Enabling Lyophilized Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Through Formulation Design and Excipient Selection Suitable for A Multivalent Adjuvanted Vaccine

The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants

Concerns about the health of the planet have grown dramatically, and the dyeing sector of the textile industry is one of the most polluting of all industries. Nanoclays can clean dyeing wastewater using their adsorption capacities. In this study, as a new finding, it was possible to analyze and quantify the amount of metal ions substituted by anionic dyes when adsorbed, and to determine the optimal amount of nanoclay to be used to adsorb all the dye. The tests demonstrated the specific amount of nanoclay that must be used and how to optimize the subsequent processes of separation and processing of the nanoclay. Hydrotalcite was used as the adsorbent material. Direct dyes were used in this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed the shape recovery of the hydrotalcite to be checked and confirmed the adsorption of the dyes. An FTIR analysis was used to check the presence of characteristic groups of the dyes in the resulting hybrids. The thermogravimetric (TGA) tests corroborated the dye adsorption and the thermal fastness improvement. Total solar reflectance (TSR) showed increased radiation protection for UV-VIS-NIR. Through the work carried out, it has been possible to establish the maximum adsorption point of hydrotalcite.

Stabilizing vaccines via drying: Quality by design considerations

Pandemics and epidemics are continually challenging human beings' health and imposing major stresses on the societies particularly over the last few decades, when their frequency has increased significantly. Protecting humans from multiple diseases is best achieved through vaccination. However, vaccines thermal instability has always been a hurdle in their widespread application, especially in less developed countries. Furthermore, insufficient vaccine processing capacity is also a major challenge for global vaccination programs. Continuous drying of vaccine formulations is one of the potential solutions to these challenges. This review highlights the challenges on implementing the continuous drying techniques for drying vaccines. The conventional drying methods, emerging technologies and their adaptation by biopharmaceutical industry are investigated considering the patented technologies for drying of vaccines. Moreover, the current progress in applying Quality by Design (QbD) in each of the drying techniques considering the critical quality attributes (CQAs), critical process parameters (CPPs) are comprehensively reviewed. An expert advice is presented on the required actions to be taken within the biopharmaceutical industry to move towards continuous stabilization of vaccines in the realm of QbD.