to establish the relationship between the release of MPs and odor generation. Our findings show the rapid release of MPs into the leachate in the early stage of landfill and their predominant accumulation in the leachate sediment. The circulating leachate contained 1.45 times higher concentrations of MPs than the noncirculating leachate, with a peak concentration of 39 items·L-1. In addition, fragmentation of MPs occurred. The percentage of MPs with particle sizes of 2.5-5 mm decreased from 66.70 % to 22.32 %, while those measuring 0.1-0.5 mm increased by 33.12 %. A positive correlation was observed between MP release and sulfate reduction. Although leachate circulation increased the release of MPs, it also reduced the overall release time and total amount of MPs exported from the landfill. Compared with the initial landfill waste, the leachate operation mode, regardless of circulation, resulted in a 6.15-8.93-fold increase in MP release. These findings provide a valuable foundation for the simultaneous regulation of traditional pollutant odor and new pollutants (MPs) in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shuli Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiali Shentu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Li Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shengqi Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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Zhang C, Dong Z, Chen Q, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Xu Q. Determination of key factors affecting biofilm formation on the aged Poly(ethylene terephthalate) during anaerobic digestion. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140435. [PMID: 37832880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on plastic surface is a growing concern because it can alter the plastic surface properties and exacerbate the ecological risk. Identifying key factors that affecting biofilm formation is critical for effective pollution control. In this study, the poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was aged in water and air conditions with UV irradiation, then incubated in the digestate of food waste anaerobic digestion to allow biofilm formation. Surface analysis techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR), were utilized to investigated the changes in the topography, roughness, hydrophily, and functional groups change of the PET surface during the aging process. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to determine the distribution of microorganisms on the PET surface after incubation in the digestate. This study focused on understanding the interactions between the PET surface and biofilm to identify critical surface factors that affect biofilm formation. Results showed that the four months aging process decreased the contact angle of the PET surface from 96.92° to 76.08° and 68.97° in water and air conditions, respectively, corresponding to an increase of 44% and 70% in the surface energy. Additionally, aging in air conditions led to a rougher surface compared to water conditions. The arithmetic roughness average (Ra) of the PET-Water was 11.0 nm, comparable to that of the pristine PET, while the value of PET-Air was much higher (43.9 nm). The results further indicated that biofilm formation during anaerobic digestion was more sensitive to roughness than hydrophily. The PET surface aged in air conditions provided a more suitable environment for microbial reproduction, leading to the aggradation of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zihang Dong
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qindong Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yeqi Lin
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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