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Sklar AL, Matinrazm S, Esseku A, López-Caballero F, Ren X, Chlpka L, Curtis M, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Intensity-dependent modulation of the early auditory gamma-band response in first-episode schizophrenia and its association with disease symptoms. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:261-268. [PMID: 38581829 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-band activity has been the focus of considerable research in schizophrenia. Discrepancies exist regarding the integrity of the early auditory gamma-band response (EAGBR), a stimulus-evoked oscillation, and its relationship to symptoms in early disease. Variability in task design may play a role. This study examined sensitivity of the EAGBR to stimulus intensity and its relation to symptoms and functional impairments in the first-episode schizophrenia spectrum (FESz). METHOD Magnetoencephalography was recorded from 35 FESz and 40 matched healthy controls (HC) during presentation of 3 tone intensities (75 dB, 80 dB, 85 dB). MRIs were collected to localize auditory cortex activity. Wavelet-transformed single trial epochs and trial averages were used to assess EAGBR intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) and evoked power, respectively. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS Groups did not differ in overall EAGBR power or ITPC. While HC exhibited EAGBR enhancement to increasing intensity, FESz exhibited reduced power to the 80 dB tone and, relative to HC, increased power to the 75 dB tone. Larger power and ITPC were correlated with more severe negative, thought disorganization, and resistance symptoms. Stronger ITPC was associated with impaired social functioning. DISCUSSION EAGBR showed no overall deficit at disease onset. Rather, FESz exhibited a differential response across tone intensity relative to HC, emphasizing the importance of stimulus characteristics in EAGBR studies. Associations between larger EAGBR and more severe symptoms suggest aberrant synchronization driving overinclusive perceptual binding that may relate to deficits in executive inhibition of initial sensory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo L Sklar
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayna Matinrazm
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annika Esseku
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fran López-Caballero
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lydia Chlpka
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Moncrieff D, Schmithorst V. Behavioral and Cortical Activation Changes in Children Following Auditory Training for Dichotic Deficits. Brain Sci 2024; 14:183. [PMID: 38391757 PMCID: PMC10887284 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We report changes following auditory rehabilitation for interaural asymmetry (ARIA) training in behavioral test performance and cortical activation in children identified with dichotic listening deficits. In a one group pretest-posttest design, measures of dichotic listening, speech perception in noise, and frequency pattern identification were assessed before and 3 to 4.5 months after completing an auditory training protocol designed to improve binaural processing of verbal material. Functional MRI scans were also acquired before and after treatment while participants passively listened in silence or to diotic or dichotic digits. Significant improvements occurred after ARIA training for dichotic listening and speech-in-noise tests. Post-ARIA, fMRI activation increased during diotic tasks in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal regions and during dichotic tasks, decreased in the left precentral gyrus, right-hemisphere pars triangularis, and right dorsolateral and ventral prefrontal cortices, regions known to be engaged in phonologic processing and working memory. The results suggest that children with dichotic deficits may benefit from the ARIA program because of reorganization of cortical capacity required for listening and a reduced need for higher-order, top-down processing skills when listening to dichotic presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Moncrieff
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Vanessa Schmithorst
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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3
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Diehl GW, Redish AD. Measuring excitation-inhibition balance through spectral components of local field potentials. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.24.577086. [PMID: 38328057 PMCID: PMC10849740 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The balance between excitation and inhibition is critical to brain functioning, and dysregulation of this balance is a hallmark of numerous psychiatric conditions. Measuring this excitation-inhibition (E:I) balance in vivo has remained difficult, but theoretical models have proposed that characteristics of local field potentials (LFP) may provide an accurate proxy. To establish a conclusive link between LFP and E:I balance, we recorded single units and LFP from the prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats during decision making. Dynamic measures of synaptic coupling strength facilitated direct quantification of E:I balance and revealed a strong inverse relationship to broadband spectral power of LFP. These results provide a critical link between LFP and underlying network properties, opening the door for non-invasive recordings to measure E:I balance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Diehl
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - A David Redish
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Zhang JX, Dixon ML, Goldin PR, Spiegel D, Gross JJ. The Neural Separability of Emotion Reactivity and Regulation. Affect Sci 2023; 4:617-629. [PMID: 38156247 PMCID: PMC10751283 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-023-00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
One foundational distinction in affective science is between emotion reactivity and regulation. This conceptual distinction has long been assumed to be instantiated in spatially separable brain systems (a typical example: amygdala/insula for reactivity and frontoparietal areas for regulation). In this research, we begin by reviewing previous findings that support and contradict the neural separability hypothesis concerning emotional reactivity and regulation. Further, we conduct a direct test of this hypothesis with empirical data. In five studies involving healthy and clinical samples (total n = 336), we assessed neural responses using fMRI while participants were asked to either react naturally or regulate their emotions (using reappraisal) while viewing emotionally evocative stimuli. Across five studies, we failed to find support for the neural separability hypothesis. In univariate analyses, both presumptive "reactivity" and "regulation" brain regions demonstrated equal or greater activation for the reactivity contrast than for the regulation contrast. In multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA), classifiers decoded reactivity (vs. neutral) trials more accurately than regulation (vs. reactivity) trials using multivoxel data in both presumptive "reactivity" and "regulation" regions. These findings suggest that emotion reactivity and regulation-as measured via fMRI-may not be as spatially separable in the brain as previously assumed. Our secondary whole-brain analyses revealed largely consistent results. We discuss the two theoretical possibilities regarding the neural separability hypothesis and offer thoughts for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-023-00227-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matt L. Dixon
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Philippe R. Goldin
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - David Spiegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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5
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Smith SE, Kosik EL, van Engen Q, Kohn J, Hill AT, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Hadas I, Voytek B. Magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy increase aperiodic activity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:347. [PMID: 37968260 PMCID: PMC10651875 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. One of the most efficacious treatments for treatment-resistant MDD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Recently, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) was developed as an alternative to ECT due to its more favorable side effect profile. While these approaches have been very successful clinically, the neural mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects are unknown. For example, clinical "slowing" of the electroencephalogram beginning in the postictal state and extending days to weeks post-treatment has been observed in both treatment modalities. However, a recent longitudinal study of a small cohort of ECT patients revealed that, rather than delta oscillations, clinical slowing was better explained by increases in aperiodic activity, an emerging EEG signal linked to neural inhibition. Here we investigate the role of aperiodic activity in a cohort of patients who received ECT and a cohort of patients who received MST treatment. We find that aperiodic neural activity increases significantly in patients receiving either ECT or MST. Although not directly related to clinical efficacy in this dataset, increased aperiodic activity is linked to greater amounts of neural inhibition, which is suggestive of a potential shared neural mechanism of action across ECT and MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Smith
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Eena L Kosik
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quirine van Engen
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Itay Hadas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley Voytek
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Smith SE, Ma V, Gonzalez C, Chapman A, Printz D, Voytek B, Soltani M. Clinical EEG slowing induced by electroconvulsive therapy is better described by increased frontal aperiodic activity. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:348. [PMID: 37968263 PMCID: PMC10651871 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most efficacious interventions for treatment-resistant depression. Despite its efficacy, ECT's neural mechanism of action remains unknown. Although ECT has been associated with "slowing" in the electroencephalogram (EEG), how this change relates to clinical improvement is unresolved. Until now, increases in slow-frequency power have been assumed to indicate increases in slow oscillations, without considering the contribution of aperiodic activity, a process with a different physiological mechanism. In this exploratory study of nine MDD patients, we show that aperiodic activity, indexed by the aperiodic exponent, increases with ECT treatment. This increase better explains EEG "slowing" when compared to power in oscillatory peaks in the delta (1-3 Hz) range and is correlated to clinical improvement. In accordance with computational models of excitation-inhibition balance, these increases in aperiodic exponent are linked to increasing levels of inhibitory activity, suggesting that ECT might ameliorate depressive symptoms by restoring healthy levels of inhibition in frontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Smith
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Vincent Ma
- Los Angeles General Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celene Gonzalez
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Chapman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Printz
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley Voytek
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Soltani
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Smith SE, Kosik EL, van Engen Q, Kohn J, Hill AT, Zomorrodi R, Blumberger DM, Daskalakis ZJ, Hadas I, Voytek B. Magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy increase aperiodic activity. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.11.23284450. [PMID: 36711765 PMCID: PMC9882553 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.23284450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. One of the most efficacious treatments for treatment-resistant MDD is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Recently, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) was developed as an alternative to ECT due to its more favorable side effect profile. While these approaches have been very successful clinically, the neural mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects are unknown. For example, clinical "slowing" of the electroencephalogram beginning in the postictal state and extending days to weeks post-treatment has been observed in both treatment modalities. However, a recent longitudinal study of a small cohort of ECT patients revealed that, rather than delta oscillations, clinical slowing was better explained by increases in aperiodic activity, an emerging EEG signal linked to neural inhibition. Here we investigate the role of aperiodic activity in a cohort of patients who received ECT and a cohort of patients who received MST treatment. We find that aperiodic neural activity increases significantly in patients receiving either ECT or MST. Although not directly related to clinical efficacy in this dataset, increased aperiodic activity is linked to greater amounts of neural inhibition, which is suggestive of a potential shared neural mechanism of action across ECT and MST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E. Smith
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eena L. Kosik
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Quirine van Engen
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Kohn
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aron T. Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Reza Zomorrodi
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel M. Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zafiris J. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Itay Hadas
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bradley Voytek
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sandström A, Ellerbrock I, Tour J, Kadetoff D, Jensen K, Kosek E. Dysfunctional Activation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex During Pain Anticipation Is Associated With Altered Subsequent Pain Experience in Fibromyalgia Patients. J Pain 2023; 24:1731-1743. [PMID: 37354157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately predict pain is an adaptive feature in healthy individuals. However, in chronic pain, this mechanism may be selectively impaired and can lead to increased anxiety and excessive avoidance behavior. Recently, we reported the first data demonstrating brain activation in fibromyalgia (FM) patients during conditioned pain responses, in which FM patients revealed a tendency to form new pain-related associations rather than extinguishing irrelevant ones. The aim of the present study was to extend our previous analysis, to elucidate potential neural divergences between subjects with FM (n = 65) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 33) during anticipatory information (ie, prior to painful stimulus onset). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the current analyses include 1) a congruently cued paradigm of low and high pain predictive cues, followed by 2) an incongruently cued paradigm where low and high pain predictive cues were followed by an identical mid-intensity painful pressure. During incongruently cued high-pain associations, FM exhibited reduced left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation compared to HCs, which was followed by an altered subsequent pain experience in FM, as patients continued to rate the following painful stimuli as high, even though the pressure had been lowered. During congruently cued low pain anticipation, FM exhibited decreased right dlPFC activation compared to HCs, as well as decreased brain connectivity between brain regions implicated in cognitive modulation of pain (dlPFC) and nociceptive processing (primary somatosensory cortex/postcentral gyrus [S1] and supplementary motor area [SMA]/midcingulate cortex [MCC]). These results may reflect an important feature of validating low pain expectations in HCs and help elucidate behavioral reports of impaired safety processing in FM patients. PERSPECTIVE: FM exhibited a stronger conditioned pain response for high-pain associations, which was associated with reduced dlPFC activation during the incongruent trial. During (congruent and incongruent) low pain associations, FM dlPFC brain activation remained indifferent. Imbalances in threat and safety pain perception may be an important target for psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Sandström
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabel Ellerbrock
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Tour
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology and Surgery, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Diana Kadetoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Spine Center, Löwenströmska Hospital, Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - Karin Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Moustafa IM, Diab AAM, Harrison DE. Does Forward Head Posture Influence Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Somatosensory Processing in Asymptomatic Young Adults? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093217. [PMID: 37176657 PMCID: PMC10179616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current investigation used somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to assess differences in sensorimotor integration and somatosensory processing variables between asymptomatic individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP). We assessed different neural regions of the somatosensory pathway, including the amplitudes of the peripheral N9, spinal N13, brainstem P14, peak-to-peak amplitudes of parietal N20 and P27, and frontal N30 potentials. Central conduction time (N13-N20) was measured as the difference in peak latencies of N13 and N20. We measured these variables in 60 participants with FHP defined as a craniovertebral angle (CVA) < 50° and 60 control participants matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) with normal FHP defined as CVA > 55°. Differences in variable measures were examined using the parametric t-test. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the CVA and sensorimotor integration and SEP measurements. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to compare the SEP measures between groups, with adjustment for educational level, marital status, BMI, and working hours per week. There were statistically significant differences between the FHP group and control group for all sensorimotor integration and SEP processing variables, including the amplitudes of spinal N13 (p < 0.005), brainstem P14 (p < 0.005), peak-to-peak amplitudes of parietal N20 and P27 (p < 0.005), frontal N30 potentials (p < 0.005), and the conduction time N13-N20 (p = 0.004). The CVA significantly correlated with all measured neurophysiological variables indicating that as FHP increased, sensorimotor integration and SEP processing became less efficient. FHP group correlations were: N9 (r = -0.44, p < 0.001); N13 (r = -0.67, p < 0.001); P14 (r = -0.58, p < 0.001); N20 (r = -0.49, p = 0.001); P27 (r = -0.58, p < 0.001); N30 potentials (r = -0.64, p < 0.001); and N13-N20 (r = -0.61, p < 0.001). GLM identified that increased working hours adversely affected the SEP measures (p < 0.005), while each 1° increase in the CVA was associated with improved SEP amplitudes and more efficient central conduction time (N13-N20; p < 0.005). Less efficient sensorimotor integration and SEP processing may be related to previous scientific reports of altered sensorimotor control and athletic skill measures in populations with FHP. Future investigations should seek to replicate our findings in different spine disorders and symptomatic populations in an effort to understand how improving forward head posture might benefit functional outcomes of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Moustafa
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS-Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aliaa Attiah Mohamed Diab
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Deed E Harrison
- CBP Nonprofit (A Spine Research Foundation), Eagle, ID 83616, USA
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10
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Phylactou P, Shimi A, Konstantinou N. Causal evidence for the role of the sensory visual cortex in visual short-term memory maintenance. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230321. [PMID: 37090966 PMCID: PMC10113812 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of the sensory visual cortex during visual short-term memory (VSTM) remains controversial. This controversy is possibly due to methodological issues in previous attempts to investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on VSTM. The aim of this study was to use TMS, while covering previous methodological deficits. Sixty-four young adults were recruited to participate in two experiments (Experiment 1: n = 36; Experiment 2: n = 28) using a VSTM orientation change-detection task under TMS. Monocular vision was ensured using red-blue goggles combined with red-blue stimuli. Double-pulse TMS was delivered at different times (Experiment 1: 0, 200 or 1000 ms; Experiment 2: 200, 1000 ms) during a 2 s maintenance phase, on one side of the occipital hemisphere. In Experiment 2, a sham TMS condition was introduced. Decreased detection sensitivity (d') in the ipsilateral occipital hemisphere to visual hemifield, and in the real TMS (compared with sham TMS) condition indicated inhibitory TMS effects, and thus, a causal involvement of the sensory visual cortex during early (200 ms) and late (1000 ms) maintenance in VSTM. These findings are aligned with sensory recruitment, which proposes that both perceptual and memory processes rely upon the same neural substrates in the sensory visual cortex. The methods used in this study were preregistered and had received in-principle acceptance on 6 June 2022 (Stage 1 protocol can be found in: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EMPDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Phivos Phylactou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3041, Cyprus
| | - Andria Shimi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Education, University of Cyprus, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Konstantinou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3041, Cyprus
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11
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Ramdeo KR, Rehsi RS, Foglia SD, Turco CV, Toepp SL, Nelson AJ. Experimental environment improves the reliability of short-latency afferent inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281867. [PMID: 36812217 PMCID: PMC9946256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates attention can alter afferent inhibition, a Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) evoked measure of cortical inhibition following somatosensory input. When peripheral nerve stimulation is delivered prior to TMS, a phenomenon known as afferent inhibition occurs. The latency between the peripheral nerve stimulation dictates the subtype of afferent inhibition evoked, either short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) or long latency afferent inhibition (LAI). While afferent inhibition is emerging as a valuable tool for clinical assessment of sensorimotor function, the reliability of the measure remains relatively low. Therefore, to improve the translation of afferent inhibition within and beyond the research lab, the reliability of the measure must be improved. Previous literature suggests that the focus of attention can modify the magnitude of afferent inhibition. As such, controlling the focus of attention may be one method to improve the reliability of afferent inhibition. In the present study, the magnitude and reliability of SAI and LAI was assessed under four conditions with varying attentional demands focused on the somatosensory input that evokes SAI and LAI circuits. Thirty individuals participated in four conditions; three conditions were identical in their physical parameters and varied only in the focus of directed attention (visual attend, tactile attend, non- directed attend) and one condition consisted of no external physical parameters (no stimulation). Reliability was measured by repeating conditions at three time points to assess intrasession and intersession reliability. Results indicate that the magnitude of SAI and LAI were not modulated by attention. However, the reliability of SAI demonstrated increased intrasession and intersession reliability compared to the no stimulation condition. The reliability of LAI was unaffected by the attention conditions. This research demonstrates the impact of attention/arousal on the reliability of afferent inhibition and has identified new parameters to inform the design of TMS research to improve reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravjot S. Rehsi
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Stevie D. Foglia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Claudia V. Turco
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Toepp
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Campbell J, Rouse R, Nielsen M, Potter S. Sensory Inhibition and Speech Perception-in-Noise Performance in Children With Normal Hearing. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2023; 66:382-399. [PMID: 36480698 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated whether sensory inhibition in children may be associated with speech perception-in-noise performance. Additionally, gating networks associated with sensory inhibition were identified via standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), and the detectability of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) N1 response was enhanced using a 4- to 30-Hz bandpass filter. METHOD CAEP gating responses, reflective of inhibition, were evoked via click pairs and recorded using high-density electroencephalography in neurotypical 5- to 8-year-olds and 22- to 24-year-olds. Amplitude gating indices were calculated and correlated with speech perception in noise. Gating generators were estimated using sLORETA. A 4- to 30-Hz filter was applied to detect the N1 gating component. RESULTS Preliminary findings indicate children showed reduced gating, but there was a correlational trend between better speech perception and decreased N2 gating. Commensurate with decreased gating, children presented with incomplete compensatory gating networks. The 4- to 30-Hz filter identified the N1 response in a subset of children. CONCLUSIONS There was a tenuous relationship between children's speech perception and sensory inhibition. This may suggest that sensory inhibition is only implicated in atypically poor speech perception. Finally, the 4- to 30-Hz filter settings are critical in N1 detectability. SIGNIFICANCE Gating may help evaluate reduced sensory inhibition in children with clinically poor speech perception using the appropriate methodology. Cortical gating generators in typically developing children are also newly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rixon Rouse
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sheri Potter
- Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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13
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Moustafa I, Kim M, Harrison DE. Comparison of Sensorimotor Integration and Skill-Related Physical Fitness Components Between College Athletes With and Without Forward Head Posture. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:53-62. [PMID: 35894888 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sensorimotor integration and skill-related physical fitness components for participants with forward head posture (FHP) compared with strictly matched controls with normal head alignment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured FHP, sensorimotor processing, and skill-related physical fitness variables in 50 participants with FHP and in 50 participants matched for age, gender, and body mass index with normal FHP, defined as having a craniovertebral angle >55°. Sensorimotor processing and integration variables were: (1) amplitudes of the spinal N13, (2) brainstem P14, (3) parietal N20 and P27, and (4) frontal N30 potentials. The skill-related physical fitness variables selected for the study were (1) T-test agility, (2) leg power, (3) stork static balance test, and (4) Y-balance test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the FHP group and control group for the sensorimotor integration variable: frontal N30 potentials (P < .05). Additionally, between-group differences were found for the sensorimotor processing variables: amplitudes of spinal N13, brainstem P14, and parietal N20, and P27 (P < .05). Statistically significant differences between groups for the skill-related physical fitness variables were also identified: T-test agility, leg power, stork static balance test, and Y-balance test (P < .05). The magnitude of the craniovertebral angle showed a correlation with all measured variables (P < .05). CONCLUSION College athletes with FHP exhibited altered sensorimotor processing and integration measurements and less efficient skill-related physical fitness compared with athletes with normal sagittal head posture alignment.
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14
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Gomes BA, Plaska CR, Ortega J, Ellmore TM. A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study of thalamic load-dependent working memory delay period activity. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1132061. [PMID: 36910125 PMCID: PMC9997713 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Working memory (WM) is an essential component of executive functions which depend on maintaining task-related information online for brief periods in both the presence and absence of interfering stimuli. Active maintenance occurs during the WM delay period, the time between stimulus encoding and subsequent retrieval. Previous studies have extensively documented prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex activity during the WM delay period, but the role of subcortical structures including the thalamus remains to be fully elucidated, especially in humans. Methods Using a simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach, we investigated the role of the thalamus during the WM delay period in a modified Sternberg paradigm following low and high memory load encoding of naturalistic scenes. During the delay, participants passively viewed scrambled scenes containing similar color and spatial frequency to serve as a perceptual baseline. Individual source estimation was weighted by the location of the thalamic fMRI signal relative to the WM delay period onset. Results The effects memory load on maintenance were observed bilaterally in thalamus with higher EEG source amplitudes in the low compared to high load condition occurring 160-390 ms after the onset of the delay period. Conclusion The main finding that thalamic activation was elevated during the low compared to high condition despite similar duration of perceptual input and upcoming motor requirements suggests a capacity-limited role for sensory filtering of the thalamus during consolidation of stimuli into WM, where the highest activity occurs when fewer stimuli need to be maintained in the presence of interfering perceptual stimuli during the delay. The results are discussed in the context of theories regarding the role of the thalamus in sensory gating during working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Gomes
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chelsea Reichert Plaska
- Doctoral Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jefferson Ortega
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Timothy M Ellmore
- Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Doctoral Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Ma Y, Gong A, Nan W, Ding P, Wang F, Fu Y. Personalized Brain-Computer Interface and Its Applications. J Pers Med 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 36675707 PMCID: PMC9861730 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a new technology that subverts traditional human-computer interaction, where the control signal source comes directly from the user's brain. When a general BCI is used for practical applications, it is difficult for it to meet the needs of different individuals because of the differences among individual users in physiological and mental states, sensations, perceptions, imageries, cognitive thinking activities, and brain structures and functions. For this reason, it is necessary to customize personalized BCIs for specific users. So far, few studies have elaborated on the key scientific and technical issues involved in personalized BCIs. In this study, we will focus on personalized BCIs, give the definition of personalized BCIs, and detail their design, development, evaluation methods and applications. Finally, the challenges and future directions of personalized BCIs are discussed. It is expected that this study will provide some useful ideas for innovative studies and practical applications of personalized BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ma
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Engineering University, Xian 710086, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunfa Fu
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Group, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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16
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Tapper A, Staines WR, Niechwiej-Szwedo E. EEG reveals deficits in sensory gating and cognitive processing in asymptomatic adults with a history of concussion. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1266-1279. [PMID: 36071612 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2120210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with a concussion history tend to perform worse on dual-tasks compared controls but the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to these deficits are not understood. This study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate sensory gating and cognitive processing in athletes with and without a history of concussion while they performed a challenging dual-task. METHODS We recorded sensory (P50, N100) and cognitive (P300) ERPs in 30 athletes (18 no previous concussion; 12 history of concussion) while they simultaneously performed an auditory oddball task and a working memory task that progressively increased in difficulty. RESULTS The concussion group had reduced auditory performance as workload increased compared to the no-concussion group. Sensory gating and cognitive processing were reduced in the concussion group indicating problems with filtering relevant from irrelevant information and appropriately allocating resources. Sensory gating (N100) was positively correlated with cognitive processing (P300) at the hardest workload in the no-concussion group but negatively correlated in the concussion group. CONCLUSION Concussions result in long-term problems in behavioral performance, which may be due to poorer sensory gating that impacts cognitive processing. SIGNIFICANCE Problems effectively gating sensory information may influence the availability or allocation of attention at the cognitive stage in those with a concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tapper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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17
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Sauvé SA, Bolt ELW, Nozaradan S, Zendel BR. Aging effects on neural processing of rhythm and meter. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:848608. [PMID: 36118692 PMCID: PMC9475293 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.848608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When listening to musical rhythm, humans can perceive and move to beat-like metrical pulses. Recently, it has been hypothesized that meter perception is related to brain activity responding to the acoustic fluctuation of the rhythmic input, with selective enhancement of the brain response elicited at meter-related frequencies. In the current study, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while younger (<35) and older (>60) adults listened to rhythmic patterns presented at two different tempi while intermittently performing a tapping task. Despite significant hearing loss compared to younger adults, older adults showed preserved brain activity to the rhythms. However, age effects were observed in the distribution of amplitude across frequencies. Specifically, in contrast with younger adults, older adults showed relatively larger amplitude at the frequency corresponding to the rate of individual events making up the rhythms as compared to lower meter-related frequencies. This difference is compatible with larger N1-P2 potentials as generally observed in older adults in response to acoustic onsets, irrespective of meter perception. These larger low-level responses to sounds have been linked to processes by which age-related hearing loss would be compensated by cortical sensory mechanisms. Importantly, this low-level effect would be associated here with relatively reduced neural activity at lower frequencies corresponding to higher-level metrical grouping of the acoustic events, as compared to younger adults.
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18
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Banks PJ, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB, Gruber AJ. Cannabis use is associated with sexually dimorphic changes in executive control of visuospatial decision-making. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:884080. [PMID: 36081608 PMCID: PMC9445243 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.884080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
When the outcome of a choice is less favorable than expected, humans and animals typically shift to an alternate choice option on subsequent trials. Several lines of evidence indicate that this “lose-shift” responding is an innate sensorimotor response strategy that is normally suppressed by executive function. Therefore, the lose-shift response provides a covert gauge of cognitive control over choice mechanisms. We report here that the spatial position, rather than visual features, of choice targets drives the lose-shift effect. Furthermore, the ability to inhibit lose-shift responding to gain reward is different among male and female habitual cannabis users. Increased self-reported cannabis use was concordant with suppressed response flexibility and an increased tendency to lose-shift in women, which reduced performance in a choice task in which random responding is the optimal strategy. On the other hand, increased cannabis use in men was concordant with reduced reliance on spatial cues during decision-making, and had no impact on the number of correct responses. These data (63,600 trials from 106 participants) provide strong evidence that spatial-motor processing is an important component of economic decision-making, and that its governance by executive systems is different in men and women who use cannabis frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker J. Banks
- Vision and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Bennett
- Vision and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison B. Sekuler
- Vision and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, North York, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron J. Gruber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron J. Gruber
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19
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Bidelman GM, Chow R, Noly-Gandon A, Ryan JD, Bell KL, Rizzi R, Alain C. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Listening to Preferred Music Alters Cortical Speech Processing in Older Adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884130. [PMID: 35873829 PMCID: PMC9298650 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve cognitive performance in older adults. Similarly, music listening may improve arousal and stimulate subsequent performance on memory-related tasks. We examined the synergistic effects of tDCS paired with music listening on auditory neurobehavioral measures to investigate causal evidence of short-term plasticity in speech processing among older adults. In a randomized sham-controlled crossover study, we measured how combined anodal tDCS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) paired with listening to autobiographically salient music alters neural speech processing in older adults compared to either music listening (sham stimulation) or tDCS alone. EEG assays included both frequency-following responses (FFRs) and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) to trace neuromodulation-related changes at brainstem and cortical levels. Relative to music without tDCS (sham), we found tDCS alone (without music) modulates the early cortical neural encoding of speech in the time frame of ∼100-150 ms. Whereas tDCS by itself appeared to largely produce suppressive effects (i.e., reducing ERP amplitude), concurrent music with tDCS restored responses to those of the music+sham levels. However, the interpretation of this effect is somewhat ambiguous as this neural modulation could be attributable to a true effect of tDCS or presence/absence music. Still, the combined benefit of tDCS+music (above tDCS alone) was correlated with listeners' education level suggesting the benefit of neurostimulation paired with music might depend on listener demographics. tDCS changes in speech-FFRs were not observed with DLPFC stimulation. Improvements in working memory pre to post session were also associated with better speech-in-noise listening skills. Our findings provide new causal evidence that combined tDCS+music relative to tDCS-alone (i) modulates the early (100-150 ms) cortical encoding of speech and (ii) improves working memory, a cognitive skill which may indirectly bolster noise-degraded speech perception in older listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin M. Bidelman
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Gavin M. Bidelman,
| | - Ricky Chow
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer D. Ryan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen L. Bell
- Department of Audiology, San José State University, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Rose Rizzi
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Coffman BA, Ren X, Longenecker J, Torrence N, Fishel V, Seebold D, Wang Y, Curtis M, Salisbury DF. Aberrant attentional modulation of the auditory steady state response (ASSR) is related to auditory hallucination severity in the first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:188-196. [PMID: 35490500 PMCID: PMC9703618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is reduced early in schizophrenia, with differences evident even at the first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis (FESz). Although robust, there is high variability in effect size across studies, possibly due to differences in experimental control of attention and heterogeneity of symptom profiles across studies, both of which may affect the ASSR. We investigated the relationships among ASSR deficits, attention-mediated sensory gain, and auditory hallucinations in 25 FESz (15 male; 23.3 ± 4.5 years) and 32 matched healthy comparison subjects (HC, 22 male; 24.7 ± 5.8 years). ASSR was measured to 40-Hz click trains at three intensities (75, 80, and 85 dB) while participants attended or ignored stimuli. ASSR evoked power and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) were measured using the Morlet wavelet transform. FESz did not show overall ASSR power reduction (p > 0.1), but power was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.1). Likewise, FESz did not evince overall ASSR ITPC reduction (p > 0.1), and ITPC was significantly increased with attention in HC (p < 0.01), but not in FESz (p > 0.09). Attention-related change in ASSR correlated with auditory hallucination severity for power (r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and ITPC (r = -0.58, p < 0.01). FESz with auditory hallucinations may have pathologically increased basal excitability of auditory cortex and consequent reduced ability to further increase auditory cortex sensory gain with focused attention. These findings indicate hallucination-related pathophysiology early in schizophrenia and may guide novel intervention strategies aimed to modulate basal activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Coffman
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julia Longenecker
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Torrence
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vanessa Fishel
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiming Wang
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Curtis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F. Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 Forbes Ave, Suite 420, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. (D.F. Salisbury)
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Phylactou P, Traikapi A, Papadatou-Pastou M, Konstantinou N. Sensory recruitment in visual short-term memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sensory visual cortex interference using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychon Bull Rev 2022. [PMID: 35606595 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sensory visual areas are involved in encoding information in visual short-term memory (VSTM). Yet it remains unclear whether sensory visual cortex is a necessary component of the brain network for maintenance of information in VSTM. Here, we aimed to systematically review studies that have investigated the role of the sensory visual cortex in VSTM using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and to quantitatively explore these effects using meta-analyses. Fourteen studies were identified and reviewed. Eight studies provided sufficient data for meta-analysis. Two meta-analyses, one regarding the VSTM encoding phase (17 effect sizes) and one regarding the VSTM maintenance phase (15 effect sizes), two meta-regressions (32 effect sizes in each), and one exploratory meta-analysis were conducted. Our results indicate that the sensory visual cortex is similarly involved in both the encoding and maintenance VSTM phase. We suggest that some cases where evidence did not show significant TMS effects was due to low memory or perceptual task demands. Overall, these findings support the idea that sensory visual areas are part of the brain network responsible for successfully maintaining information in VSTM.
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22
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Disbrow EA, Glassy ND, Dressler EM, Russo K, Franz EA, Turner RS, Ventura MI, Hinkley L, Zweig R, Nagarajan SS, Ledbetter CR, Sigvardt KA. Cortical oscillatory dysfunction in Parkinson disease during movement activation and inhibition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257711. [PMID: 35245294 PMCID: PMC8896690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Response activation and inhibition are functions fundamental to executive control that are disrupted in Parkinson disease (PD). We used magnetoencephalography to examine event related changes in oscillatory power amplitude, peak latency and frequency in cortical networks subserving these functions and identified abnormalities associated with PD. Participants (N = 18 PD, 18 control) performed a cue/target task that required initiation of an un-cued movement (activation) or inhibition of a cued movement. Reaction times were variable but similar across groups. Task related responses in gamma, alpha, and beta power were found across cortical networks including motor cortex, supplementary and pre- supplementary motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate. PD-related changes in power and latency were noted most frequently in the beta band, however, abnormal power and delayed peak latency in the alpha band in the pre-supplementary motor area was suggestive of a compensatory mechanism. PD peak power was delayed in pre-supplementary motor area, motor cortex, and medial frontal gyrus only for activation, which is consistent with deficits in un-cued (as opposed to cued) movement initiation characteristic of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Disbrow
- LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nathaniel D. Glassy
- LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Dressler
- LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kimberley Russo
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Franz
- Action Brain and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, and fMRIotago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert S. Turner
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Leighton Hinkley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Zweig
- LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christina R. Ledbetter
- LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Karen A. Sigvardt
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
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23
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ElShafei HA, Masson R, Fakche C, Fornoni L, Moulin A, Caclin A, Bidet-Caulet A. Age-related differences in bottom-up and top-down attention: Insights from EEG and MEG. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1215-1231. [PMID: 35112420 PMCID: PMC9303169 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention operates through top‐down and bottom‐up processes, and a balance between these processes is crucial for daily tasks. Imperilling such balance could explain ageing‐associated attentional problems such as exacerbated distractibility. In this study, we aimed to characterize this enhanced distractibility by investigating the impact of ageing upon event‐related components associated with top‐down and bottom‐up attentional processes. MEG and EEG data were acquired from 14 older and 14 younger healthy adults while performing a task that conjointly evaluates top‐down and bottom‐up attention. Event‐related components were analysed on sensor and source levels. In comparison with the younger group, the older mainly displayed (1) reduced target anticipation processes (reduced CMV), (2) increased early target processing (larger P50 but smaller N1) and (3) increased processing of early distracting sounds (larger N1 but reduced P3a), followed by a (4) prolonged reorientation towards the main task (larger RON). Taken together, our results suggest that the enhanced distractibility in ageing could stem from top‐down deficits, in particular from reduced inhibitory and reorientation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A ElShafei
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, EN, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rémy Masson
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Fakche
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Moulin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Caclin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University of Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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24
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Zhao HC, Lv R, Zhang GY, He LM, Cai XT, Sun Q, Yan CY, Bao XY, Lv XY, Fu B. Alterations of Prefrontal-Posterior Information Processing Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:768219. [PMID: 35173572 PMCID: PMC8841879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.768219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by different levels of repetitive and stereotypic behavior as well as deficits in social interaction and communication. In this current study, we explored the changes in cerebral neural activities in ASD. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there exists a dysfunction of interactive information processing between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD. We investigated the atypical connectivity and information flow between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions in ASD utilizing the entropy connectivity (a kind of directional connectivity) method. Eighty-nine patients with ASD and 94 typical developing (TD) teenagers participated in this study. Two-sample t-tests revealed weakened interactive entropy connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions. This result indicates that there exists interactive prefrontal-posterior underconnectivity in ASD, and this disorder might lead to less prior knowledge being used and updated. Our proposals highlighted that aforementioned atypical change might accelerate the deoptimization of brain networks in ASD.
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25
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Kerr-German A, Namuth A, Santosa H, Buss AT, White S. To snack or not to snack: Using fNIRS to link inhibitory control to functional connectivity in the toddler brain. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13229. [PMID: 35005833 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) emerges in infancy (Holmboe, Bonneville-Roussy, Csibra, & Johnson, 2018), continues to develop throughout childhood (Lui, Zhu, Zeigler, & Shi, 2015; Ordaz, Foran, Velanova, & Luna, 2013) and is linked to later life outcomes such as school achievement, prosocial behavior, and psychopathology (Duckworth, Tsukayama, & Kirby, 2013; Jaekel, Madzwamuse, & Wolke, 2015). Little, however, is known about the neural processes underpinning IC, especially in 2-year-olds. In this study, we examine functional connectivity in 2.5-year-olds while recording hemodynamic responses via functional infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a traditional snack delay task. We found that functional connectivity strength between left frontal and parietal cortex and bilateral parietal cortex were positively associated with performance on this task. The current findings present the first neural data for toddlers during this inhibitory control task. Further, these data are the first to link this self-regulatory process to differences in brain development within this population. Implications for future directions and work with clinical populations are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kerr-German
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Center for Childhood Deafness, Language and Learning
| | - August Namuth
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Center for Childhood Deafness, Language and Learning
| | | | - Aaron T Buss
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee
| | - Stuart White
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Institute for Human Neuroscience
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26
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Abstract
Colour conveys specific information about the status/quality of an object; whereas its role in object recognition has been widely studied, little is known about its role in sensorimotor processes. We performed three experiments to assess whether colour influences the motor representation of graspable objects. In Experiment 1, we used a grasp compatibility task, in which participants categorized each object as natural or artifact, by performing reach-to-grasp movements. Response grasps could be compatible or incompatible with the ones normally used to manipulate the objects. Results showed faster reaction times for natural objects displayed in the correct colour compared with both opposite colour and correct colour artifact objects. In Experiment 2, to directly assess the effect of colour on object motor representation, we used an interference task in which an irrelevant object was shown while performing a pre-specified reach-to-grasp movement (i.e., verbal cues: small vs. large). Results highlighted a reversed compatibility effect when objects were shown in their correct colour, but only at the beginning of the movement (10 ms SOA). Finally, we run a third experiment using the same task as in Experiment 2. In this experiment, we compared the grasp compatibility effect driven by natural objects with the grasp compatibility effect driven by dangerous natural objects (e.g., cactus), which are objects that should not elicit a grasping program. The results of Experiment 3 confirm those of Experiment 2, highlighting also specific processes related to dangerous objects. Taken together, these results revealed that colour can be significant for the motor system, highlighting the close link between colour and shape, and also specific processes related to dangerous objects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Riggio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.
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27
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Hirst RJ, Setti A, De Looze C, Kenny RA, Newell FN. Multisensory integration precision is associated with better cognitive performance over time in older adults: A large-scale exploratory study. Aging Brain 2022; 2:100038. [PMID: 36908873 PMCID: PMC9997173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related sensory decline impacts cognitive performance and exposes individuals to a greater risk of cognitive decline. Integration across the senses also changes with age, yet the link between multisensory perception and cognitive ageing is poorly understood. We explored the relationship between multisensory integration and cognitive function in 2875 adults aged 50 + from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Multisensory integration was assessed at several audio-visual temporal asynchronies using the Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI). More precise integration (i.e. less illusion susceptibility with larger temporal asynchronies) was cross-sectionally associated with faster Choice Response Times and Colour Trail Task performance, and fewer errors on the Sustained Attention to Response Task. We then used k-means clustering to identify groups with different 10-year cognitive trajectories on measures available longitudinally; delayed recall, immediate recall and verbal fluency. Across measures, groups with consistently higher performance trajectories had more precise multisensory integration. These findings support broad links between multisensory integration and several cognitive measures, including processing speed, attention and memory, rather than association with any specific subdomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Céline De Looze
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N. Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Habelt B, Wirth C, Afanasenkau D, Mihaylova L, Winter C, Arvaneh M, Minev IR, Bernhardt N. A Multimodal Neuroprosthetic Interface to Record, Modulate and Classify Electrophysiological Biomarkers Relevant to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:770274. [PMID: 34805123 PMCID: PMC8595111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.770274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mental disorders, such as addictive diseases or schizophrenia, are characterized by impaired cognitive function and behavior control originating from disturbances within prefrontal neural networks. Their often chronic reoccurring nature and the lack of efficient therapies necessitate the development of new treatment strategies. Brain-computer interfaces, equipped with multiple sensing and stimulation abilities, offer a new toolbox whose suitability for diagnosis and therapy of mental disorders has not yet been explored. This study, therefore, aimed to develop a biocompatible and multimodal neuroprosthesis to measure and modulate prefrontal neurophysiological features of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We used a 3D-printing technology to rapidly prototype customized bioelectronic implants through robot-controlled deposition of soft silicones and a conductive platinum ink. We implanted the device epidurally above the medial prefrontal cortex of rats and obtained auditory event-related brain potentials in treatment-naïve animals, after alcohol administration and following neuromodulation through implant-driven electrical brain stimulation and cortical delivery of the anti-relapse medication naltrexone. Towards smart neuroprosthetic interfaces, we furthermore developed machine learning algorithms to autonomously classify treatment effects within the neural recordings. The neuroprosthesis successfully captured neural activity patterns reflecting intact stimulus processing and alcohol-induced neural depression. Moreover, implant-driven electrical and pharmacological stimulation enabled successful enhancement of neural activity. A machine learning approach based on stepwise linear discriminant analysis was able to deal with sparsity in the data and distinguished treatments with high accuracy. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of multimodal bioelectronic systems to monitor, modulate and identify healthy and affected brain states with potential use in a personalized and optimized therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Habelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Wirth
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dzmitry Afanasenkau
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lyudmila Mihaylova
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahnaz Arvaneh
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan R. Minev
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Oguchi M, Tanaka S, Pan X, Kikusui T, Moriya-Ito K, Kato S, Kobayashi K, Sakagami M. Chemogenetic inactivation reveals the inhibitory control function of the prefronto-striatal pathway in the macaque brain. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1088. [PMID: 34531520 PMCID: PMC8446038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) has a strong monosynaptic connection with the caudate nucleus (CdN) of the striatum. Previous human MRI studies have suggested that this LPFC-CdN pathway plays an important role in inhibitory control and working memory. We aimed to validate the function of this pathway at a causal level by pathway-selective manipulation of neural activity in non-human primates. To this end, we trained macaque monkeys on a delayed oculomotor response task with reward asymmetry and expressed an inhibitory type of chemogenetic receptors selectively to LPFC neurons that project to the CdN. Ligand administration reduced the inhibitory control of impulsive behavior, as well as the task-related neuronal responses observed in the local field potentials from the LPFC and CdN. These results show that we successfully suppressed pathway-selective neural activity in the macaque brain, and the resulting behavioral changes suggest that the LPFC-CdN pathway is involved in inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineki Oguchi
- grid.412905.b0000 0000 9745 9416Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.252643.40000 0001 0029 6233School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- grid.412905.b0000 0000 9745 9416Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- grid.252643.40000 0001 0029 6233School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Moriya-Ito
- grid.272456.0Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- grid.411582.b0000 0001 1017 9540Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masamichi Sakagami
- grid.412905.b0000 0000 9745 9416Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Tennant JR, Adams MS, Brown KE, Staines WR. Long-term effects of concussion on relevancy-based modulation of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2431-9. [PMID: 34454270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to better understand the effects of concussions on the ability to selectively up or down-regulate incoming somatosensory information based on relevance. METHODS Median nerve somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited from electrical stimulation and recorded from scalp electrodes while participants completed tasks that altered the relevance of specific somatosensory information being conveyed along the stimulated nerve. RESULTS Within the control group, SEP amplitudes for task-relevant somatosensory information were significantly greater than for non-relevant somatosensory information at the earliest cortical processing potentials (N20-P27). Alternatively, the concussion history group showed similar SEP amplitudes for all conditions at early processing potentials, however a pattern similar to controls emerged later in the processing stream (P100) where both movement-related gating and facilitation of task-relevant information were present. CONCLUSIONS Previously concussed participants demonstrated impairments in the ability to up-regulate relevant somatosensory information at early processing stages. These effects appear to be chronic, as this pattern was observed on average several years after participants' most recent concussion. SIGNIFICANCE Given the role of the prefrontal cortex in relevancy-based facilitation during movement-related gating, these findings lend support to the notion that this brain area may be particularly vulnerable to concussive forces.
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31
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Nowak K, Costa-Faidella J, Dacewicz A, Escera C, Szelag E. Altered event-related potentials and theta oscillations index auditory working memory deficits in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:1-15. [PMID: 34464912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Speech comprehension deficits constitute a major issue for an increasingly aged population, as they may lead older individuals to social isolation. Since conversation requires constant monitoring, updating and selecting information, auditory working memory decline, rather than impoverished hearing acuity, has been suggested a core factor. However, in stark contrast to the visual domain, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory working memory deficits in healthy aging remain poorly understood, especially those related to on-the-fly information processing under increasing load. Therefore, we investigated the behavioral costs and electrophysiological differences associated with healthy aging and working memory load during continuous auditory processing. We recorded EEG activity from 27 younger (∼25 years) and 29 older (∼70 years) participants during their performance on an auditory version of the n-back task with speech syllables and 2 workload levels (1-back; 2-back). Behavioral measures were analyzed as indices of function; event-related potentials as proxies for sensory and cognitive processes; and theta oscillatory power as a reflection of memory and central executive function. Our results show age-related differences in auditory information processing within a latency range that is consistent with a series of impaired functions, from sensory gating to cognitive resource allocation during constant information updating, especially under high load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Nowak
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Costa-Faidella
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Dacewicz
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Szelag
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Vu AT, Feinberg DA. The Role of Cerebral Metabolism in Improving Time Pressured Decisions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:690198. [PMID: 34354635 PMCID: PMC8329240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.690198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) theory dictates that decisions can be made more quickly by sacrificing accuracy. Here we investigate whether the human brain can operate in a brief metabolic overdrive to overcome SAT and successfully make decisions requiring both high levels of speed and accuracy. In the context of BOLD fMRI we expect “a brief metabolic overdrive” to involve an increase in cerebral oxygen metabolism prior to increased cerebral blood flow–a phenomenon known as the “initial dip” which results from a sudden drop in oxyhemoglobin in perfusing blood. Human subjects performed a motion discrimination task consisting of different difficulties while emphasizing either accuracy (i.e., without time pressure) or both speed and accuracy (i.e., with time pressure). Using simultaneous multi-slice fMRI, for very fast (333 ms) measurement of whole brain BOLD activity, revealed two modes of physiological overdrive responses when subjects emphasized both speed and accuracy. The majority of subjects exhibited the hypothesized enhancement of initial dip amplitude in posterior visual cortex (PVC) with the size of the enhancement significantly correlated with improvement in behavioral performance. For these subjects, the traditionally analyzed post-stimulus overshoot was not affected by task emphasis. These results demonstrate the complexity and variability of the BOLD hemodynamic response. The discovered relationships between BOLD response and behavior were only observed when subjects emphasized both speed and accuracy in more difficult trials suggesting that the brain can perform in a state of metabolic overdrive with enhanced neural processing of sensory information specifically in challenging situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thanh Vu
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David A Feinberg
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technologies, Sebastopol, CA, United States.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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33
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Hwang K, Shine JM, Cellier D, D'Esposito M. The Human Intraparietal Sulcus Modulates Task-Evoked Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:875-887. [PMID: 31355407 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have demonstrated that flexible interactions between brain regions support a wide range of goal-directed behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie adaptive communication between brain regions are not well understood. In this study, we combined theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the sources of top-down biasing signals that influence task-evoked functional connectivity. Subjects viewed sequences of images of faces and buildings and were required to detect repetitions (2-back vs. 1-back) of the attended stimuli category (faces or buildings). We found that functional connectivity between ventral temporal cortex and the primary visual cortex (VC) increased during processing of task-relevant stimuli, especially during higher memory loads. Furthermore, the strength of functional connectivity was greater for correct trials. Increases in task-evoked functional connectivity strength were correlated with increases in activity in multiple frontal, parietal, and subcortical (caudate and thalamus) regions. Finally, we found that TMS to superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS), but not to primary somatosensory cortex, decreased task-specific modulation in connectivity patterns between the primary VC and the parahippocampal place area. These findings demonstrate that the human IPS is a source of top-down biasing signals that modulate task-evoked functional connectivity among task-relevant cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hwang
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - James M Shine
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dillan Cellier
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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34
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Jackson JB, Feredoes E, Rich AN, Lindner M, Woolgar A. Concurrent neuroimaging and neurostimulation reveals a causal role for dlPFC in coding of task-relevant information. Commun Biol 2021; 4:588. [PMID: 34002006 PMCID: PMC8128861 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is proposed to drive brain-wide focus by biasing processing in favour of task-relevant information. A longstanding debate concerns whether this is achieved through enhancing processing of relevant information and/or by inhibiting irrelevant information. To address this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during fMRI, and tested for causal changes in information coding. Participants attended to one feature, whilst ignoring another feature, of a visual object. If dlPFC is necessary for facilitation, disruptive TMS should decrease coding of attended features. Conversely, if dlPFC is crucial for inhibition, TMS should increase coding of ignored features. Here, we show that TMS decreases coding of relevant information across frontoparietal cortex, and the impact is significantly stronger than any effect on irrelevant information, which is not statistically detectable. This provides causal evidence for a specific role of dlPFC in enhancing task-relevant representations and demonstrates the cognitive-neural insights possible with concurrent TMS-fMRI-MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade B Jackson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Eva Feredoes
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Anina N Rich
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Lindner
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Giannopoulos AE, Zioga I, Papageorgiou PC, Kapsali F, Spantideas ST, Kapsalis NC, Capsalis CN, Kontoangelos K, Papageorgiou CC. Early auditory-evoked potentials in body dysmorphic disorder: An ERP/sLORETA study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 299:113865. [PMID: 33735739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by excessive preoccupation with imagined or slight physical defects in appearance. BDD is associated with cognitive impairments (attention, visual processing). Our study aims to evaluate the early neural responses (N100, P200) to prepulse inhibition (PPI) and prepulse facilitation (PPF), to investigate attentional processing of BDD in the auditory domain. Fifty-five adults took part: 30 BDD patients and 25 healthy controls. We compared their brain responses to PPI and PPF by analyzing global field power (GFP), event-related potentials (ERPs) and their respective sources. BDD exhibited reduced N100 amplitudes compared to healthy controls in response to the startle tone elicited by both PPI and PPF, potentially suggesting impaired allocation of attention. Interestingly, the lower the GFP at the N100, the higher the BDD severity. Source reconstruction analysis showed reduced activation for BDD during the N100 time window in PPI. Scalp responses and source activations in PPI were decreased overall compared to PPF, confirming the gating effect of PPI. We provided evidence that the N100 may serve as an electrophysiological marker of BDD, predicting its severity. Our study demonstrated the potential of using ERPs combined with behavioural PPI and PPF protocols to advance our understanding of BDD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios E Giannopoulos
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioanna Zioga
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Fotini Kapsali
- Psychiatric Hospital of Attica, 374 Athinon Ave., 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios T Spantideas
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos C Kapsalis
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos N Capsalis
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontoangelos
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos C Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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36
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Jeye BM, Kark SM, Spets DS, Moo LR, Kensinger EA, Slotnick SD. Support for an inhibitory model of word retrieval. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135876. [PMID: 33831498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Word retrieval may involve an inhibitory process in which a target word is activated and related words are suppressed. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined the inhibition of language processing cortex by the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during word retrieval using an anagram-solving paradigm. Participants were presented with a distractor that was read aloud followed by a to-be-solved anagram. Distractor types were defined relative to orthographic overlap with the subsequent anagram solution and included related words with one letter different (e.g., "gripe" for the anagram of "price"), related pseudo-words, and unrelated words (i.e., all five letters were different). The anagram solution reaction time was slower in both the related word and related pseudo-word distractor conditions as compared to the unrelated word distractor condition, which can be attributed to greater inhibition following related distractors. The contrast of related words and unrelated words produced one activation in the left DLPFC, a region that has been associated with memory inhibition. To identify the regions that were negatively correlated with activity in the left DLPFC for related distractors, we conducted a functional connectivity analysis between this left DLPFC region and the rest of the brain. We found negatively correlated activity between the DLPFC and language processing cortex for the related word distractor condition (and the related pseudo-word distractor condition at a relaxed threshold). These findings suggest that that the left DLPFC may inhibit related word (and pseudo-word) representations in language processing cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Jeye
- Department of Psychology, Worchester State University, United States.
| | - Sarah M Kark
- Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, United States
| | - Dylan S Spets
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, United States
| | - Lauren R Moo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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Xin Z, Gu S, Wang W, Lei Y, Li H. Acute Stress and Gender Effects in Sensory Gating of the Auditory Evoked Potential in Healthy Subjects. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8529613. [PMID: 33777136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8529613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory gating is a neurophysiological measure of inhibition that is characterized by a reduction in the P50, N100, and P200 event-related potentials to a repeated identical stimulus. It was proposed that abnormal sensory gating is involved in the neural pathological basis of some severe mental disorders. Since then, the prevailing application of sensory gating measures has been in the study of neuropathology associated with schizophrenia and so on. However, sensory gating is not only trait-like but can be also state-like, and measures of sensory gating seemed to be affected by several factors in healthy subjects. The objective of this work was to clarify the roles of acute stress and gender in sensory gating. Data showed acute stress impaired inhibition of P50 to the second click in the paired-click paradigm without effects on sensory registration leading to worse P50 sensory gating and disrupted attention allocation reflected by attenuated P200 responses than control condition, without gender effects. As for N100 and P200 gating, women showed slightly better than men without effects of acute stress. Data also showed slightly larger N100 amplitudes across clicks and significant larger P200 amplitude to the first click for women, suggesting that women might be more alert than men.
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Muñoz-Caracuel M, Muñoz V, Ruíz-Martínez FJ, Di Domenico D, Brigadoi S, Gómez CM. Multivariate analysis of the systemic response to auditory stimulation: An integrative approach. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1072-1098. [PMID: 33624899 DOI: 10.1113/ep089125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Auditory stimulation produces a response in different physiological systems: cardiac, peripheral blood flow, electrodermal, cortical and peripheral haemodynamic responses and auditory event-related potentials. Do all these subsystems covary when responding to auditory stimulation, suggesting a unified locus of control, or do they not covary, suggesting independent loci of control for these physiological responses? What is the main finding and its importance? Auditory sensory gating reached a fixed level of neural activity independently of the intensity of auditory stimulation. The use of multivariate techniques revealed the presence of different regulatory mechanisms for the different physiologically recorded signals. ABSTRACT We studied the effects of an increasing amplitude of auditory stimulation on a variety of autonomic and CNS responses and their possible interdependence. The subjects were stimulated with an increasing amplitude of auditory tones while the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs), the cortical and extracerebral functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal of standard and short separation channel recordings, the peripheral pulse measured by photoplethysmography, heart rate and electrodermal responses were recorded. Trials with eight tones of equal amplitude were presented. The results showed a parallel increase of activity in ERPs, fNIRS and peripheral responses with the increase in intensity of auditory stimulation. The ERPs, measured as peak-to-peak N1-P2, showed an increase in amplitude with auditory stimulation and a high attenuation from the first presentation with respect to the second to eighth presentations. Peripheral signals and standard and short channel fNIRS responses showed a decrease in amplitude in the high-intensity auditory stimulation conditions. Principal components analysis showed independent sources of variance for the recorded signals, suggesting independent control of the recorded physiological responses. The present results suggest a complex response associated to the increase of auditory stimulation with a fixed amplitude for ERPs, and a decrease in the peripheral and cortical haemodynamic response, possibly mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, constituting a defensive reflex to excessive auditory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Muñoz-Caracuel
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vanesa Muñoz
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ruíz-Martínez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dalila Di Domenico
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia, Padova, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlos M Gómez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Vallinoja J, Jaatela J, Nurmi T, Piitulainen H. Gating Patterns to Proprioceptive Stimulation in Various Cortical Areas: An MEG Study in Children and Adults using Spatial ICA. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1523-1537. [PMID: 33140082 PMCID: PMC7869097 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive paired-stimulus paradigm was used for 30 children (10-17 years) and 21 adult (25-45 years) volunteers in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Their right index finger was moved twice with 500-ms interval every 4 ± 25 s (repeated 100 times) using a pneumatic-movement actuator. Spatial-independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to identify stimulus-related components from MEG cortical responses. Clustering was used to identify spatiotemporally consistent components across subjects. We found a consistent primary response in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex with similar gating ratios of 0.72 and 0.69 for the children and adults, respectively. Secondary responses with similar transient gating behavior were centered bilaterally in proximity of the lateral sulcus. Delayed and prolonged responses with strong gating were found in the frontal and parietal cortices possibly corresponding to larger processing network of somatosensory afference. No significant correlation between age and gating ratio was found. We confirmed that cortical gating to proprioceptive stimuli is comparable to other somatosensory and auditory domains, and between children and adults. Gating occurred broadly beyond SI cortex. Spatial ICA revealed several consistent response patterns in various cortical regions which would have been challenging to detect with more commonly applied equivalent current dipole or distributed source estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Vallinoja
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
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Peixoto MAP, Brandão MAG, Tavares BF. CONSTRUÇÃO DE DEFINIÇÕES OPERACIONAIS EM METACOGNIÇÃO. Psicol Esc Educ 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392021224728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Desde a década de 70 a metacognição vem sendo entendida como “conhecimento e cognição sobre fenômenos cognitivos”. Sua conceituação, apesar disso, ainda se apresenta inespecífica, a maioria dos pesquisadores tende a negligenciar o estabelecimento de definições mais precisas sobre a metacognição. Assim, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, com enviesamento intencional orientado para a produção de definições operacionais aplicáveis ao processo de aprendizagem, de modo a permitir operar as ações de descrição, discriminação entre os diferentes fenômenos metacognitivos, sua classificação e interpretação de significados. A taxonomia aqui apresentada consta de 03 domínios (Habilidade, Experiência e Conhecimento Metacognitivos), trazendo 36 definições operacionais de termos metacognitivos.
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41
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Kim HS, Lee JH, Yoo SH. Is consumer neural response to visual merchandising types different depending on their fashion involvement? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241578. [PMID: 33362255 PMCID: PMC7757867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated consumers' responses to fashion visual merchandising (VM) from a neuroscientific perspective. The brain activations of 20 subjects differently involved in fashion were recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in response to three different fashion VM types. According to the types of fashion VM, significant differences were observed, which were significantly higher for the creative VM. Moreover, highly fashion-involved subjects showed activation of the orbital frontal cortex region in response to the creative VM. Based on these results, it is suggested that marketing strategies should be devised explicitly for the brand's targeted audience and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Hwa Lee
- Department of Clothing & Textiles, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - So-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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42
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Detorakis G, Chaillet A, Rougier NP. Stability analysis of a neural field self-organizing map. J Math Neurosci 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 33259016 PMCID: PMC7708616 DOI: 10.1186/s13408-020-00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We provide theoretical conditions guaranteeing that a self-organizing map efficiently develops representations of the input space. The study relies on a neural field model of spatiotemporal activity in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex. We rely on Lyapunov's theory for neural fields to derive theoretical conditions for stability. We verify the theoretical conditions by numerical experiments. The analysis highlights the key role played by the balance between excitation and inhibition of lateral synaptic coupling and the strength of synaptic gains in the formation and maintenance of self-organizing maps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Chaillet
- CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas P Rougier
- Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Bordeaux, France
- Institut des maladies neurodégénératives, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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43
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Adams MS, Niechwiej-Szwedo E, McIlroy WE, Staines WR. A History of Concussion Affects Relevancy-Based Modulation of Cortical Responses to Tactile Stimuli. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:33. [PMID: 32719591 PMCID: PMC7350857 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating cortical excitability based on a stimulus’ relevance to the task at hand is a component of sensory gating, and serves to protect higher cortical centers from being overwhelmed with irrelevant information (McIlroy et al., 2003; Kumar et al., 2005; Wasaka et al., 2005). This study examined relevancy-based modulation of cortical excitability, and corresponding behavioral responses, in the face of distracting stimuli in participants with and without a history of concussion (mean age 22 ± 3 SD years; most recent concussion 39.1 ± 30 SD months). Participants were required to make a scaled motor response to the amplitudes of visual and tactile stimuli presented individually or concurrently. Task relevance was manipulated, and stimuli were occasionally presented with irrelevant distractors. Electroencephalography (EEG) and task accuracy data were collected from participants with and without a history of concussion. The somatosensory-evoked N70 event-related potential (ERP) was significantly modulated by task relevance in the control group but not in those with a history of concussion, and there was a significantly greater cost to task accuracy in the concussion history group when relevant stimuli were presented with an irrelevant distractor. This study demonstrated that relevancy-based modulation of electrophysiological responses and behavioral correlates of sensory gating differ in people with and without a history of concussion, even after patients were symptom-free and considered recovered from their injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan S Adams
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - William E McIlroy
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - William R Staines
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Spooner RK, Wiesman AI, O'Neill J, Schantell MD, Fox HS, Swindells S, Wilson TW. Prefrontal gating of sensory input differentiates cognitively impaired and unimpaired aging adults with HIV. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa080. [PMID: 32954330 PMCID: PMC7472908 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite effective therapies that have extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV, 35-70% of these adults still develop some form of cognitive impairment, and with a growing population of aging adults with HIV, the prevalence of these cognitive deficits is likely to increase. The mechanisms underlying these HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain poorly understood but are often accelerated by the aging process and accompanied by disturbances in sensory processing, which may contribute to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of the current study was to identify the impact of aging on HIV-related alterations in inhibitory processing and determine whether such alterations are related to cognitive impairment in neuroHIV. We used magnetoencephalographic imaging, advanced time series analysis methods, and a paired-pulse stimulation paradigm to interrogate inhibitory processing in 87 HIV-infected aging adults and 92 demographically matched uninfected controls (22-72 years old). Whole-brain maps linking age and neural indices were computed for each group and compared via Fisher's Z transformations. Peak voxel time-series data were also extracted from the resulting images to quantify the dynamics of spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulation onset in each group. Whole-brain analyses using the somatosensory gating index, a metric of inhibitory processing and age distinguished impaired adults with HIV from unimpaired HIV-infected adults and controls. Briefly, younger cognitively impaired adults with HIV strongly utilized the prefrontal cortices to gate somatosensory input, and the role of this region in gating was uniquely and significantly modulated by aging only in impaired adults with HIV. Spontaneous neural activity preceding stimulus onset was also significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortices of those with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, and this elevation was significantly related to the CD4 nadir across both HIV-infected groups. This is the first study to examine the impact of aging on inhibitory processing in HIV-infected adults with and without cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that young adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder utilize the prefrontal cortices to gate (i.e. suppress) redundant somatosensory input, and that this capacity uniquely diminishes with advancing age in impaired adults with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Spooner
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alex I Wiesman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer O'Neill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mikki D Schantell
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan Swindells
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA.,Cognitive Neuroscience of Development & Aging (CoNDA) Center, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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45
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Sefcikova V, Sporrer JK, Ekert JO, Kirkman MA, Samandouras G. High Interrater Variability in Intraoperative Language Testing and Interpretation in Awake Brain Mapping Among Neurosurgeons or Neuropsychologists: An Emerging Need for Standardization. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:e651-e660. [PMID: 32522656 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain mapping with direct electric stimulation is considered the gold standard for maximum safe resection of tumors affecting eloquent regions. However, no consensus exists in selection and interpretation of intraoperative testing for language and other cognitive domains. Our aim was to capture and statistically analyze variability in practices in intraoperative language testing among neurosurgeons and neuropsychologists in the United States, Europe, and the rest of the world. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team at Queen Square, London, and distributed internationally through selected organized societies. The survey included 2 domains: terminology and common understanding of clinical deficits; and selection of intraoperative tests used per specific brain region. Participants were stratified by specialty, years of experience, and monthly caseload. Data were analyzed using Krippendorff α, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 137 specialists participated. A low agreement was recorded for each of the 20 questions (Krippendorff α = -0.023 to 0.312). Further subgroup analysis revealed low interrater reliability independent of specialism (neurosurgeons, α = 0.013-0.318 compared with nonneurosurgeons, α = -0.021 to 0.398; P = 0.808) and years of experience (<1 years, α = -0.003 to 0.282; 2-5 years, α = 0.009-0.327; 6-10 years, α = 0.003-0.234; and >10 years, α = -0.003 to 0.372; P = 0.200). CONCLUSIONS The current study documents high interrater variability, regardless of specialism and years of experience in the cohort of neurosurgeons and language specialists surveyed and may be applicable to a wider group of specialists, indicating the need to reduce interobserver, interinstitutional and interspecialty variability, reach consensus, and increase the validity, interpretation, and predictive power of intraoperative mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Sefcikova
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliana K Sporrer
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna O Ekert
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Kirkman
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Samandouras
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.
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46
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Campbell J, Nielsen M, LaBrec A, Bean C. Sensory Inhibition Is Related to Variable Speech Perception in Noise in Adults With Normal Hearing. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2020; 63:1595-1607. [PMID: 32402215 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Speech perception in noise (SPiN) varies widely in individuals with normal hearing, which may be attributed to factors that are not reflected in the audiogram, such as inhibition. However, inhibition is involved at both sensory and cognitive stages of auditory perception, and while inhibition at the cognitive level has been shown to be a significant factor in SPiN processes, it is unknown whether sensory inhibition may also contribute to SPiN variability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate sensory inhibition in adults with normal hearing and mild SPiN impairment. Method Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in 49 adults via high-density electroencephalography using an auditory gating paradigm. Participants were categorized according to a median signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of 1.5 dB: typical SNR loss ≤ 1.5 dB (n = 32), mild SNR loss > 1.5 dB (n = 17). CAEP gating responses were compared and correlated with SNR loss and extended high-frequency thresholds. Current density reconstructions were performed to qualitatively observe underlying cortical inhibitory networks in each group. Results In comparison to adults with typical SPiN ability, adults with mild SPiN impairment showed an absence of the gating response. A CAEP gating component (P2) reflected decreased sensory inhibition and correlated with increased SNR loss. Extended high-frequency thresholds were also found to correlate with SNR loss, but not gating function. An atypical cortical inhibitory network was observed in the mild SNR loss group, with reduced frontal and absent prefrontal activation. Conclusion Sensory inhibition appears to be atypical and related to SPiN deficits in adults with mild impairment. In addition, cortical inhibitory networks appear to be incomplete, with a possible compensatory parietal network. Further research is needed to delineate between types or levels of central inhibitory mechanisms and their contribution to SPiN processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Campbell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mashhood Nielsen
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Alison LaBrec
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Connor Bean
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Central Sensory Processes Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin
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Vainio L, Ellis R. Action inhibition and affordances associated with a non-target object: An integrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:487-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang S, Xu W, Zhu Y, Tian E, Kong W. Impaired Multisensory Integration Predisposes the Elderly People to Fall: A Systematic Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:411. [PMID: 32410958 PMCID: PMC7198912 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review pooled all the latest data and reviewed all the relevant studies to look into the effect of multisensory integration on the balance function in the elderly. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched to find eligible studies published prior to May 2019. The studies were limited to those published in Chinese and English language. The quality of the included studies was assessed against the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or an 11-item checklist, as recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Any disagreement among reviewers was resolved by comparing notes and reaching a consensus. Results: Eight hundred thirty-nine records were identified and 17 of them were included for systematic review. The result supported our assumption that multisensory integration works on balance function in the elderly. All the 17 studies were believed to be of high or moderate quality. Conclusions: The systematic review found that the impairment of multisensory integration could predispose elderly people to fall. Accurate assessment of multisensory integration can help the elderly identify the impaired balance function and minimize the risk of fall. And our results provide a new basis for further understanding of balance maintenance mechanism. Further research is warranted to explore the change in brain areas related to multisensory integration in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - E Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Riddle J, Scimeca JM, Cellier D, Dhanani S, D'Esposito M. Causal Evidence for a Role of Theta and Alpha Oscillations in the Control of Working Memory. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1748-1754.e4. [PMID: 32275881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) relies on the prioritization of relevant information and suppression of irrelevant information [1, 2]. Prioritizing relevant information has been linked to theta frequency neural oscillations in lateral prefrontal cortex and suppressing irrelevant information has been linked to alpha oscillations in occipito-parietal cortex [3,11]. Here, we used a retrospective-cue WM paradigm to manipulate prioritization and suppression task demands designed to drive theta oscillations in prefrontal cortex and alpha oscillations in parietal cortex, respectively. To causally test the role of these neural oscillations, we applied rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in either theta or alpha frequency to prefrontal and parietal regions identified using functional MRI. The effect of rhythmic TMS on WM performance was dependent on whether the TMS frequency matched or mismatched the expected underlying task-driven oscillations of the targeted region. Functional MRI in the targeted regions predicted subsequent TMS effects across subjects supporting a model by which theta oscillations are excitatory to neural activity, and alpha oscillations are inhibitory. Together, these results causally establish dissociable roles for prefrontal theta oscillations and parietal alpha oscillations in the control of internally maintained WM representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Riddle
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Jason M Scimeca
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 450 Li Ka Shing Biomedical Center, MC#3370, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
| | - Dillan Cellier
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, 301 E Jefferson Street, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Berkeley, 140 Stephens Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-2306, USA
| | - Sofia Dhanani
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Berkeley, 140 Stephens Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-2306, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 450 Li Ka Shing Biomedical Center, MC#3370, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, USA
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Grant MK, Bobilev AM, Rasys AM, Branson Byers J, Schriever HC, Hekmatyar K, Lauderdale JD. Global and age-related neuroanatomical abnormalities in a Pax6-deficient mouse model of aniridia suggests a role for Pax6 in adult structural neuroplasticity. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146698. [PMID: 32014531 PMCID: PMC10712278 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PAX6 encodes a highly conserved transcription factor necessary for normal development of the eyes and central nervous system. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in PAX6 cause the disorder aniridia in humans and the Small eye trait in mice. Aniridia is a congenital and progressive disorder known for ocular phenotypes; however, recently, consequences of PAX6 haploinsufficiency in the brains of aniridia patients have been identified. These findings span structural and functional abnormalities, including deficits in cognitive and sensory processing. Furthermore, some of these abnormalities are accelerated as aniridia patients age. Although some functional abnormalities may be explained by structural changes, variability of results remain, and the effects of PAX6 heterozygous loss-of-function mutations on neuroanatomy, particularly with regard to aging, have yet to be resolved. Our study used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology to investigate structural consequences of such mutations in the adult brain of our aniridia mouse model, Small eye Neuherberg allele (Pax6SeyNeu/+), at two adult age groups. Using both MRI and histology enables a direct comparison with human studies, while providing higher resolution for detection of more subtle changes. We show volumetric changes in major brain regions of the the Pax6SeyNeu/+ mouse compared to wild-type including genotype- and age-related olfactory bulb differences, age-related cerebellum differences, and genotype-related eye differences. We also show alterations in thickness of major interhemispheric commissures, particularly those anteriorly located within the brain including the optic chiasm, corpus callosum, and anterior commissure. Together, these genotype and age related changes to brain volumes and structures suggest a global decrease in adult brain structural plasticity in our Pax6SeyNeu/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Grant
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 250B Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Anastasia M Bobilev
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Ashley M Rasys
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 250B Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - J Branson Byers
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 250B Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Hannah C Schriever
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 250B Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - Khan Hekmatyar
- Bio-imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - James D Lauderdale
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, 250B Coverdell Center, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Neuroscience Division of the Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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