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Mahata D, Mukherjee D, Biswas D, Basak S, Basak AJ, Jamir I, Pandey N, Khatoon H, Samanta D, Basak A, Mukherjee G. Activation and differentiation of cognate T cells by a dextran-based antigen-presenting system for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350528. [PMID: 37698527 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic modulation of antigen-specific T-cell responses instead of the whole repertoire helps avoid immune-related adverse events. We have developed an artificial antigen-presenting system (aAPS) where multiple copies of a multimeric peptide-MHC class I complex presenting a murine class I MHC restricted ovalbumin-derived peptide (signal 1), along with a costimulatory ligand (signal 2) are chemically conjugated to a dextran backbone. Cognate naive CD8+ T cells, when treated with this aAPS underwent significant expansion and showed an activated phenotype. Furthermore, elevated expression of effector cytokines led to the differentiation of these cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes which resulted in target cell lysis, indicative of the functional efficacy of the aAPS. CD8+ T cells with decreased proliferative potential due to repeated antigenic stimulation could also be re-expanded by the developed aAPS. Thus, the developed aAPS warrants further engineering for future application as a rapidly customizable personalized immunotherapeutic agent, incorporating patient-specific MHC-restricted tumor antigens and different costimulatory signals to modulate both naive and antigen-experienced but exhausted tumor-specific T cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Mahata
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debangshu Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyam Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Jyoti Basak
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Imlilong Jamir
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Huma Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Gayatri Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Rosenberg CA, Bill M, Maguire O, Petersen MA, Kjeldsen E, Hokland P, Ludvigsen M. Imaging flow cytometry reveals a subset of TdT negative T-ALL blasts with very low forward scatter on conventional flow cytometry. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2021; 102:107-114. [PMID: 34648681 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have shown that leukemic blast populations may display immunophenotypic heterogeneity. In the clinical setting, evaluation of measurable residual disease during treatment and follow-up is highly dependent on knowledge of the diversity of blast subsets. Here, we set out to evaluate whether variation in expression of the blast marker, TdT, in T-ALL blasts could correspond to differences in morphometric features. METHODS We investigated diagnostic bone marrow samples from six individual T-ALL patients run in parallel on imaging flow cytometry (IFC) and conventional flow cytometry (CFC). RESULTS Guided by the imagery available in IFC, we identified distinct TdTneg and TdTpos subpopulations with apparent differences in internal complexity. As TdTneg blasts predominantly displayed very low forward scatter (FSC) on CFC, these subsets were initially excluded from routine analysis as debris, elements of small diameter, apoptotic, and/or dead cells. However, IFC-based morphometric analyses demonstrated that cell size and shape of TdTneg blasts were comparable to the TdTpos cells and without morphometric apoptotic hallmarks, supporting that the TdTneg subpopulation corresponded to T-ALL blasts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses substantiated the clinical relevance of TdTneg FSCvery-low cells by retrieving known diagnostic cytogenetic abnormalities at comparable frequencies in purified TdTneg FSCvery-low and TdTpos FSCint subsets. CONCLUSION We highlight this finding as knowledge of phenotypic heterogeneity is of crucial importance in the clinical setting for delineation and quantification of blast subpopulations of potential biological relevance. We argue that the IFC imagery may allow for visual verification and improvement of applied gating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Bill
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Marianne A Petersen
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eigil Kjeldsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Iyer RV, Maguire O, Kim M, Curtin LI, Sexton S, Fisher DT, Schihl SA, Fetterly G, Menne S, Minderman H. Dose-Dependent Sorafenib-Induced Immunosuppression Is Associated with Aberrant NFAT Activation and Expression of PD-1 in T Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050681. [PMID: 31100868 PMCID: PMC6562672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only standard first-line therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report the dose-dependent effects of sorafenib on the immune response, which is related to nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with low and high doses of sorafenib using human T cells and spontaneous developed woodchuck HCC models. In vitro studies demonstrated that following exposure to a high dose of sorafenib the baseline activity of NFAT1 in T cells was significantly increased. In a parallel event, high dose sorafenib resulted in a significant decrease in T cell proliferation and increased the proportion of PD-1 expressing CD8+ T cells with NFAT1 activation. In the in vivo model, smaller tumors were detected in the low-dose sorafenib treated group compared to the placebo and high-dose treated groups. The low-dose sorafenib group showed a significant tumor growth delay with significantly more CD3+ cells in tumor. This study demonstrates that sorafenib has immunomodulatory effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Higher dose of sorafenib treatment was associated with immunosuppressive action. This observed effect of sorafenib should be taken into consideration in the selection of optimum starting dose for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka V Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Leslie I Curtin
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resources, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Daniel T Fisher
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sarah A Schihl
- Bioanalytics, Metabolomics, and Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gerald Fetterly
- Bioanalytics, Metabolomics, and Pharmacokinetics Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Stephan Menne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Shenoy GN, Loyall J, Maguire O, Iyer V, Kelleher RJ, Minderman H, Wallace PK, Odunsi K, Balu-Iyer SV, Bankert RB. Exosomes Associated with Human Ovarian Tumors Harbor a Reversible Checkpoint of T-cell Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:236-247. [PMID: 29301753 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized membrane-encapsulated extracellular vesicles isolated from the ascites fluids of ovarian cancer patients are identified as exosomes based on their biophysical and compositional characteristics. We report here that T cells pulsed with these tumor-associated exosomes during TCR-dependent activation inhibit various activation endpoints including translocation of NFκB and NFAT into the nucleus, upregulation of CD69 and CD107a, production of cytokines, and cell proliferation. In addition, the activation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells that are stimulated with the cognate viral peptides presented in the context of class I MHC is also suppressed by the exosomes. The inhibition occurs without loss of cell viability and coincidentally with the binding and internalization of these exosomes. This exosome-mediated inhibition of T cells was transient and reversible: T cells exposed to exosomes can be reactivated once exosomes are removed. We conclude that tumor-associated exosomes are immunosuppressive and represent a therapeutic target, blockade of which would enhance the antitumor response of quiescent tumor-associated T cells and prevent the functional arrest of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells or chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 236-47. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jenni Loyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Vandana Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Raymond J Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Richard B Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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McFarlin BK, Gary MA. Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry. Methods 2016; 112:1-8. [PMID: 27620330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Melody A Gary
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States
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